HIS 


While  you  converse 
with  lords  and 
dukes, 

I  have  their  betters 
here-. my  books, 

Fixed  in  an  elbow- 
chair  at  ease, 

'  choose  compan 
ions  as  I  please. 

—THOMAS  SHERMAN 
TO  DEAN  SWIFT- 


RICHMOND     PRISONS 

1861-1862 

COMPILED    FROM 

THE    ORIGINAL    RECORDS 

KEPT   BY  THE   CONFEDERATE   GOVERNMENT 


JOURNALS  KEPT  BY  UNION  PRISONERS  OF  WAR,  TOGETHER  WITH 
THE  NAME,  RANK,  COMPANY,  REGIMENT  AND  STATE  OF 
THE  FOUR  THOUSAND  WHO  WERE  CONFINED  THERE 


BY 


WILLIAM   H.  JEFFREY 


THE   REPUBLICAN  PRESS 
ST.  JOHNSBURY 


Copyright,  1893, 
BY  CHARLES  T.  WALTER. 

All  rights  reserved. 


Tkt  St.  Joltnsbury  (  Vt. )  Republican  Press  : 
Printed  by  The  Caledonia  County  Publishing  Company. 


Co    &y  $ rfenau, 


HON.  ALFRED  ELY,  CAPTAIN  THOMAS  J.  Cox,  JR., 

AND 
THOSE  \VHO  SUFFERED  AND  DIED 

IN  u RICHMOND   PRISONS" 

DURING   1861-1862,   WHILE   SERVING    THEIR    COUNTRY, 
THIS  WORK  is  DEDICATED 

BY 

THE  AUTHOR. 


M176671 


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. 

I  DESIRE  to  extend  many  thanks  to  Hon.  Alfred  Ely,  of 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  J.  Lane  Fitts,  Candia,  N.  H.,  Lieutenant 
W.  A.  Abbott,  Jamaica  Plains,  Mass.,  C.  B.  Fairchild,  New 
York  City,  Lieutenant  B.  B.  Vassoll,  Webster,  Mass.,  and 
Major  J.  T.  W.  Hairston,  Crawford,  Miss.,  (ex-keeper  of 
the  prison)  for  material  aid  in  compiling 

RICHMOND  PRISONS,   1861-1862." 

WILLIAM  H.  JEFFREY. 


RICHMOND   PRISONS, 
1861-1862. 

'  PART    FIRST. 

THE  prisoners  of  war,  about  one  thousand  in  number, 
who  were  captured  at  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,    July  2ist, 
1 86 1,  were  conducted  from  the  field  of  battle  at-  Manassas,"V 
a  distance  of  seven  miles,  over  one  of  the  dustiest  roads 
that  it  was  ever  man's  misfortune  to  travel. 

They  arrived  at  Manassas  at  nine  o'clock  in  the  evening, 
and  were  marched  into  an  open  lot,  where  they  halted,  sur 
rounded  by  thickly  posted  guards.  About  the  time  of  their 
arrival,  it  began  to  rain,  and  in  that  place,  without  lights 
and  unable  to  distinguish  one  from  another,  upon  the  floor 
covered  with  fiith,  without  blankets  or  covering,  officers  of 
every  grade  passed  the'night.  They  were  mostly  strangers 
to  each  other,  and  silence  prevailed.  Among  the  number 
was  Colonel  Michael  Corcoran,  whom  the  severe  wounds 
received  the  day  before  and  the  fatigue  of  the  march  had 
nearly  exhausted. 


8  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

It  was  a  subject  of  conjecture  among  the  prisoners  where 
they  were  to  be  conveyed,  but  at  about  ten  o'clock  the  fol 
lowing  morning,  Major  Prados  of  New  Orleans  entered  the 
barn,  and,  ordering  the  officers  to  fall  in  in  double  file  accord 
ing  to  their  respective  ranks,  commanded  them  to  be  in 
readiness  to  march  at  a  moment's  notice.  They  were  taken 
through  the  rain  and  mud  to  the  Virginia  Central  Railroad, 
where  trains  were  soon  to  depart  for  Richmond,  Virginia, 
whither,  by  this  time,  they  inferred  they  were  to  be  taken 
as  prisoners  of  war.  The  rain  continued  to  fall  in  torrents 
during  the  entire  day.  They  remained  in  the  cars  until 
four  o'clock,  p.  m.,  waiting  for  the  privates,  the  sick  and 
wounded.  The  train  left  Manas'sas  Junction  with  about 
one  thousand  officers,  non-commissioned  officers  and  pri 
vates  on  board.  Major  Prados  did  what  he  could  to  make 
them  comfortable,  and  at  Gordonsville  provided  them  with 
ample  rations. 

They  arrived  at  Richmond  on  the  following  evening  at 
nine  o'clock.  It  had  been  rumored  in  the  cars  that,  on 
their  arrival,  they  would  be  met  by  an  uncontrollable  mob 
and  their  lives  endangered;  but  Major  Prados  assured  them 
that  he  had  with  him  a  guard  of  one  hundred  and  fifty 
men,  and  that  there  would  be  no  assemblage  of  people  or 
disturbance.  It  was  a  bright  moonlight  night,  and,  after 
waiting  at  the  station  for  an  hour,  they  were  marched 
through  the  streets,  a  distance  of  a  mile  to  a  large  brick 
building  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  2<>th  streets,  known  as 
Liggon  &  Company's  Tobacco  Factory.  They  were  con, 
ducted  to  the  second  and  third  floors  of  this  building- 
which  became  so  crowded  that  it  was  hardly  possible  for 
one  to  lie  down,  even  if  he  were  so  disposed. 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  9 

This  disposition  of  the  officers  was  so  different  from 
what  they  had  been  promised  by  those  in  charge  that  it 
created  great  dissatisfaction  and  disappointment.  Major 
Prados  had  assured  them  that  on  their  arrival  he  would 
present  them  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  that  they  should 
be  allowed  the  liberty  of  the  city  upon  their  parole  of 
honor,  but  this  he  did  not  do.  Notwithstanding,  they 
slept  upon  the  rough  floor  that  night,  and  slept  soundly. 

Next  morning  they  arose  at  an  early  hour,  and  were 
served  to  a  breakfast  of  dry  bread,  boiled  beef  and  coffee. 
Soon  after,  Brigadier  General  John  H.  Winder*  called  and 
apologized  for  the  uncomfortable  quarters  by  saying  that 
the  arrival  of  the  prisoners  was  unexpected,  and  he  was, 
therefore,  unprepared  for  them,  but  that  a  separate  apart 
ment  for  the  officers  in  another  building  was  nearly  ready, 
and  that  they  would  be  removed  to  it  in  the  afternoon. 

The  building  in  which  the  prisoners  were  quartered  was 
guarded  on  all  sides  by  a  strong  force,  night  and  day. 
They  had  been  confined  there  but  a  short  time  when  one  of 
the  guards  in  the  rear  fired  at  a  prisoner  in  a  third  story 
window,  who  happened  to  be  looking  out  at  that  moment. 
The  ball  lodged  in  a  joist  in  the  ceiling,  which  prevented 
it  from  penetrating  the  floor  and  possibly  injuring  some 
innocent  man  above.  Colonel  Michael  Corcoran  of  the 
69th  New  York  Regiment  and  Hon.  Alfred  Ely,  member  of 
Congress  from  Rochester,  New  York,  both  prisoners  of 
war,  called  General  Winder's  attention  to  this  circumstance, 
and  pointed  out  the  ball  marks.  He  assured  them  that 
such  an  act  should  not  occur  again. 

*  Formerly  of  the  United  States  Army, 


10  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

In  the  afternoon  of  July  24th,  a  petition  to  Abraham 
Lincoln,  President  of  the  United  States,  was  drawn  up  by 
Congressman  Ely,  stating  in  substance  that  about  forty 
officers  and  nine  hundred  non-commissioned  officers  and 
privates  in  the  military  service  of  the  United  States,  were 
prisoners  of  war,  in  close  confinement  at  Richmond,  Vir 
ginia,  and  requesting  that  immediate  steps  might  be  taken 
by  the  government,  by  exchange  or  otherwise,  to  effect 
their  release.  All  the  officers  signed  the  petition  and  it  was 
forwarded  to  the  President. 

Later  in  the  afternoon  the  officers  were  transferred  to 
their  new  quarters  in  the  adjoining  building,  which  was 
also  a  tobacco  factory.*  The  lower  floor,  about  seventy- 
five  feet  long  by  thirty  feet  wide,  was  the  officers'  quarters, 
while  the  space  on  the  next  was  used  by  the  guards,  and 
was  constantly  resounding  with  a  great  noise  from  the 
stacking  of  arms.  The  two  stories  above  were  occupied 
by  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates,  and  had  no 
communication  with  the  officers'  quarters. 

The  following  day,  July  25th,  the  officers,  forty  in  number, 
formed  themselves  into  an  association  for  mutual  improve 
ment  and  amusement,  called  "The  Richmond  Prison  Asso 
ciation,"  and  elected  officers  as  follows  : 

President,  Alfred  Ely,  of  New  York. 
Secretary,  R.  A.  Goodenough,  of  New  York. 
Treasurer,  Michael  Corcoran,  of  New  York. 
Assistant  Treasurer,  Charles  Walter,  of  Connecticut. 

The  roll  of  officers  at  this  time  was  : 

Colonel  Michael  Corcoran,  69th  New  York  Regiment, 
Surgeon  Alfred  Powell,  2nd  New  York  Regiment. 

*  Atkinson's, 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  I  I 

Surgeon  Andrew  McLetchie,  79th  New  York  Regiment. 

Surgeon  James  Harris,  2nd  Rhode  Island  Regiment. 

Surgeon  Stephen  Griswold,  38th  New  York  Regiment. 

Surgeon  A.  J.  Bucster,  5th  Maine  Regiment. 

Surgeon LeBoutillier,  ist  Minnesota  Regiment. 

Quarter-Master  W.  L.  Bowers,  (Captain)  ist  Rhode  Island 
Regiment. 

Chaplain  Hiram  Eddy,  2nd  Connecticut  Regiment. 

Chaplain  George  W.  Dodge,  nth  New  York  Regiment. 

Chaplain  J.  P.  Mclvor,  69th  New  York  Regiment. 

Captain  M.  Griffin,  8th  New  York  Regiment. 

Captain  John  Downey,  nth  New  York  Regiment. 

Captain  William  Mason,  79th  New  York  Regiment. 

Captain  J.  A.  Farrish,  79th  New  York  Regiment. 

Captain  J.  B.  Drew,  2nd  Vermont  Regiment. 

Captain  S.  D.  Golyer,  4th  Michigan  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  Edmund  Connolly,  69111  New  York  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  John  Bagley,  69th  New  York  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  James  Gannon,  69th  New  York  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  S.  R.  Knight,  ist  Rhode  Island  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  W.  H.  Ray  nor,  ist  Ohio  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  R.  A.  Goodenough,  i4th  New  York  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  W.  H.  Clark,  4th  Maine  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  J.  B.  Glover,  4th  Maine  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  G.  W.  Caleff,  nth  Massachusetts  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  J.  K.  Skinner,  2nd  Maine  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  George  B.  Kenniston,  5th  Maine  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  M.  A.  Parks,  ist  Michigan  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  John  White,  79th  New  York  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  Robert  Campbell,  79th  New  York  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  Charles  J.  Murray,  38th  New  York  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  A.  M.  Underwood,  nth  New  York  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  S.  B.  Preston,  4th  Michigan  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  J.  B.  Hutchinson,  i5th  Pennsylvania  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  Isaac  M.  Church,  2nd  Rhode  Island  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  A.  E.  Felch,  ist  Minnesota  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  Charles  Walter,  ist  Connecticut  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  D.  S.  Gordon,  2nd  Dragoons,  United  States  Army,  Aid 
to  Colonel  Keys. 

Congressman  Alfred  Ely,  Rochester,  New  York. 

The  following  day,  July  26th,  the  officers'  roll  was 
increased  by  the  arrival  of  the  following  : 


12  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

Colonel  William  E.  Woodruff,  2nd  Kentucky  Regiment. 
Colonel  Charles  H.  DeVilliers,  nth  Ohio  Regiment. 
Lieutenant-Colonel  George  W.  Neff,  2nd  Kentucky  Regiment. 
Captain  J.  R.  Hurd,  2nd  Kentucky  Regiment. 

These  officers  belonged  to  General  J.  1).  Cox's  brigade, 
and  were  taken  by  General  Henry  A.  Wise  on  the  Kana- 
waha  river,  July  lyth. 

On  the  27th,  came  another  prisoner  of  war,  Calvin  Huson, 
Jr.,  of  Rochester,  New  York.  He  had  been  captured  at 
Manassas  and  was  accompanied  to  Richmond  by  the  Hon. 
J.  A.  Orr,  a  member  of  the  Confederate  Congress  from 
Mississippi.  When  Mr.  Huson  was  first  arrested  the 
officers  and  Mr.  Orr,  who  were  near,  supposed  him  to  be 
a  United  States  Senator.  On  that  day  Mr.  Huson,  attended 
by  one  of  the  Generals,  went  over  the  battle-field,  which, 
as  he  said,  presented  a  most  frightful  and  ghastly  spectacle. 
All  the  dead  of  the  Federal  Army,  with  their  faces  black, 
and  bodies  swollen  to  twice  their  natural  size,  were  lying 
still  unburied.  Among  the  touching  sights  noticed  by  him 
was  the  body  of  a  soldier  who,  from  all  appearances,  had 
been  dead  longer  than  his  ill-fated  associates.  Lying  upon 
his  back,  with  both  eyes  wide  open,  he  gazed  intently  upon 
a  daguerreotype  likeness  of  a  woman,  held  in  one  hand. 
Poor  mortal !  In  his  last  moments,  in  the  agony  of  expir 
ing  nature,  he  had  clutched  the  image  of  his  beloved  wife, 
and  relinquished  not  his  grasp  even  though  life  itself  was 
extinct. 

August  ist,  the  United  States  House  of  Representatives 
passed  a  resolution,  offered  by  the  Hon.  Reuben  E.  Fenton, 
with  a  preamble  as  follows  : 

WHEREAS,  It  is  currently  reported  that  the  forces  now  in  rebellion 
against  the  Government  have  certain  persons  in  their  hands,  one  of 
•whom  is  Hon.  Alfred  Ely,  a  member  of  this  House ;  therefore, 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  13 

RESOLVED,  That  the  President  be  requested  to  furnish  this  House 
with  any  information  on  the  subject  that  may  have  reached  him. 

The  reply  of  President  Lincoln  to  the  above  resolution 
was  as  follows  : 

To  the  House  of  Representatives  : 

In  answer  to  the  resolution  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of 
yesterday,  requesting  information  regarding  the  imprisonment  of 
loyal  citizens  of  the  United  States  by  the  forces  now  in  rebellion 
against  the  Government,  I  transmit  a  report  from  the  Secretary  of 
State,  and  a  copy  of  a  telegraphic  despatch  by  which  it  was  accom 
panied. 

A.  LINCOLN. 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  August  2nd,  1861. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  August  2nd,  1861. 

The  Secretary  of  State,  to  whom  was  referred  the  resolution  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  yesterday,  requesting  the  President  to 
furnish  to  that  House  any  information  he  may  have  in  his  possession 
on  the  subject  of  the  forces  now  in  rebellion  against  the  Government 
having  in  imprisonment  loyal  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and, 
among  others,  the  Hon.  Alfred  Ely,  one  of  the  members  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  from  New  York,  has  the  honor  to  report  to  the 
President  that  the  only  information  possessed  by  this  department  on 
the  subject  is  contained  in  a  telegraphic  despatch,  a  copy  of  which  is 
annexed. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

WM.  H.  SEWARD. 
To  the  President. 

UNITED  STATES  MILITARY  TELEGRAPH. 

Received  August  ist,  1861,  from  Richmond,  Virginia,  July  3ist, 
1861. 

To  Hon.   William  H.  Servard : 

I  am  here  a  prisoner;  Ely,  Arnold,  Harris  and  McGraw  are  also 
here. 

C.   HUSON,  JR. 

During  the  afternoon  of  August  5th,  Lieutenant  Todd, 
who,  by  the  way,  was  a  half-brother  of  President  Lincoln's 


14  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

wife,  and  at  that  time  in  the  immediate  charge  of  the 
prisoners,  ordered  all  servants  belonging  to  the  different 
messes  out  of  the  quarters.  It  was  supposed  to  be  for  the 
reason  that  through  them  some  of  the  officers  had  obtained 
ardent  spirits,  and  because  of  a  disturbance  created  that 
morning  by  one  Lyman  H.  Stone,  a  surgeon  of  the  United 
States  Army,  who  was  arrested  at  Manassas  and  taken  to 
Richmond  on  the  29th  of  July.  Dr.  Stone  was  a  highly 
educated  gentleman,  unaccustomed  to  excessive  indulgence 
in  liquor,  but  it  was  supposed  that  the  excitement  of  the 
battle  and  the  circumstances  of  his  arrest  caused  him  to 
drink  too  freely.  He  started  out  soon  after  dinner,  over 
turning  the  tables,  dishes  and  all,  and  finally  laid  hold  of 
one  of  the  officers  so  roughly  that  it  was  evident  that  he 
was  in  a  high  state  of  frenzy.  At  last  the  turmoil 
became  so  great  that  Lieutenant  Todd,  rushing  into  the 
room  with  great  fury,  and  seeing  Dr.  Stone  clinched  with 
one  of  the  officers,  drew  his  pistol  and  demanded  that  the 
disturbance  should  cease.  It  was  stopped  and  Dr.  Stone 
was  taken  out  of  the  prison  to  a  brick  building  in  the  rear 
and  put  in  irons.  There  was,  of  course,  nothing  wrong  in 
what  Lieutenant  Todd  did  in  this  instance,  but  the  outrages 
subsequently  committed  by  him  upon  the  prisoners  under 
his  charge  were  spoken  of  by  all  in  the  severest  of  terms. 

The  testimony  of  Corporal  Merrill  on  this  point  is  as 
follows:  "Lieutenant  Todd  was  singularly  vicious  and 
brutal  in  his  treatment  of  the  prisoners,  and  seldom  entered 
the  prison  without  grossly  insulting  some  of  them.  He 
invariably  entered  with  a  drawn  sword  in  his  hand.  His 
voice  and  manner,  as  he  addressed  the  prisoners,  always 
indicated  a  desire  to  commit  some  cruel  wrong.  Upon 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  15 

one  occasion  he  struck  an  invalid  soldier  in  the  face  with 
the  flat  side  of  his  sword,  simply  because  he  did  not  obey 
the  order  to  fall  in  for  roll-call  with  sufficient  alacrity.  At 
another  time  one  of  the  guards,  in  the  presence  and  with 
the  sanction  of  Lieutenant  Todd,  struck  a  prisoner  upon 
the  head  with  the  butt-end  of  his  musket." 

It  has  even  been  asserted  that  he  sanctioned  the  shooting 
of  some  of  the  prisoners  by  the  guards ;  for,  while  there  is 
no  testimony  to  that  effect,  a  sentinel  was  never  known  to 
be  reprimanded  or  removed  from  duty  for  such  violation  of 
military  decency.  There  was  no  official  honor  at  this  time 
in  the  "Confederacy."  One  writer  says,  "The  newspapers 
proposed  the  most  inhuman  treatment,  coolly  urging  hang 
ing  and  close  confinement,  while  from  outward  manifesta 
tion,  one  would  have  supposed  we  were  confined  in  Hades, 
with  howling  devils  yelling  for  our  blood  at  the  gates." 

On  the  afternoon  of  August  27th,  a  new  captive  officer, 
Captain  Roswell  A.  Fish,  of  the  2}d  New  York  Regiment, 
arrived  at  the  prison.  He  had  been  sent  out  with  a  body 
of  troops  to  station  pickets,  and  had  gone  forward  with 
two  of  his  privates  to  reconnoitre,  when  they  were 
surprised  by  Confederate  troops,  who  fired  upon  them, 
killing  both  privates  and  taking  him  prisoner. 

During  the  afternoon  of  the  29th,  a  very  interesting  event 
took  place  in  front  of  the  prison.  Miss  Martha  Haines 
Butt,  the  authoress,  of  Norfolk,  Virginia,  stopped  before 
the  prison  quarters  in  a  splendid  equipage.  She  was 
elegantly  attired  and  accompanied  by  a  military  officer. 
It  was  evident  that  she  had  come  to  see  some  of  the  pris 
oners,  and  it  was  soon  discovered  that  Captain  Fish  was 
the  fortunate  object  of  that  compliment.  He  manifested 


1 6  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

great  impatience  to  get  by  the  sentinels  at  the  door  to  reach 
the  carriage,  but  it  was  of  no  avail  ;  he  could  not  pass, 
even  though  she  beckoned  most  daintily  for  him.  Finally, 
he  scribbled  a  hasty  message  and  sent  it  to  the  carnage  by 
the  guard.  It  was  amusing  to  watch  the  countenances  of 
the  military  assemblage  at  the  windows  and  doors  as  they 
beheld,  in  utter  silence,  the  nervous  impatience  with  which 
she  opened  the  note.  After  a  moment's  glance  at  its 
contents  she  quickly  seized  a  pencil  from  the  officer  at  her 
side  and  began  a  reply.  By  this  time,  however,  the 
corporal  of  the  guard  arrived,  and  relieved  the  agony  of 
the  captain  by  allowing  him  to  pass  from  the  prison  to  the 
carriage.  But,  surrounded  by  an  impudent  guard,  and  so 
intently  watched  by  his  prison  associates,  the  captain  was 
soon  compelled  to  close  the  interview,  which  he  did  by 
kissing  the  lady's  hand  so  gracefully  that  the  young  officer 
was  greeted  by  a  shout  of  approval  on  his  return  to 
the  prison  quarters. 

Hon.  Alfred  Ely,  in  writing  of  this  interview,  says,  "I 
was  amazed  to  learn  that  evening  from  the  gallant  captain 
that  this  was  to  have  been  his  wedding  day,  and  that  on 
the  day  of  his  capture  the  colonel  of  his  regiment  had  gone 
to  Washington  to  obtain  a  furlough  for  him.  In  view  of 
the  scene  which  I  had  witnessed,  I  very  naturally  inferred 
that  the  lady  in  question  was  the  bride  to  be,  but  in  reply  to 
an  inquiry,  he  said,  'No;  oh,  no,  no!  this  is  merely  a 
watering  place  acquaintance,  formed  at  Saratoga,  and 
continued  by  accidental  meetings  in  Washington.1  It 
seems  that  upon  her  visit  to  Richmond  she  had  discovered 
by  the  papers*  that  her  friend  was  a  prisoner  of  war,  and, 
true  to  the  natural  impulses  of  her  heart  to  help  the  unfort- 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  17 

unate,  this  young  Virginian  had  quickly  sought  the  place  of 
his  confinement." 

On  August  31  st,  there  appeared  at  the  prison  a  patriarchal- 
looking  man,  whose  long  hair,  whitened  by  the  cares  of 
more  than  seventy  years,  hung  far  down  over  his  shoulders. 
He  was  respectful  in  demeanor  and  intelligent  in  conversa 
tion.  He  said,  among  other  things,  that  he  lived  in 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  and  was  the  person  who  fired 
the  first  gun  upon  Fort  Sumpter.  This  gentleman  (?)  was 
the  Reverend  Edwin  Ruffin.  After  such  an  avowal  he  did 
not  meet  with  a  very  cordial  reception  among  the  officers, 
as  they  were  not  disposed  to  cheer  a  minister  of  the  gospel 
in  his  exultant  boast  of  being  the  first  to  shoot  down  the 
flag  of  his  country. 

At  an  early  hour  in  the  morning  of  September  loth,  it 
was  announced  that  forty  officers  and  a  large  number  of 
privates  were  to  be  sent  to  Castle  Pinkney,  an  old  fort  in 
Charleston  Harbor.  This  announcement  did  not  meet  with 
the  hearty  approval  of  the  prisoners.  At  about  nine  o'clock, 
the  Orderly-Sergeant  entered  and  gave  the  command  to 
fall  in  for  roll-call,  after  which  he  said,  reading  from  the 
roll,  "The  following  officers  will  be  prepared  to  leave  at 
one  o'clock,  p.  m.  for  Castle  Pinkney,  in  Charleston,  South 
Carolina  : 

Colonel  Michael  Corcoran. 
Colonel  O.  B.  Wilcox. 
Colonel  William  E.  Woodruff. 
Lieutenant-Colonel  George  W.  Neff. 
Major  J.  W.  Potter. 
Surgeon  C.  C.  Gray. 
Surgeon  L.  H.  Stone. 
Surgeon  John  McGregor. 
Chaplain  G.  W.  Dodge. 

3 


1 8  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

Chaplain  Hiram  Eddy. 
Captain  George  Austin. 
Captain  M.  Griffin. 
Captain  John  W.  Sprague. 
Captain  J.  H.  Downey. 
Captain  Roswell  A.  Fish. 
Captain  J.  T.  Farrish. 
Captain  J.  W.  Drew. 
Captain  —    —  Shurtleff. 
Captain  L.  Gordon. 

Captain Whittington. 

Captain Jenkins. 

Lieutenant  Charles  Walter. 

Lieutenant Toy. 

Lieutenant  Thomas  Hamblin.* 

Lieutenant Underbill. 

Lieutenant Worcester. 

Lieutenant  J.  H.  Dempsey. 

Lieutenant Wilcox. 

Lieutenant  D.  S.  Gordon. 
Lieutenant  J.  F.  Kent. 
Lieutenant  G.  H.  Caleff. 
Lieutenant  E.  Connolly." 

Captain  Ricketts,  United  States  Army,  was  to  have 
accompanied  this  party,  but  was  not  sufficiently  recovered 
from  his  wounds  to  undertake  the  journey.  Soon  after  the 
wife  of  this  officer  learned  that  her  husband  was  in  Rich 
mond  and  wounded.  After  experiencing  gross  insults 
from  the  rebel  soldiers,  as  well  as  many  other  obstacles, 
she  at  length  succeeded  in  reaching  him,  and  was  contin 
ually  by  his  side  until  he  recovered  and  was  released. 

When  the  hour  arrived  for  the  departure  of  the  prisoners 
the  scene  was  interesting  and  in  some  instances  affecting. 
Associations  formed  in  misfortune  are  always  strong. 
For  fifty  days  they  had  been  together,  confined  in  one 
room,  in  constant  intercourse,  interchanging  thoughts  and 

*  Son  of  the  great  actor  by  the  same  name. 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  l<) 

sympathies,  learning  the  history  of  each  other,  political, 
social  and  military,  and  during  the  entire  period 
no  unpleasant  personal  differences  had  occurred.  The 
officers  shook  hands  and  bade  an  affectionate  farewell  to 
the  associates  they  were  leaving  behind.  They  were  then 
drawn  up  in  front  of  the  prison,  where  they  were  joined 
by  the  privates  from  the  other  prison  bound  for  the  same 
destination.  "Good  bye  !  good  bye  !"  rang  out  along  the 
line  of  officers  as  they  stood,  with  manly  forms  and  brave 
hearts,  facing  their  associates,  until  suddenly  checked  by  the 
shrill  voice  of  the  captain  at  the  head  of  the  column,  who 
gave  the  command  :  "For-w-a-r-d  march  !"  They  were 
taken  to  the  Petersburg  Railroad  in  tlouble  files,  guarded 
by  a  detachment  of  fifty  men  from  the  Jeff.  Davis  ( Louisiana) 
Battalion,  commanded  by  Lieutenant  W.  B.  Brockett, 
Confederate  States  Army,  who  accompanied  them  the 
entire  distance  to  Charleston.  Twenty-five  men  of  the 
detachment  detailed  from  the  Madison  (Louisiana)  Infantry, 
marched  ahead  of  the  prisoners,  and  the  rear  was  brought 
up  by  twenty-five  men  from  the  Natchez  (Mississippi) 
Rifles. 

On  the  morning  of  the  I2th  of  September,  the  remaining 
prisoners  were  notified  that  they  could  no  longer  be  furn 
ished  with  coffee  or  sugar.  Coffee  at  that  time  was  selling 
at  fifty  cents  per  pound  in  Richmond,  and  sugar  was  selling 
at  sixteen  cents  per  pound,  and  was  not  to  be  had  at  any 
price. 

General  Winder  called  at  the  prison  on  the  iyth,  accom 
panied  by  a  gentleman  from  North  Carolina,  whom  he 
introduced  to  the  prisoners  as  Mr.  Pettigrew.  Mr.  Petti- 
grew  remarked  that  he  was  a  member  of  the  Secession 


20  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

Convention  of  North  Carolina  ;  that  he  signed  the  Ordinance 
of  Secession,  and  that  to  no  act  of  his  life  would  he  look 
back  with  more  satisfaction  ;  that  no  one  in  his  State  but 
the  lowest  rough-scuffs  entertained  Union  sentiments  ;  that 
the  men  of  character  and  influence  throughout  the  State 
were  Secessionists.  He  also  avowed  that  all  his  property, 
including  one  hundred  negroes,  and,  if  necessary,  his  own 
life,  would  be  expended  in  defence  of  the  South  ;  that  the 
North  must  first  exterminate  the  South  before  they  could 
subjugate  them  ;  that  reconstruction  of  the  Union  on  any 
terms  was  simply  impossible. 

During  the  day  of  the  i9th,  the  somewhat  monotonous 
routine  of  prison  life  was  broken  by  the  arrival  of  sixty- 
eight  prisoners,  who  had  been  captured  in  Western  Virginia. 
The  officers  were  : 

Surgeon  W.  B.  Fletcher,  6th  Ohio  Regiment. 
Captain  Ralph  Hunt,  ist  Kentucky  Regiment. 
Captain  James  Bense,  6th  Ohio  Regiment. 

Lieutenant Oilman,  6th  Ohio  Regiment. 

Lieutenant  F.  S.  Shaffer,  6th  Ohio  Regiment. 

Later  in  the  day  it  was  rumored  that  on  the  2ist  two 
hundred  and  fifty  prisoners  were  to  be  sent  to  New  Orleans. 
About  this  time  a  petition,  addressed  to  General  Winder, 
asking  for  the  release  of  Calvin  Huson,  Jr.,  who  had  been 
ill  since  July  ^oth,  was  drawn  up  and  signed  by  all  the 
officers.  It  was  hoped  that,  under  the  circumstances,  Mr. 
Huson  might  be  permitted  to  accompany  the  Surgeon,  who 
was  to  be  released  on  the  2ist,  but  no  answer  to  the 
communication  was  ever  received. 

On  the  morning  of  the  2ist,  the  Surgeon  was   released 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  21 

and  sent  to  Norfolk,  and  two  hundred  and  fifty  prisoners 
were  sent  to  New  Orleans.     The  officers  were: 

Capt.  J.  P.  Mclvor, 
Lieutenant  A.  E.  Welch, 
Lieutenant  J.  B.  Hutchinson. 

Later  the  same  day  an  act  of  extreme  barbarity  occurred, 
the  first  of  the  kind  in  the  history  of  their  confinement  in 
Richmond.  Among  many  other  trifling  regulations  adopted 
by  the  officers  in  charge  of  the  prison,  was  one  requiring 
the  prisoners  to  keep  away  from  the  windows,  and  not 
to  look  out.  In  many  previous  instances  the  inmates  of  the 
prison  had  been  fired  at  by  the  guards,  but  no  serious  in 
jury  had  resulted.  A  corporal  of  the  79th  New  York  Regi 
ment,  while  engaged  in  shaking  his  blanket  out  of  the 
third  story  window,  was  shot  through  the  breast  by  a  sen 
tinel  from  the  Georgia  regiment.  Poor  fellow!  he  lived 
but  a  few  moments,  and  was  immediately  taken  to  the 
dead  house  and  placed  in  a  coffin,  and  the  lid  nailed  down, 
before  the  body  could  possibly  have  become  cold. 

This  outrage  was  thus  described  in  one  of  the  Richmond 
papers:  "  One  of  the  Yankee  prisoners  confined  in  Lig- 
gon's  Factory  was  shot  by  a  sentry  about  half  past  nine 
o'clock,  Saturday,  the  2ist  inst.,  under  the  following  cir 
cumstances:  the  guard  had  received  orders  not  to  permit 
the  prisoners  to  put  their  heads  out  of  the  windows.  The 
party  shot  had  violated  this  order  repeatedly,  and  had  been 
constantly  cautioned  against  it.  The  last  caution  was  fol 
lowed  up  by  a  vile  epithet  applied  to  the  guard,  and  the 
obtrusion  of  half  of  his  body  from  the  window.  The  dis 
charge  of  the  sentry's  gun  followed,  and  the  death  of  the 
offending  party  immediately  ensued.  The  name  of  the 


22  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

prisoner  was  William  C.  Beck,  a  member  of  the  loth  Com 
pany,  79th  New  York  Regiment." 

The  testimony  of  a  fellow  prisoner,  touching  this  point, 
was  that  "the  man  was  killed  while  hanging  up  his  blan 
ket  in  the  window  to  dry." 

Another  man  thus  wounded  was  Private  R.  Gleason,  of 
Company  A,  i  ith  New  York  Regiment.  Two  other  men, 
whose  names  are  unknown,  met  a  similar  fate.  Several 
other  prisoners  are  known  to  have  been  wounded  in  the 
same  reckless  way.  The  prisoners  were  allowed  to  visit, 
by  twos,  an  outhouse  in  the  prison  yard.  As  Private  C. 
W.  Tibbetts  and  a  companion  were  going  thither,  with  the 
consent  of  the  guard,  a  sentinel  on  the  opposite  side  delib 
erately  raised  his  gun  and  fired  at  them.  Tibbetts  was 
killed,  and  his  companion  badly  wounded  in  the  arm.  All 
covered  with  blood,  the  unfortunate  man's  body  was  hast 
ily  thrown  into  a  rough  coffin  and  carried  by  negroes  to 
the  negro  grave-yard  for  burial. 

During  the  evening  of  September  24th,  forty-seven  pris 
oners  arrived  in  Richmond.  The  Richmond  Examiner  of 
September  25th,  announced  their  arrival  in  the  following 
not  altogether  complimentary  notice: 

ARRIVAL    OF    HESSIAN    PRISONERS. 

The  Central  cars  that  arrived  last  evening  brought  an  instalment  of 
forty-seven  Hessians,  including  a  Captain  Cox  and  others,  recently 
captured  by  the  First  Virginia  Cavalry,  under  Colonel  J.  L.  Davis,  on 
Cole  river,  in  Boone  county.  Captain  Cox  and  a  companion,  an  offi 
cer,  seemed  to  have  established  themselves  on  a  footing  of  familiar 
intercourse  with  their  custodians,  and  were  kept  apart  from  the  pri 
vates — a  mothy  set  of  miserable  looking  scoundrels.  In  the  crowd 
were  one  or  two  Union  men,  and  no  one  could  see  them  without  im 
mediately  becoming  convinced  that  a  much  stronger  affair  than  the 
late  Republic  would  have  fallen  to  pieces,  when  advocated  by  such  cut 
throat  looking  fellows. 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  23 

On  the  2Sth,  two  hundred  and  fifty  privates  were  sent 
south.  Later  in  the  day,  some  fifteen  citizens  of  Western 
Virginia  were  marched  to  the  prison  by  a  strong  guard. 
Among  the  number  was  a  man,  at  least  seventy-five  years 
old,  poorly  clad,  and  the  very  picture  of  forlorn  despair. 
What  was  this  poor  old  creature's  offense  ?  It  had  been 
said  that  in  his  little  old  farm  house,  up  among  the  moun 
tains  of  Western  Virginia,  where  he  had  lived  quietly  for 
more  than  half  a  century,  protected  in  all  his  rights,  he  had 
rehearsed  to  his  children  and  grandchildren,  year  after  year, 
with  all  the  rapture  of  his  youthful  zeal,  the  story  of  his 
honorable  service  in  the  defense  of  his  county  during  the 
war  of  1812.  Now,  in  his  declining  years,  he  had  dared 
to  say  that  he  still  loved  the  grand  old  flag,  and  could  not 
and  would  not  betray  it.  For  this  offense,  he  had  been 
arrested  and  taken  several  hundred  miles  to  Richmond,  as 
a  prisoner  of  war.  He  was  not  willing  to  renounce  in  his 
old  age  the  government  which  had  given  him  protection 
and  support,  and  which  his  long  life  had  taught  him  to 
revere.  Grand,  noble,  patriotic  old  soul! 

On  the  morning  of  October  3rd,  there  was  considerable 
sport  indulged  in  by  the  prisoners.  Lieutenant  Wallace 
made  a  wooden  sword,  and  from  a  piece  of  old  manilla 
rope  constructed  a  sash.  The  officers  assembled  in  one 
room,  and  Captain  Cox  mounted  upon  a  rough  rostrum. 
Hon.  Alfred  Ely  was  sent  for  and  upon  his  arrival,  Captain 
Cox  commenced  to  address  the  distinguished  prisoner  as 
follows  : 

"Hon.  Alfred  Ely,  member  of  Congress  from  Rochester 
District,  State  of  New  York,  spectator  at  the  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  President  of  the  Richmond  Prison  Association,  etc., 


24  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

etc.,  Sir  :  I  have  been  selected  by  the  members  of  this 
association  to  present  to  you  this  sword,  as  a  small  token 
of  their  regard  and  esteem  for  you  as  an  individual,  and  as 
a  slight  reward  for  your  gallant  services  in  protecting  the 
rear  of  your  retreating  army  at  the  memorable  battle  of 
Bull  Run,  and,  sir,  I  will  take  this  occasion  to  say,  that  in 
the  selection  of  myself  for  this  duty,  the  association  have 
been  extremely  fortunate,  for  whether  selected  to  wield  this 
weapon  against  my  country's  foe,  or  present  it  to  a  friend, 
I  acknowledge  few  equals  —  no  superior.  ['Tremendous 
applause.'] 

"Sir,  in  presenting  to  you  this  sword,  the  members  ot 
this  association  are  satisfied  that  it  will  ever  be  used  by  you 
in  times  of  peace  in  defence  of  this  glorious  Union. 
[Laughter.']  Although  not  of  as  fine  material,  nor  as 
neatly  made,  nor  as  gorgeously  ornamented  as  some  swords 
you  have  seen,  yet  this  association  believes,  for  all  the 
purposes  for  which  you  will  ever  use  a  sword,  this  will 
answer  as  well  as  any  other.  [Applause  and  laughter.'} 
You  will  perceive,  sir,  from  the  peculiar  shape  of  this 
beautiful  blade  that  it  is  well  adapted  to  fighting  from 
behind  a  tree,  which  we  all  know  is  your  favorite  position." 
[Applause.} 

Captain  Cox  here  alluded  to  the  Honorable  gentleman's 
Congressional  career,  but  owing  to  the  noise  and  confusion 
the  reporter  was  unable  to  catch  his  words. 

Then  drawing  forth  the  sash,  Captain  Cox  continued  : 
"Sir,  accompanying  the  sword  is  this  superb  sash,  the  only 
one  of  the  kind  in  the  Union.  It  was  made  expressly  for 
you  and  for  this  occasion,  and  well  typifies  the  taste  of  the 
sunny  South.  Although  it  is  formed  of  a  different  material, 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  25 

and  may  not  appear  as  beautiful  as  some,  yet  I  assure  you, 
it  is  a  very  substantial  one.  And,  believing  you  to  be  a 
man  of  destiny,  I  think  it  indicative  of  the  fate  that  awaits 
you. 

'For  'tis  so,  whether  you  believe  it  or  not, 
Who  is  born  to  be  hanged,  will  never  be  shot.' 

And  from  your  having  passed  through  the  battle  of  Bull 
Run  unscathed,  and  from  the  immense  number  of  shots 
known  to  have  been  fired  on  that  occasion,  it  is  evident  to 
any  man  of  the  commonest  understanding,  that  you  were 
not  born  to  be  shot.  Sir,  accept  this  weapon  ;  regard  it  as 
a  priceless  treasure  ;  bequeath  it  to  your  children  as  a  rich 
legacy,  that  your  children's  children  may  exhibit  it  to  the 
wondering  gaze  of  posterity,  as  a  weapon  earned  by  their 
ancestor  in  the  most  memorable  and  incomprehensible 
battle  in  all  the  nation's  history."  [Applause.] 

Mr.  Ely  received  the  sword  and  sash  with  an  air  of 
becoming  dignity  and  gravity,  and  replied,  in  substance,  as 
follows  : 

"Captain  Cox,  and  gentlemen  of  the  Richmond  Prison 
Association,  I  rise  to  address  you,  on  this  momentous 
occasion,  under  the  influence  of  very  extraordinary  feelings 
and  singular  emotions  about  the  region  of  the  heart.  And 
if  my  accustomed  eloquence  should  now  fail  me,  surrounded 
as  I  am  by  a  group  of  brave  and  generous  warriors,  whose 
sense  of  justice  has  urged  them  to  acknowledge  and 
reward,  in  a  most  munificent  and  appropriate  manner,  my 
prowess  on  the  battlefield,  I  must  beg  the  indulgence  which 
has  been  extended  to  all  fluent  but  bashful  orators,  from 
Demosthenes  downward  to  our  own  illustrious  age. 

4 


26  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

"I  beg  leave  to  thank  you,  most  worthy  Captain,  for 
having  so  sensibly  and  appreciatively  alluded  to  my  cool  but 
resolute  conduct  on  a  very  trying  occasion,  when,  as  I  may 
modestly  say,  I  stood  my  ground,  though  thousands  of  men 
and  horses  took  to  their  heels,  and  left  me,  alone,  sir,  to 
demand  the  surrender  of  the  whole  Confederate  Army. 
And,  through  you,  I  wish  to  convey  to  the  members  of  this 
august  association,  my  grateful  acknowledgements  for  this 
valuable,  unique  and  highly  suggestive  token  of  the  regard 
they  have  for  me;  a  regard  which,  I  confess,  is  very  much 
heightened  by  my  own  deep  sense  of  its  justice.  You 
assure  me,  sir,  of  their  confident  belief  that  I  shall  be  ready 
at  all  times,  more  especially  in  time  of  peace,  to  wield  this 
noble  sword  in  defence  of  our  glorious  Union.  Such  con 
fidence  they  shall  never  have  cause  to  regret  and  withdraw. 
My  past  career  will  justify  me  in  boldly  asserting  this. 
For,  though  it  would  be  unbecoming  in  me  to  claim  un 
merited  honors,  yet  I  will  say  that,  as  a  courageous  civilian, 
I  endured  at  the  battle  of  Bull  Run  a  mental  conflict, 
enough  to  kill  outright  any  ordinary  man ;  such  a  conflict, 
sir,  as  made  the  mere  physical  matters  of  fighting  and 
bleeding  look  very  tame  and  insignificant  in  the  compari 
son;  though,  as  I  admit  the  bias  of  a  soldier's  mind  might 
incline  him  to  think  differently.  If  this  sword,  sir,  had  been 
in  my  grasp  at  that  time,  I  should  have  used  it  as  the  means 
of  expressing  my  feelings  in  a  striking  manner;  and  I  am 
certain  that  I  should  not  only  have  astonished  the  enemy 
but  have  routed  him,  or  brought  him  to  terms.  At  any 
rate,  I  assure  you,  my  trusty  weapon  shall  be  kept  un 
sheathed  during  the  war ;  and  for  all  time  to  come  I  will 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  2~} 

fight  with  it  under  the  glorious  star-spangled  banner,  and 
never  allow  it  to  be  brandished  under  any  other. 

"The  gentleman  in  referring  to  the  peculiar  shape  of  this 
sword,  which,  you  observe,  is  that  of  a  scythe,  said  some 
what  ironically,  if  not  with  a  touch  of  sarcasm,  that  it  was 
well  adapted  to  fighting  from  behind  a  tree;  alluding,  I 
suppose,  to  the  mode  in  which  I  prudently  sheltered  my 
self  from  the  shot  and  shell  of  the  enemy  at  Bull  Run. 

''Now  as  to  that  matter,  it  was  my  ambition,  proved  by 
my  most  active  exertion,  to  follow  the  example  of  the  im 
mortal  Jackson,  and  many  other  men  as  brave  and  disting 
uished  as  myself,  in  appropriating  to  my  use  the  most  con 
venient  and  secure  barricade  which  the  ground  afforded. 
My  .friend,  surely,  did  not  mean  to  insinuate  that  I  took  to 
the  tree  through  cowardice;  for  this  would  be  a  reflection 
on  the  valor  and  discretion  of  some  of  the  grandest  of 
heroes,  as  well  as  a  most  pugnacious  thrust  at  my  own 
well-known  bravery.  If  he  did,  however,  mean  to  touch 
my  sacred  honor,  I  can  only  wonder  at  his  daring;  for  I 
might  well  believe  that  few  men  living  would  venture  on 
so  dangerous  a  thing  as  an  assault  on  me,  while  holding  in 
my  hand  so  terrible  an  instrument  of  vengeance  as  this 
Yankee  sword.  If  the  gentleman,  then,  was  in  earnest,  as 
I  really  hope  he  was  not,  I  shall  be  obliged  to  deal  with 
him  promptly  according  to  the  rules  made  and  provided 
for  such  cases."  ['Tremendous  sensation,  and  voices  calling 
for  pistols  and  coffee  for  two.] 

Captain  Cox  here  very  handsomely  explained,,  saying: 
''lam  sorry  the  gentleman  has  so  construed  my  remarks 
concerning  the  tree,  the  crooked  sword,  and  his  very  sensi 
ble  regard  to  the  instinct  of  self-preservation.  I  certainly 


28  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

meant  nothing  objurgatory;  nothing  to  invite  an  attack 
from  that  awful  sword ;  on  the  contrary,  I  admire  the  gen 
tleman's  prudence  and  discretion  as  shown  at  Bull  Run ; 
for  he  held  possession  of  the  battlefield  after  our  sixteen 
thousand  men  had  fled ;  and  owing  to  his  unacquaintance 
with  the  laws  of  war  relating  to  panics,  he  scorned  to  re 
treat  to  Washington ;  and  with  no  other  weapons  than 
those  which  nature  had  furnished  him,  he  placed  himself 
in  position  behind  a  good-sized  tree,  and  there  stood  as  a 
true  hero,  until,  being  outflanked  by  superior  numbers,  he 
was  compelled,  of  course,  to  surrender.  Far,  very  far  be  it 
from  me  to  reflect  on  the  gentleman's  courage.  On  the 
contrary,  I  will  say  that,  as  a  redoubtable  congressman,  his 
case  is  unparalelled  in  our  country's  history!"  [Cries  of 
"  That's  so."] 

Mr.  Ely  resumed  :  "I  am  sincerely  glad,  for  his  sake, 
and  particularly  for  my  own,  to  hear  the  gentleman's  expla 
nation  ;  inasmuch  as  1  have  myself  a  great  aversion  to 
getting  hurt,  and  on  the  other  hand,  having  never  yet  killed 
anybody,  I  have  no  desire  to  begin  by  annihilating  so 
accomplished  a  tactician.  But,  after  all,  1  think  that  his 
remark,  under  the  light  cast  upon  it  by  the  laws  of  gram 
mar,  good-fellowship  and  gun-powder,  admitted  of  a 
construction  which  I,  as  a  warlike  lawyer  duly  equipped  for 
action,  could  hardly  pass  without  notice.  For,  gentlemen, 
I  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident,  that  my  devotion 
belongs  to  my  God,  my  service  to  my  country,  and  my 
honor  to  myself,  and  this  honor  shall  surely  go  along  with 
this  sword,  the  one  untarnished  and  the  other  unvarnished, 
down  to  the  latest  posterity  of  my  grandchildren. 

"But  aside  from  this,  there  was  also  an  Illusion,  in  the 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  29 

presentation  of  the  sash,  which  occasioned  me  a  very  un 
pleasant  sensation  in  the  neck.  The  gentleman  was  kind 
enough  to  suggest  that  this  article  being  made  of  hemp  was 
indicative  of  the  high  and  conspicuous  position  which  I 
was  some  day  to  attain.  This  notion  of  his  seems,  how 
ever,  to  be  grounded  on  the  idea  that  I  should  obtain  the 
promotion  in  question,  under  the  special  favor  of  the  Con 
federate  Government,  inasmuch  as  in  the  loyal  States  I 
could  have  no  expectation  of  anything  of  the  kind.  Now, 
as  1  should  be  very  unwilling  to  accept  such  a  distinction, 
if  it  were  offered  me  by  any  Government  in  the  world,  the 
gentleman's  anticipations  are  not  likely  to  be  verified.  But 
this  much  I  promise,  viz. :  that  I  will  lay  up  this  hempen 
sash,  and  gladly  loan  it,  whenever  an  occasion  offers  for 
the  rewarding  of  those  who  have  so  abominably  afflicted 
us.  In  the  meantime,  I  beg  you  all  to  believe,  that  I,  Con 
gressman  Ely,  am  not  the  man  to  shrink  from  duty,  what 
ever  may  be  the  valor  of  the  enemy  or  the  state  of  the 
weather.  Armed  with  the  faithful  sword,  I  fear  neither 
friend  nor  foe  —  not  even  the  Confederate  ladies  themselves, 
and  in  years  to  come,  long  after  we  have  cured  the  South 
of  its  present  insanity,  our  children,  I  hope,  will  have  many 
a  tale  to  tell  of  the  potent  effect  which  followed  the  very 
sight  of  this  warlike  instrument,  in  subduing  by  terror  a 
people  who  could  not  be  conquered  by  reason. "  [  Applause  ]. 
On  the  6th  of  October,  our  Surgeon-General  finally  de 
clined  to  send  Calvin  Huson,  Jr.,  home.  The  Richmond 
Enquirer  of  the  same  date,  contained  the  following: 

A  PROMINENT  CIVILIAN  PRISONER. 

Among  the  prisoners  of  war  in  Liggon's  Tobacco  Factory,  Prison 
No.  i,  at  Rocketts',  is  Calvin  Huson,  Jr.,  of  Rochester,  New  York, 
who  was  captured  near  the  battlefield  of  Bull  Run,  in  the  carriage  of 


30  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

Congressman  Ely,  who  is  also  a  prisoner  of  war  in  the  same  ware 
house.  Mr.  Huson  was  the  opponent  of  Mr.  Ely  for  the  position  of 
Representative  of  the  Rochester  district  in  Congress,  and  was  defeated, 
by  the  latter  after  an  animated  contest.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  some  dis 
tinction,  and  was  formerly  district-attorney  of  the  city  of  Rochester. 
He  is  said  to  have  been  present  on  the  battlefield  through  motives  of 
humanity  to  certain  members  of  the  Regiment  from  the  district  in 
which  he  resides.  Mr.  Huson  is  now  quite  ill  of  typhoid  fever,  and 
has  been  so  for  several  weeks  past.  He  is  kindly  cared  for,  both  by 
our  surgeons  and  Mr.  Ely,  who  is  his  constant  attendant. 

Mr.  Huson  continually  grew  worse,  and  on  the  8th  inst, 
Captain  Gibbs,  then  in  charge  of  the  prisoners,  went  to  the 
prison  with  an  order  from  the  Secretary  of  War,  directing 
the  removal  of  Mr.  Huson.  The  Captain  also  stated  that  as 
it  would  be  attended  by  some  expense,  it  would  be  neces 
sary  to  know  if  Mr.  Huson  had  funds  with  him  to  defray 
it.  Mr.  Ely  assured  the  Captain  that  he  would  take  the 
responsibility  of  attending  to  that  matter  himself.  The 
following  day,  Mr.  Huson  was  removed  to  the  house  of 
Mrs,  John  Van  Lew,  a  wealthy  resident  of  Richmond.  He 
was  required  to  give  his  parole,  not  to  depart  from  the 
city,  on  his  recovery,  without  the  consent  of  the  Confeder 
ate  Government.  He  signed  this  in  bed,  and  it  was  the 
last  time  he  ever  wrote  his  name.  Mr.  Ely  secured  the  pa 
role  of  his  nurse,  Private  Francis  E.  Clark,  and  sent  him  to 
the  house  to  continue  his  duties,  as  he  had  proved  so  faith 
ful  to  him  while  in  prison.  Mr.  Huson  became  weaker  and 
weaker,  day  by  day,  until  the  morning  of  the  i4th.  The 
following  taken  from  the  Journal  of  Mr.  Ely  explains  itself. 

"This  morning  while  at  breakfast,  one  of  the  Lieuten 
ants  (J.  T.  W.  Hairston)  called  me  to  see  a  lady  in  a  car 
riage  at  the  door.  I  went  immediately  and  was  introduced 
by  the  Lieutenant  to  Miss  Van  Lew,  whom  I  at  once  recog- 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  }l 

nized  as  the  same  lady  who  had  visited  our  quarters  on  the 
second  day  after  our  arrival.  She  informed  me  that  Mr. 
Huson  was  at  her  mother's  house.  I  discovered  that  she 
was  in  tears  ;  she  immediately  spoke  and  said,  'I  have  bad 
news  to  tell  you.'  'Mr.  Huson  is  not  dead!'  said  I. 
'No,'  she  replied,  'but  I  do  not  think  it  possible  for 
him  to  live  ;  he  is  insensible  and  has  been  most  of  the 
night,  and  I  wish  you  would  come  up  to  the  house.'  She 
immediately  rode  away  and  I  returned  to  my  quarters  to 
prepare  to  go.  I  waited  about  twenty  minutes  for  Captain 
Gibbs  to  accompany  me,  and  as  I  was  going  from  the  door, 
a  messenger  came  from  Mrs.  Van  Lew  with  the  mournful 
message  that  Mr.  Huson  was  dead  !  On  my  arrival  at  the 
house,  I  was  conducted  to  his  room,  and  lo  !  before  me  lay 
the  lifeless  form  of  my  friend,  cold  in  death.  Mrs.  Van 
Lew,  Miss  Van  Lew,  Francis  E.  Clark,  the  nurse,  Captain 
G.  C.  Gibbs,  Confederate  States  Army,  and  myself,  were 
present.  I  remained  at  the  house,  to  assist  and  advise  in 
regard  to  the  details  for  the  funeral  and  burial,  being  his 
nearest  friend  in  a  strange  land.  I  directed  the  undertaker 
to  procure  a  metallic  coffin,  so  that  his  body  could  be  re 
moved  at  any  time,  as  in  all  probability  his  family  might 
wish  this  done  at  some  future  day.  The  funeral  services 
were  conducted  by  Rev.  John  F.  Mines,  pastor  of  Grace 
Church,  Bath,  Maine,  and  also  a  prisoner  of  war." 

On  the  1 5th,  Mr.  Ely  wrote  to  the  bereaved  family 
of  Mr.  Huson,  giving  in  detail  an  account  of  his  illness  and 
death,  and  on  the  5th  of  November,  Rev.  Mr.  Mines  wrote 
to  Mrs.  Huson,  stating,  in  brief,  the  illness,  death  and 
burial  of  her  husband.  As  there  were  several  Free  Masons 
among  the  prisoners,  and  Mr.  Huson  being  a  member  of 


32  RICHMOND    PRISONS  ^ 

that  order,*  it  was  decided  to  draw  up  resolutions  to  be 
forwarded  to  the  Lodge  of  which  he  was  a  member.  On 
the  1 9th  of  October,  the  Richmond  Prison  Association  was 
called  to  order  by, the  President,  Hon.  Alfred  Ely,  and  on 
motion  of  Captain  Manson  of  New  York  it  was  ordered 
that  the  chairman  appoint  a  committee  of  three  members  to 
draft  and  present  a  set  of  resolutions  on  the  death  of  the 
late  brother  and  fellow-prisoner.  The  resolutions  were 
drawn  up,  presented  and  accepted,  and  it  was  ordered  that 
a  copy  be  forwarded  to  the  bereaved  family  and  that  they 
be  published  in  Northern  journals. 

On  Saturday,  the  i9th  of  October,  there  arrived  at  the 
prison  three  additional  prisoners  of  war,  taken  on  ship 
board.  One  of  them  was  Acting  Lieutenant  William  A. 
Abbott  of  Andover,  Massachusetts,!  who  was  in  charge  of 
the  prize  schooner  "George  T.  Baker,"  bound  for  New 
York,  and  on  the  8th  of  August  was  captured  by  the 
Privateer  "York"  and  brought  to  Norfolk,  where  he 
remained  in  jail  until  removed  to  Richmond.  Another  was 
Captain  Isaac  W.  Hart  of  Attica,  Indiana,  and  Quarter 
master  of  the  2Oth  Regiment  from  that  State.  He  was  on 
board  of  the  propeller  "Fanny,"  laden  with  stores  for  the 
troops,  and  bound  for  Chicomocomico,  where  he  was 
captured  by  "Commodore"  Lynch  in  charge  of  a  squadron 
of  three  vessels.  The  other  was  Lieutenant  Francois  M. 
Peacock  of  Macao,  China,  who  was  in  charge  of  the 
"Fanny"  when  she  was  captured.  This  gentleman  is 
entitled  to  a  passing  remark.  His  father  was  a  native  of 
Albany,  New  York,  and  formerly  followed  the  sea.  He 

*  A  Royal-Arch  Mason  of  distinguished  standing. 

|  To  whom  the  author  is  indebted  for  the  sketch  of  the  prison. 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  33 

finally  engaged  in  commercial  business  at  Macao,  China, 
and  here  Francois  M.  was  born.  He  was,  at  the  time  of 
his  capture,  about  twenty-nine>  years  of  age.  For  three 
years  he  had  commanded  a  Siamese  war  cruiser,  and  in 
1856  he  accompanied  the  Siamese  embassy  to  England. 
His  father  was  connected  with  the  coolie  trade,  and  early  in 
February,  1861,  shipped  a  cargo  of  his  human  freight  to 
Havana  in  charge  of  his  son.  Before  his  departure,  his 
father  instructed  him  to  enlist  in  the  United  States  Army  if 
he  ascertained  on  his  arrival  in  Cuba  that  war  had  broken 
out.  But  eight  days  before  he  sailed  his  father  died,  leaving 
him  a  large  inheritance.  He,  nevertheless,  started  on  his 
voyage,  and  arrived  in  Havana  after  a  passage  of  nearly 
four  months.  Having  disposed  of  his  cargo  and  arranged 
his  business  he  came  to  New  York  with  full  knowledge 
that  war  had  broken  out,  and  enlisted  in  Colonel  Bartlett's 
Naval  Brigade,  under  a  promise  of  a  commission.  The 
brigade  failed  in  completing  its  organization,  and  on  the 
26th  of  May  he  again  enlisted  in  ''Hawkins's  Zouaves,"  and 
went  upon  the  expedition  under  Commodore  Stringham, 
who  captured  Fort  Hatteras.  Soon  after  he  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  ''Fanny"  and  was  captured  and  detained. 
He  was  both  a  Yankee  and  a  Chinaman,  and  a  pretty  good 
type  of  both,  whenever  he  chose  to  represent  the  different 
nationalities.  He  was  much  toasted  among  the  prisoners, 
and  contributed  much  to  their  amusement.  He  came  to  aid 
the  Republic  in  the  hour  of  her  need,  and  will  be  immor 
talized  for  his  many  deeds  of  noble  daring.* 

*  It  appears  that  the  above  mentioned  Peacock  was  not  what  he  seemed,  but  a  mere 
sailor  who  tried,  and  to  a  great  extent  at  the  time  succeeded,  to  palm  himself  off  as  a 
wealthy  merchant's  son.  He  evidently  imposed  on  every  one  who  would  be  imposed 
upon,  and  it  is  stated  that  several  hundred  dollars  was  received  by  him  from  those 
who  desired  to  assist  him.  To  settle  all  questions  as  to  whether  he  was  a  Lieutenant 
as  claimed,  the  author  has  received  the  following  from  the  War  Department : 

5 


34  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

The  following  verses  on  the  battle  of  Bull  Run  are  taken 
from  Mr.  Ely's  journal,  and  were  written  in  prison  : 

MANASSAS. 

BY    J.    A.,    1 2th    OHIO    REGIMENT. 

SINCE  the  day  of  the  battle,  when  guns  began  to  rattle, 
Our  beds  have  been  made  on  the  hard  prison  floor, 

But  we  hope  that  our  friend  "  Uncle  Abe,"  will  soon  send 
McClellan  or  Butler  to  open  the  door. 

We  have  patiently  borne  the  contempt  and  the  scorn, 

The  insults  and  jeers  of  a  rascally  crew, 
But  we'll  teach  them  a  trick  that  will  make  them  feel  sick, 

And  the  "  Act  of  Secession"  they  will  bitterly  rue. 

When  the  nations  shall  hear  such  a  thundering  cheer, 
When  the  flag  of  the  "  Union"  we'll  fling  to  the  breeze, 

Then  will  Davis  be  routed  and  Beauregard  scouted, 
And  treason  be  banished  far  over  the  seas. 

What's  the  use  of  our  sighing  or  foolishly  crying, 

'Tis  patience  above  that  can  alter  our  case, 
Let  us  hope  for  the  best,  trust  God  for  the  rest, 

Sing  a  song,  and  bravely  stare  fate  in  the  face. 

Though  fate  went  against  us  and  sorely  oppressed  us, 

By  leaving  us  here  in  the  prison  to  die, 
We  can  laugh  at  our  foes  and  turn  up  our  nose, 

While  their  stars  and  their  bars  we  scorn  and  defy. 

Although  they  board  us,  they  barely  afford  us 

As  much  meat  as  a  butcher  would  throw  to  a  dog, 

But  provisions  are  dear,  and  their  "plasters,"*  I  hear, 
Are  not  worth  their  weight  in  potatoes  or  hog. 

WAK  DEPARTMENT — RECORD  OF  PENSION  DIVISION. 

WASHINGTON,  April  17111,  1890. 
Respectfully  returned  to  William  II.  Jeffrey,  Manchester,  N.  H. 

The  records  show  that  Francois  M.  Peacock  was  Sergeant-Major  of  the  yth  New 
York  Volunteers;  was  captured  at  Pamlico,  October  21  st,  1861,  on  board  the  steamer 
"  Fanny,"  and  was  released  January  29th,  1862. 

By  authority  of  Secretary  of  War, 

F.  C.  AINSWORTII, 

Captain  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  United  States  Army. 

For  further  details  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  sketch  by  Lieutenant  William  A. 
Abbott. 

*"  Plasters,"  a  name  given  Confederate  money  by  the  "Yankees," 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  35 

When  the  battle  was  over  they  rushed  from  their  cover, 
And  gallantly  charged  on  the  wounded  and  lame, 

And  the  ambulance  car  was  a  trophy  of  war 

That  would  tinge  the  dark  cheek  of  a  savage  with  shame. 

They  may  boast  as  they  please  how  they  captured  with  ease, 
The  "  Yankees  "  who  fought  at  Manassas  that  day, 

But  they  know  very  well,  if  the  truth  they  would  tell, 
That  thev  lost  two  to  one  in  that  bloody  affray. 

LIGGON  TOBACCO  FACTORY, 
RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA,  August,  1861. 


The  following  selection  is  taken  from  "The  Stars  and 
Stripes  in  Rebellion,"  a  paper  printed  in  South  Carolina  and 
Parish  Prison,  New  Orleans. 

THE   RACES. 

"     BY    VICTOR,    TRUMONSVILLE,    DARLINGTON,    SOUTH    CAROLINA. 
Tune  :  "  Maid  of  Monterey  " 

The  great  Manassas  races,  the  greatest  of  the  year, 
With  eighty  thousand  cases  of  panic-stricken  fear, 

Were  run  one  Sabbath  evening,  and  the  succeeding  night, 
With  speed  beyond  believing,  impelled  by  dread  of  fight. 

Their  cannon  were  deserted,  their  guns  were  thrown  away, 
And  as  by  all  asserted,  they  ran  'till  break  of  day; 

Left  wounded,  dead  and  dying,  all  strewed  upon  the  ground, 
And  never  stopped  their  flying  'till  Washington  they  found, 

A  certain  Mister  Ely,  a  member  of  the  hump, 

Who  ran  a  while  too  freely,  then  hid  behind  a  stump, 

Came  out  to  see  the  battle,  nor  dreamed  of  such  a  rout, 
His  teeth  began  to  rattle  when  Mullin  pulled  him  out. 

Another  Legislator,  and  Gurley  was  his  name, 
Who  ran  a  little  later,  but  not  with  equal  fame, 

Seized  on  another's  bridle,  as  he  drove  on  to  town, 

But  'twas  no  time  to  idle,  the  driver  knocked  him  down. 

The  Generals  and  Colonels  were  foremost  in  the  run ; 
Scared  by  the  masked  infernals,  they  fled  for  Arlington, 


}6  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

Leaving  their  troops  behind  them  to  come  as  best  they  could, 
Or  let  the  rebels  find  them,  or  slay  them  if  they  would. 

The  cavalry  rode  freely,  went  dashing  over  men, 
But  not  so  fast  as  Greeley,  as  one  is  less  than  ten ; 

The  Long  Bridge  they  were  crossing,  a  little  after  night, 
And  everything  went  tossing  that  intercepted  flight. 

At  Centerville  the  rally  was  but  a  moment  long, 

A  rebel  picket  sally,  about  a  hundred  strong. 
Was  made  with  much  shouting,  twelve  furloughs  back  behind, 

Which  issued  in  the  routing  of  every  sort  and  kind. 

The  stand  they  made  at  Fairfax  a  little  longer  still, 
But  here  again  was  blasted  their  little  stock  of  will ; 

They  scampered,  all  affrighted,  and  scarcely  looked  behind, 
With  every  prospect  blighted  and  all  of  hope  resigned. 

"The  Kangaroo"  was  waiting  to  hear  the  battle  gained, 
With  infernal  wine  inflated,  with  black  dishonor  stained. 

Then  sunk  below  cold  zero,  when  mercury  grows  hard, 
A  bogus  Western  hero,  whom  all  should  now  discard. 

October  24th,  several  prominent  men  visited  the  prison, 
and  among  them  was  the  late  vice-president,  John  C. 
Breckinridge,  and  Hon.  James  Lyons,  Confederate  Com 
missioner  at  Richmond.  Mr.  Breckinridge  had  an  inter 
view  with  the  Hon.  Mr.  Ely  and  volunteered  to  say  that  he 
should  take  the  liberty  to  suggest  to  the  Secretary  of  War, 
Mr.  Benjamin,  to  allow  him  (Mr.  Ely)  to  go  home,  when 
ever  there  would  be  any  released  prisoners  sent,  as  he  sup 
posed  there  would  be  soon. 

There  arrived  at  the  prison  on  this  date  the  prisoners  who 
were  taken  at  the  battle  of  Leesburgh  (Balls  Bluff)  Octo 
ber  2 1  st.  There  were  twenty-one  commissioned  officers, 
and  six  hundred  and  fifty-seven  non-commissioned  officers 
and  privates. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  the  officers  and  their 
respective  commands : 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  37 

Colonel  \V.  Raymond  Lee,  Boston,  2oth  Regiment  Massachusetts 
Volunteers. 

Colonel  Milton  Cogswell,  United  States  Army,  New  York  Tam 
many  Regiment. 

Major  Paul  J.  Revere,  Boston,  2oth  Massachusetts  Regiment. 

Adjutant  Charles  L.  Pearson,  Salem,  2oth  Massachusetts  Regiment. 

Surgeon  E.  H.  R.  Revere,  Boston,  2oth  Massachusetts  Regiment. 

Captain  Francis  J.  Keffer,  Philadelphia,  ist  California  Regiment. 

Captain  John  Markoe,  Philadelphia,  ist  California  Regiment. 

Captain  Timothy  O'Meara,  New  York,  Tammany  Regiment. 

Captain  John  M.  Studley,  Worcester,  i5th  Massachusetts  Regiment. 

Captain  Henry  Bowman,  Clinton,  i5th  Massachusetts  Regiment. 

Captain  Clark  Simmonds,  Fitchburg,  i5th  Massachuselts  Regiment. 

Captain  George  W.  Rockwood,  Leominister,  I5th  Massachusetts 
Regiment. 

First  Lieutenant  J.  S.  Green,  North  Brookfield,  151)1  Massachusetts 
Regiment. 

First  Lieutenant  J.  Harris  Hooker,  ,  i5th  Massachusetts 

Regiment. 

First  Lieutenant  George  B.  Perry,  Boston,  2oth  Massachusetts 
Regiment. 

First  Lieutenant  Samuel  Gibson,  New  York,  Tammany  Regiment. 

First  Lieutenant  William  C.  Harris,  Philadelphia,  ist  California 
Regiment. 

First  Lieutenant  W.  H.  Kernes,  Philadelphia,  ist  California  Regi 
ment. 

First  Lieutenant  George  W.  Kenney,  Philadelphia,  ist  California 
Regiment. 

First  Lieutenant  Charles  McPhearson,  New  York,  Tammany 
Regiment. 

Second  Lieutenant  B.  B.  Vassall,  Oxford,  i5th  Massachusetts 
Regiment. 

Second  Lieutenant  Frank  A.  Parker,  Philadelphia,  ist  California 
Regiment. 

Second  Lieutenant  Charles  M.  Hooper,  Philadelphia,  ist  California 
Regiment. 

Second  Lieutenant  Henry  Van  Voast,  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey, 
New  York  Tammany  Regiment. 

The  battle  of  Ball's  Bluff  stands  forth  to-day  in  history  as 
one  of  the  most  severe  in  the  whole  conflict.  Colonel 
Baker  with  his  little  force  of  only  sixteen  hundred  men 


38  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

stood  the  fire  of  more  than  twice  their  number  from  early 
morning  until  late  at  night.  When  our  troops  were  cut  to 
pieces,  and  the  gallant  Colonel  Baker  had  fallen,  Colonel 
Milton  Cogswell  assumed  command  and  ordered  them  to 
throw  their  arms  into  the  river  and  escape  as  best  they 
could. 

There  is  an  incident  worthy  of  recording  here  as  it  con 
tains  nearly  the  last  words  ever  spoken  by  Colonel  Baker. 
When  Colonel  Cogswell  arrived  upon  the  field  of  battle, 
Colonel  Baker  approached  him  and  taking  him  by  both 
hands,  said,  "Colonel,  one  blast  from  your  bugle  horn  is 
worth  a  thousand  soldiers." 

October  27th,  Sunday,  at  an  early  hour  General  Winder 
and  Captain  Gibbs  called  at  the  prison. 

October  29th,  there  was  a  rumor  at  the  prison  that  Colo 
nel  Michael  Corcoran,  a  prisoner  of  war  at  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  had  been  shot,  but  the  rumor  proved  to  be 
groundless. 

On  the  evening  of  the  3Oth,  the  Richmond  Prison  Asso 
ciation  met  and  held  a  most  interesting  and  dignified  ses 
sion.  The  object  of  the  meeting  was  to  introduce  to  mem 
bership  the  officers  who  were  captured  at  Ball's  Bluff  on 
the  2 1  st. 

Edward  Taylor,  Esq.,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  a  befitting 
speech  introduced  Colonel  W.  Raymond  Lee  and  the  offi 
cers  of  his  command,  who  all  stood  in  front  of  the  chair 
during  the  address.  Colonel  Lee  replied  in  a  dignified  and 
handsome  manner,  and  alluded  to  the  cordial  greeting  and 
friendship  with  which  he  and  his  associates  had  been  re 
ceived  since  their  arrival.  Colonel  Milton  Cogswell  and 
the  officers  of  his  command  next  arose  and  were  intro- 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  39 

duced  by  Chaplain  Mines  of  the  2nd  Maine  Regiment. 
The  Colonel  replied  with  eloquence  and  grace.  Lieutenant 
Dickinson  introduced  Captain  Bowman  and  officers  of  the 
1 5th  Massachusetts  Regiment  in  a  brief  speech,  to  which 
Captain  Bowman  responded.  Lieutenant  Church  of  Com 
pany  E,  2nd  Rhode  Island  Regiment,  introduced  Captain 
Markoe  and  Captain  KefTer  replied.  Surgeon  William  B. 
Fletcher  of  the  6th  Indiana  Regiment  introduced  the  naval 
officer  present,  applauding  that  branch  of  the  Government 
service,  to  which  Quarter-Master  Isaac  W.  Hart  in  appro 
priate  terms  responded.  Captain  Thomas  Cox  introduced 
Lieutenant  (?)  Francois  M.  Peacock  of  Macao,  China,  in  an 
amusing  speech,  creating  great  merriment.  He  responded 
in  a  very  humorous  manner  and  closed  up  the  performance 
by  narrating,  in  a  droll  style,  the  incident  of  his  capture  on 
board  of  the  United  States  transport,  ''Fanny,"  at  which 
the  whole  association  was  convulsed  in  laughter. 

November  2nd,  rumor  had  it  that  more  prisoners  were 
to  be  sent  south,  early  the  following  week.  The  newspa 
pers  of  the  morning  of  November  6th,  announced  that  five 
hundred  letters  for  prisoners  had  arrived  at  the  Richmond 
postoffice. 

November  9th,  the  news  of  the  trial  of  the  Savannah  pri 
vateer  in  Philadelphia  and  the  conviction  of  Smith,  one  of 
the  number,  for  piracy,  created  great  excitement  among  the 
officers,  as  Jefferson  Davis,  in  his  message  to  the  Confeder- 
erate  Congress  in  July,  had  proposed  that,  if  these  priva 
teers  were  sacrificed,  the  act  should  be  retaliated  upon  the 
Federal  prisoners. 

On  the  following  day  a  most  exciting  and  painful  scene 
occurred  among  the  officers.  In  the  morning  Brigadier- 


40  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

General  John  H.  Winder,  accompanied  by  his  staff,  entered 
the  officers'  quarters  and  requested  them  to  assemble.  He 
told  them  that  he  had  been  directed  by  the  Secretary  of 
War  to  execute  the  order  he  held  in  his  hand,  which  he 
would  read.  It  was  as  follows  : 

CONFEDERATE  STATES  OF  AMERICA,  WAR  DEPARTMENT, 

RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA,  November  9th,  1861. 

SIR  :  —  You  are  hereby  instructed  to  choose  by  lot  from  among  the 
prisoners  of  war  of  highest  rank  one  who  is  to  be  confined  in  a  cell 
appropriate  to  convicted  felons,  and  who  is  to  be  treated  in  all  respects 
as  if  such  convict,  and  to  hold  for  execution  in  the  same  manner  as 
may  be  adopted  by  the  enemy  for  the  execution  of  the  prisoner  of 
war  Smith,  condemned  to  death  in  Philadelphia. 

You  will  also  select  thirteen  other  prisoners  of  war,  the  highest  in 
rank  of  those  captured  by  our  forces,  to  be  confined  in  the  cells 
reserved  for  prisoners  accused  of  infamous  crimes  and  will  treat  them 
as  such  as  long  as  the  enemy  shall  continue  so  to  treat  the  like  number 
of  prisoners  of  war  captured  by  them  at  sea,  and  now  held  by  them  for 
trial  in  New  York  as  pirates. 

As  these  measures  are  intended  to  repress  the  infamous  attempt 
now  made  by  the  enemy  to  commit  judicial  murder  on  prisoners  of 
war,  you  will  execute  this  strictly  as  the  mode  best  calculated  to 
prevent  the  commission  of  so  heinous  a  crime. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

J.  P.  BENJAMIN, 

Acting  Secretary  of  War. 
To  Brigadier-General  John  H.   Winder. 

The  following  in  regard  to  the  above  is  from  ^  Ely's 
Journal  in  Richmond,"  under  date  of  November  loth  : 

" After  the  reading  of  this  order,  he  (General  Winder) 
delivered  to  Colonel  W.  Raymond  Lee  of  tbe  2Oth  Massa 
chusetts  Regiment  six  slips  of  paper,  upon  which  were 
written  the  names  of  the  six  Federal  Colonels  now  held  as 
prisoners  of  war  by  the  Confederates,  and  requested  him  to 
open  each  and  see  that  the  names  of  the  Colonels  were 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  4! 

upon  the  papers.  Colonel  Lee  for  the  moment  declined, 
but  General  Winder  insisted. 

"When  he  read  the  name  on  each  paper  he  folded  and 
placed  it  in  a  tin  tube  nearly  a  foot  long  and  only  large 
enough  to  admit  the  hand.  After  shaking  up  the  ballots, 
General  Winder  requested  me  to  draw  from  the  case  a  bal 
lot  and  the  Colonel  whose  name  was  drawn  would  be  the 
one  who  should  stand  as  hostage  for  the  privateer  Smith, 
now  condemned  to  death  in  Philadelphia.  This  I  declined 
to  do  except  at  the  instance  and  request  of  the  officers. 
The  unpleasant  duty,  so  suddenly  imposed  on  me  in  pres 
ence  of  the  deeply  interested  array  of  military  men,  pro 
duced  a  most  thrilling  feeling  of  regret  and  pain ;  and  I 
would  gladly  have  been  spared  the  unwelcome  task,  called 
upon  as  I  was  to  draw  lots  for  one  among  the  six  brave  and 
gallant  officers  who  had  fought  the  battles  of  his  country, 
and  who  would  have  to  be  removed  from  his  compara 
tively  comfortable  quarters  to  a  felon's  dungeon  ;  there  to 
suffer  and  stand  as  a  pledge  to  die  in  case  of  the  execution 
of  a  condemned  pirate. 

"Our  own  officers  consented,  however,  and  I  proceeded 
to  draw  the  lot.  It  fell  upon  Colonel  Michael  Corcoran,  now 
in  Castle  Pinkney  as  a  prisoner  of  war.  The  Colonel  was 
my  messmate  and  intimate  friend  before  he  had  been  trans 
ferred  from  Richmond  to  South  Carolina,  and  great  was  my 
regret  at  finding  that  I  had  been  the  innocent  cause  of  thus 
adding  to  his  misfortune.  I  was  selected  for  the  painful 
duty,  it  would  seem,  because,  not  being  a  military  man,  I 
was  considered  the  most  appropriate  person  to  do  it. 

"Next  came  the  selecting  of  the  thirteen  to  stand  as  hos 
tages  for  the  Savannah  privateers,  and  as  there  were  only  ten 
6 


42  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

field  officers  left  in  the  hands  of  Confederates,  it  became 
necessary  to  draw  lots  for  the  three  Captains  and  of  the 
whole  number,  then  fifteen,  in  their  hands.  These  were 
drawn  in  like  manner  from  the  tin  case,  after  the  name  of 
each  Captain  had  been  placed  in  it. 

"I  drew  as  before,  and  the  lots  fell  upon  Captain  J.  B. 
Ricketts,  Captain  J.  W.  Rockwood  and  Captain  H.  W. 
McQuade.  Close  by  my  side  stood  Captain  Cox  of  Ohio, 
who,  when  the  ballot  was  drawn  with  Captain  McQuade's 
name  upon  it,  stepped  forward  and  said,  '  General  Winder, 
place  my  name  upon  your  list  in  place  of  Captain  McQuade. ' 
The  General  replied,  'I  have  no  authority  to  do  so,  sir.' 
This  noble  action  on  the  part  of  Captain  Cox  won  for  him 
the  applause  of  his  fellow  officers  and  entitled  him  to  be 
remembered  by  the  suffering  soldiers.  Captain  Ricketts 
and  Captain  McQuade  were  thrown  out  by  the  Secretary 
of  War,  as  they  were  wounded,  and  another  drawing  was 
ordered.  Accordingly,  Captain  Thomas  Cox  was  selected 
to  draw  the  lots,  which  resulted  in  the  selection  of  Captain 
Browman  and  Captain  Keffer.  The  officers  selected  were 
taken  to  Henrico  County  Jail  on  the  following  day." 

Mr.  Ely,  in  writing  of  the  way  in  which  Colonel  Michael 
Corcoran  would  receive  the  news  of  his  being  selected  as 
hostage  for  Smith,  says,  "When  the  mandate  reaches  Colo 
nel  Corcoran  for  his  removal  to  close  confinement  in  Charles 
ton  Jail,  and  he  is  told  that  he  is  a  hostage  for  the  life  of  a 
miserable  pirate,  a  contemptuous  smile  will  steal  over  his 
countenance,  and  he  will  remark,  'Gentlemen,  our  turn  by 
and  bye. ' 

November  i  sth,  it  was  stated  that  the  officers  and  pri 
vates  were  to  be  sent  to  Tuscaloosa,  Alabama,  and  to  Salis- 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  43 

bury,  North  Carolina.  The  scene  of  preparation  for  de 
parture  from  the  rooms  above  was  touching  indeed.  When 
morning  dawned,  the  men  emptied  their  ticks  of  straw, 
tied  them  over  their  shoulders,  gathered  up  what  little  traps 
they  had  and  formed  into  line,  many  of  them  without  shoes, 
some  without  stockings,  and  not  a  few  compelled  to  sub 
stitute  their  drawers  for  pantaloons.  But  before  leaving 
they  sang  "Hail  Columbia"  and  the  "Star  Spangled  Ban 
ner,"  gave  three  hearty  cheers  for  the  Union,  and,  with 
tears  streaming  down  many  a  cheek,  the  fellows  started  on 
their  march  of  fifteen  hundred  miles  further  into  the  enemy's 
country. 

November  i6th,  the  Richmond  Prison  Association  held  a 
meeting,  when  Captain  Todd  of  the  Lincoln  Cavalry,  re 
cently  captured  and  sent  there  from  the  Potomac,  was  pre 
sented  for  membership  in  a  speech  by  Quartermaster  Hart, 
to  which  Captain  Todd  briefly  replied. 

November  i7th,  it  was  reported  that  Mason  and  Slidell, 
the  Confederate  Commissioners  to  England  and  France,  had 
been  captured,  and  on  the  i8th  the  Richmond  papers  sub 
stantiated  the  news  and  also  said  that  Mr.  Eustis,  late 
United  States  Member  of  Congress  from  Louisiana,  and  Mr. 
McFarland,  private  secretaries  of  the  commissioners,  were 
also  captured. 

November  2oth,  the  Sergeant  gave  notice  that  more  of 
the  prisoners  were  to  go  South  three  days  later. 

November  22nd,  twenty-one  officers  and  one  hundred 
and  fifty  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates  left  the 
prison  for  Tuscaloosa.  The  officers  were  as  follows  : 

Captain  W.  L.  Bowers. 
Captain  Thomas  Cox,  Jr. 


44  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

Chaplain  James  Dense. 
Captain  Timothy  O'Meara. 
Lieutenant  E.  W.  Hale. 
Lieutenant  [  ?  ]  F.  M.  Peacock. 
Lieutenant  F.  T.  Sheffer. 
Lieutenant  Charles  Gilman. 
Lieutenant  Isaac  M.  Church. 
Lieutenant  James  Gannon. 
Lieutenant  S.  R.  Knight. 
Lieutenant  George  B.  Keniston. 
Lieutenant  S.  B.  Preston. 
Lieutenant  William  H.  Clark. 
Lieutenant  John  Baglej. 
Lieutenant  Frank  A.  Parker. 
Lieutenant  John  K.  Skinner. 
Lieutenant  Samuel  Irwin. 
Lieutenant  S.  B.  Kittredge. 
Lieutenant  James  Farran. 

Among  the  many  who  deserve  a  passing  remark  is 
Lieutenant  Isaac  W.  Hart,  author  of  the  now  famous  Pris 
oner's  Song.  He  was  always  ready  for  a  harmless  frolic, 
could  tell  a  good  story  or  cleverly  sing  a  song,  and  did 
much  to  shorten  the  dull  hours  of  prison  life.  His  warm 
hearted  feelings  toward  his  fellow-prisoners  were  displayed, 
not  only  in  contributing  to  their  amusement,  but  in  exciting 
in  the  loyal  States  such  public  sympathy  as  would  tend  to 
the  relief  of  those  in  confinement.  As  an  illustration  of 
this  1  will  insert  the  following  communication  from  him  to 
the  Washington  Star  : 

OUR    SOLDIERS    AT    RICHMOND. 

Editor  of  the  Star,   Washington,  D.  C.  : 

The  object  of  this  communication  is  to  call  the  attention  of  jour 
numerous  readers  to  the  condition  of  the  Federal  prisoners  of  war  at 
this  point,  for  every  sympathetic  emotion  is  called  up  when  we  behold 
from  day  to  day  their  entire  destitution  and  suffering.  I  have  been 
frequently  inquired  of  by  the  pale,  sickly,  half-clad  and  heart-broken 
soldiers,  away  from  home  and  in  prison  in  an  enemy's  land  :  "  When 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  45 

will  our  Government  send  us  some  clothing  and  blankets?  Do  you 
know,  Lieutenant?"  And  then  I  have  heard  them  despondingly  add  : 
"  If  our  parents  knew  how  we  suffered  here  they  would  send  to  our 
relief,  but  I  suppose  they  think  that  the  Government  will  see  to  it." 
Looking  at  their  rags  they  would  sometimes  say:  "I  was  not  accus 
tomed  to  these  things  at  my  father's  house,"  and  I  have  often  seen  the 
tears  trickle  down  their  cheeks. 

It  was  by  these  oft-repeated  scenes,  so  feebly  described,  that  the 
noble-hearted  Ely  was  prompted  to  make  the  proposition  which  is 
contained  in  the  Enquirer  of  this  morning,  and  which  is  as  follows  : 
"The  Yankee  prisoners  of  war  in  this  city  are  beginning  to  feel  the 
want  of  proper  clothing.  Congressman  Ely  has  very  generously 
offered  of  his  private  means,  which  are  quite  ample,  the  amount 
necessary  to  purchase  clothing;  but  his  fellow  prisoners  decline  to 
permit  him  to  do  that  which  their  Government  should  long  since  have 
recognized  as  a  binding  duty." 

This  notice  states  that  they  refused  it  because  they  love  their 
country,  and  as  they  have  volunteered  in  her  service,  they  still  believe 
she  would  come  to  their  relief.  Still  they  suffer  on.  I  use  the  term 
half-clad,  and  it  is  not  an  exaggeration.  I  have  seen  them  without 
shoes,  socks,  shirts,  coats,  caps  or  hats,  and  in  some  instances  only 
drawers  for  pants.  They  are  dirty  and  pale  from  long  confinement. 
I  have  seen  hundreds  of  them  started  South  to  other  quarters,  exposed 
to  the  gaze  of  curious  and  excited  crowds  and  receiving  the  mild 
appellation  of  ^Hessians," 

Now,  as  generous  as  the  proposition  of  the  Hon.  Mr.  Ely  was,  it 
would  have  gone  but  a  small  way  in  meeting  the  demands  of  the 
present  number  of  prisoners  here.  The  Confederate  soldiers  are 
supplied  with  all  their  necessaries  by  home  contributions. 

To  refer  to  Mr.  Ely  once  more,  I  wish  he  was  at  his  post  in  the 
"House  of  Congress"  this  day,  for  I  feel  confident  that  he  could 
present  the  case  in  its  proper  light,  and  in  such  a  manner  as  would 
cause  the  whole  heart  of  the  people  to  throb  in  sympathy  with  the 
poor  prisoners  and  institute  a  system  of  exchange  at  once,  which,  as 
viewed  from  this  stand-point,  every  principle  of  justice  and  humanity 
seems  to  demand.  Of  the  first  prisoners  sent  by  the  Confederates, 
seventy  were  promptly  exchanged  by  our  Government.  Last  week 
five  were  sent  by  the  Federal  Government  and  were  promptly 
responded  to  by  the  Confederate  Government.  Now,  Sir,  this  prin 
ciple,  applied  and  carried  out,  would  exchange  every  man  of  us  at 
once.  Three  thousand  men  have  their  eyes  turned  to  the  Govern 
ment,  and  also  numerous  friends  at  home,  all  looking  and  praying  for 
that  period  to  arrive.  Shall  they  look  in  vain?  May  all  that  is  holy, 


46  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

good,  or  patriotic  forbid  it!  And  that  God's  blessing  may  descend 
upon  every  heart  that  acts  justly  is  the  prayer  of  one  of  the  prisoners 
at  Richmond,  to  which  all  the  rest  respond,  Amen  ! 

Yours  respectfully, 

ISAAC    W.    HART. 
RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA,  December  nth,  1861. 

Mr.  Ely  in  his  journal  gives  the  following  account  of  the 
escape  of  Colonel  Charles  A.  DeVilliers  of  the  iith  Ohio 
Regiment,  Volunteers  : 

"During  the  time  of  my  confinement  at  Richmond  there 
were  several  escapes  of  prisoners,  both  officers  and  privates. 
Some  of  these  presented  features  of  such  singular  adroit 
ness  in  out-manoeuvring  the  authorities  and  public  men 
as  to  occasion  much  merriment  when  the  news  of  the 
adventures  reached  us.  Among  them,  the  escape  of 
Colonel  DeVilliers  was  so  remarkable  for  skilful  contrivance 
and  success  in  defeating  all  the  efforts  made  for  his  detec 
tion,  that  a  short  account  of  it  may  here  be  introduced  as  a 
not  inappropriate  appendage  to  the  story." 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  47 


COLONEL  CHARLES  A.  DEVILLIERS. 

IMPRISONMENT  AND  ESCAPE. 

/ 

COLONEL  CHARLES  A.  DE  VILLIERS,  of  the  i  ith  Ohio  Regi 
ment,  was  taken  a  prisoner  of  war  on  the  Kanawaha  River 
by  General  Wise,  on  the  I7th  of  July,  1861,  with  other 
officers  of  General  Cox's  brigade.  On  his  arrival  at 
Richmond,  the  Colonel  was  evidently  much  distressed, 
keenly  feeling  the  mortification  arising  from  his  imprison 
ment,  and,  being  of  an  exceedingly  nervous  temperament, 
was  subject  at  times  to  great  depression  of  spirits.  This, 
however,  soon  wore  away,  and  we  found  ourselves  under 
great  obligations  to  him  for  exhibitions  of  the  most  difficult 
feats  of  soldiers'  drill,  of  which  he  was  a  complete  master. 
He  was,  indeed,  a  bundle  of  nerves,  almost  without  flesh, 
weighing  not  more  than  one  hundred  and  ten  pounds,  and 
his  exercises  with  the  musket  and  with  the  broad  sword,  as 
displayed  in  the  prison,  entitled  him  to  the  full  credit  of 
being  the  master  under  whose  teaching  the  lamented 
Ellsworth  acquired  his  proficiency  in  Zouave  drill  and 
military  discipline.  Being  somewhat  acquainted  with  the 
practice  of  surgery,  he  was  detailed  by  the  "Confederate" 
surgeons  of  the  post  to  assist  in  taking  charge  of  the  sick 


48  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

and  wounded  prisoners  at  the  hospitals.  Like  other  Federal 
surgeons  acting  in  the  same  capacity,  he  enjoyed  the 
freedom  of  the  city,  upon  his  parole  of  honor,  until  about 
the  third  day  of  September,  when,  for  some  reason  not 
fully  understood  by  our  officers  at  the  time,  he  was  deprived 
of  his  parole,  and  returned  to  close  confinement  in  the 
officers'  quarters. 

On  Sunday  morning  after  his  return  to  the  prison,  for  the 
purpose,  as  we  supposed,  of  raising  money,  he  sold  at 
auction  to  the  officers  in  the  prison  several  articles  of  his 
military  clothing.  On  the  same  evening  he  escaped  from 
the  prison  ;  but  in  what  manner  or  through  what  device,  I 
never  learned.  I  concluded,  however,  that  his  departure 
could  not  have  been  unknown  to  some  of  the  officers, 
from  the  fact  that  his  name  was  responded  to  by  some  one 
of  the  officers  at  roll-call  for  three  successive  mornings  and 
for  this  reason  his  escape  was  not  suspected  by  the  Confed 
erate  officers,  until  the  Colonel  had  been  four  days  on  his 
way.  It  was  conjectured  from  circumstances  known  to  some 
of  the  officers  that  the  Colonel  had  fled  in  the  disguise  of  a 
Confederate  officer ;  that  he  was  assisted  by  two  rebel  offi 
cers  in  his  escape,  who  supplied  him  with  a  fleet  horse 
which  they  stationed  on  the  outside  of  the  town,  where  it 
was  understood  they  were  to  meet  the  Colonel  and  who 
were  to  provide  him  with  pistols,  a  carbine,  food  etc., 
necessary  to  pursue  his  journey,  which  of  course,  had  to 
be  made  in  the  night  hours.  When  his  escape  became 
known,  great  efforts  were  made  by  the  rebel  officers  to 
recapture  him  ;  and  officers  and  scouts  were  sent  in  all 
directions  in  pursuit  ;  but  weeks  rolled  away  and  no  tidings 
were  heard  ot  him. 


MAJOR    J.    T.    W.    HAIRSTON. 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  49 

At  this  time  the  vigilance  exercised  throughout  Virginia 
among  civilians,  as  well  as  military,  made  it  almost  impos 
sible  to  get  across  the  country  in  the  direction  of  the  Poto 
mac,  and  little  doubt  was  entertained  by  his  fellow  officers 
that  the  Colonel  would  be  recaptured  and  brought  back  to 
prison,  in  case  he  attempted  to  escape  in  that  direction. 
His  fate,  however,  was  not  known  at  Richmond  until  his 
arrival  at  Washington  was  announced  in  the  papers  artd  his 
appointment  as  a  Brigadier-General,  nearly  two  months 
afterwards. 

The  General,  as  it  turned  out,  after  leaving  the  prison 
bent  his  course  toward  Norfolk,  which  city,  though  but 
about  one  hundred  miles  distant  from  Richmond,  he  only 
reached  after  six  weeks'  travel,  performed  in  short  stages  by 
night  through  the  swamps  and  marshes  between  the  two 
cities;  subsisting  on  berries  and  shrubs  and  exposed  to 
hardships  such  as  only  an  experienced  soldier  could  sur 
vive.  Arriving  at  Norfolk,  he  managed  to  disguise  himself 
as  a  mendicant  Frenchman,  aged,  very  infirm  and  nearly 
blind,  and  thus  gained  admittance  to  a  hospital  in  that 
city.  In  some  way  he  procured  a  pair  of  green  goggles, 
and  a  pack,  with  which,  stooping  and  resting  on  a  rough 
cane,  the  poor  old  Frenchman  became  an  object  of  general 
commiseration.  In  this  condition  he  had  the  freedom  of 
the  city,  but  he  spoke  only  the  French  language.  Finally 
he  made  an  application  to  the  rebel  general  in  command, 
for  permission  to  go  to  Fortress  Monroe  under  the  flag  of 
truce,  that  he  might  embark  for  his  dear  old  home  in  France. 

The  piteous  story  of  the  venerable  Frenchman,  his 
eagerness  to  return  to  his  home,  which  he  had  left  before 
the  Rebellion  broke  out,  and  the  accommodating  spirit  of 
7 


50  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

the  Confederates  as  manifested  to  the  French  as  well  as  to 
the  English  at  that  time,  induced  the  Rebel  General,  after 
two  weeks'  delay  and  persistent  application  on  the  part  of 
DeVilliers,  to  allow  him  to  go  on  board  the  truce  boat. 
When  the  boat  met  the  Federal  steamer,  the  infirm  old 
Frenchman,  at  the  venerable  age  of  thirty-five,  was  assisted 
on  board  the  Union  boat  by  the  compassionate  Norfolk 
officers,  who  bade  him  an  affectionate  adieu.  No  sooner 
had  he  reached  the  deck  of  the  Union  boat,  however,  than 
he  coolly  cast  off  his  pack  and  green  goggles,  and,  after 
thanking  the  officers  for  their  politeness,  shouted  with  an 
air  of  youthful  animation,  a  loud  huzza  for  the  Stars  and 
Stripes,  and  gave  the  Confederates  the  information  that 
they  had  just  released  Colonel  Charles  A.  De  Villiers  of  the 
nth  Ohio  Regiment,  Volunteers. 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  5! 


HUMORS  OF  PRISON  LIFE. 


THE  following  short  sketches  have  been  gathered  together 
by  the  writer  to  show  how  our  ''boys  in  blue"  passed 
their  time  during  those  dark  days,  and  how  from  the  most 
adverse  circumstances  some  will  find  amusement: 

WANT   TO   SEE    ELY. 

The  following  was  often  heard  near  the  prison  doors: 
"Where  is  the  little  man  with  the  big  head?  I  reckon  I'd 
like  to  see  him,  and  I'll  give  you  ten  dollars  to  show  him 
up."  The  prison  exchequer  was  low,  but  Mr.  Ely  enter 
tained  too  mild  an  appreciation  of  Confederate  currency  to 
yield  to  the  temptations  which  beset  him. 

BREAKING    OUT. 

A  prisoner  writes:  "We  notice  a  growing  disposition 
among  the  prisoners  to  break  out,  particularly  in  the 
pants." 

SALAD  ? 

Another  prisoner  writes:  "We  again  have  to  thank  our 
hospital  steward  for  a  savory  dish  of  salad  (?),  raw  pota 
toes  and  cabbage!  " 


52  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

NEVER   RETREATS,    BUT   FALLS   BACK. 

A  prisoner,  in  writing  to  a  friend,  thus  speaks  of  the 
South:  "The  Southern  Army  is  always  victorious  (?)  and 
never  fails  to  fall  back  when  the  enemy  advances;  and  it  is 
an  utter  impossibility  for  them  to  lose  more  than  one  man." 

RICE    FOUND    IN   THE   SOUP. 

From  Stars  and  Stripes  in  Rebeldom :  "The  boys  in  No. 
4,  who  were  so  frightened  by  finding  rice  in  their  soup  on 
Thursday,  are  recovering.  They  are  assured  by  the  prison 
keeper  that  it  was  a  mistake,  and  he  assures  them  that  it 
shall  not  occur  again." 

HE   SAVED    HIS   SUPPER. 

J.  Lane  Fitts  of  Candia,  New  Hampshire,  a  prisoner  of 
war,  in  writing  of  his  imprisonment,  speaks  of  how  a 
fellow-prisoner  would  prevent  others  from  stealing  his  soup, 
as  follows:  "Comrade  Dow,  from  a  Massachusetts  Regi 
ment,  to  prevent  losing  his  ration  of  soup,  would  draw  his 
soup,  spit  in  it,  and  set  it  by  for  his  supper.  It  was  evi 
dently  worth  more  to  him  than  any  one  else,  and  I  never 
knew  of  him  losing  his  supper." 

WEAR    PANTS,   OR    OTHERWISE    APPEAR    AWKWARD. 

"All  prisoners  of  war  leaving  for  the  North  during  the 
month  of  December  are  cautioned  that  the  weather  there  is 
generally  cooler  than  here,  and  it  would  be  well  to  get  ac 
customed  to  the  wearing  of  pants  and  jackets  before  leav 
ing  their  present  quarters;  otherwise  their  awkwardness 
may  attract  attention  in  Washington  and  at  home.  To 
prevent  any  bad  results  from  too  sudden  change  of  diet  the 
authorities  have  changed  the  morning  call  from  fTea-ho'  to 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  53 

'Rye-ho/  the  prisoner  will  be  duly  notified  of  any  change 
of  vegetables.  Beefsteak  will  be  furnished  in  the  spring- 
perhaps.  " 

MARKETS. 

Bread,  readily  taken  in  small  quantities.  Bone,  sales 
small,  owing  to  change  of  guards.  Soup,  considerable  de 
crease  (in  strength),  owing  to  the  abundance  of  water. 
Rice,  none  in  the  market.  Woollens,  very  abundant  in  the 
form  of  rags.  Toothpicks  continue  pointed. 

NOTICE. 

One  morning  the  following  notice  was  given  to  all  pris 
oners  by  their  own  leader,  and  not  the  keeper:  "All  per 
sons  desiring  to  establish  among  the  strangers  visiting  the 
prison  the  impression  that  we  have  set  up  our  stomachs  as 
household  gods,  and  of  gaining  a  reputation  for  greediness 
and  beastly  behavior,  are  requested  to  meet  around  the 
barrel  containing  the  extra  soup.  It  is  the  general  desire 
that  they  meet  in  such  numbers  as  to  terrify  speculators, 
and  consequently  cause  a  decline  in  the  pork  market.  Spe 
cial  meetings  of  the  body  will  be  called  on  appearance  of 
any  empty  molasses  barrels." 

WATER    VERSUS   BUTTER. 
From  History  of  27th  New  York  Regiment. 

Notwithstanding  the  inferior  quality  of  our  food,  some 
times  under  the  administration  of  Wirtz  we  got  nothing 
but  bread  and  water.  The  escapes  from  the  prison  were 
numerous.  Whenever  an  escape  was  discovered,  Wirtz 
would  enter  the  prison  in  a  towering  rage  and  demand  to 
know  how  the  prisoners  had  escaped,  but  seldom  found 
out,  as  we  all  refused  to  answer  his  queries. 


54  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

"Tell  me,  or  I  shall  keep  you  tree  days  on  pred  and 
wasser."  "Oh,  ho!  "  would  shout  a  dozen  voices,  "Three 
cheers  for  Wirtz.  He  will  feed  us  three  days  on  bread  and 
butter!"  "  No,  no!  you  tarn  villains;  I  say  pred  and 
wasser  ;  wasser,  not  busser !  "  and  he  proved  as  good  as 
his  word. 

SOUTHERN   CURIOSITY. 

During  the  day  of  August  25th,  1861,  an  old  man  came 
to  the  prison  in  Richmond  and  asked  to  see  Mr.  Ely.  He 
said  he  wanted  to  be  able  to  tell  his  neighbors,  on  his  return 
home,  that  he  had  seen  the  Yankee  Congressman  (he  had 
come  more  than  a  thousand  miles  for  this  purpose).  Mr. 
Ely  speaks  of  the  call  in  his  Journal  as  follows: 

"I  at  first  refused  to  gratify  the  old  man,  but  some  of  the 
officers  desired  me  to  indulge  his  curiosity.  They  further 
urged  me  to  put  on  a  broad-brimmed  white  hat,  and  an 
old  black  coat,  ragged  and  torn,  and  to  pass  carelessly  in 
front  of  the  door.  After  being  thus  equipped,  I  went  to  the 
door,  and  with  an  air  of  indifference  looked  out  into  the 
street,  whereupon  the  Commissary  remarked  in  a  quick 
tone  of  voice,  as  he  pointed  to  me,  'That's  him.'  The  old 
man  strained  every  nerve  to  see  the  object  of  his  search, 
and  after  gazing  a  while,  was  heard  to  exclaim,  '  Hell  and 
blazes !  is  that  the  feller  I  came  so  fer  to  see !  Well,  well, 
I'm  satisfied.' ' 

HON.    ALFRED    ELY'S   WASHDAY    IN    WASHINGTON. 
From   Ely's  Journal   in   Richmond. 

"My  towels  I  washed  myself;  my  blue-streaked,  sixteen- 
cent  pocket  handkerchief  I  undertook  to  baptize  in  the  same 
way,  after  an  uninterrupted  nasal  use  of  four  long  weeks, 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  55 

when  to  my  dismay,  my  hands  and  the  wristbands  of  my 
coat  and  shirt  had  more  indigo  upon  them  than  all  the 
water  of  Damascus  could  make  clean.  What  a  scrape! 
only  one  shirt,  with  the  wristbands  as  blue  as  an  indigo 
bag.  This  was  my  first  attempt  at  washing,  and  like  all 
washing  days,  it  was  blue." 

CONGRESSMAN   ELY   SIZED    UP   BY   A   SOUTHERNER. 

The  following  is  from  Congressman  Ely's  Journal  of  No 
vember  ist:  ''Among  the  outside  visitors  upon  the  walk, 
was  a  tall  pitch-pine  scraper,  who,  after  taking  great  pains 
to  see  me,  was  heard  to  pay  the  following  compliment: 
'Well,  he  may  be  a  smart  fellow,  but  I'll  be  durned  if  he 
looks  like  it.' " 


56  RICHMOND    PRISONS 


THE   SOLDIER'S   PRAYER. 

FURNISHED  FOR  "RICHMOND  PRISONS,   lS6l-lS62,"  BY  HARRY  CLIFTON. 


OUR  father  who  art  in  Washington, 

Abraham  Lincoln  is  thy  name; 

Thy  will  be  done  in  the  South  as  it  is  done  in  the  North, 

Give  us  this  day  our  daily  rations  of  hardtack  and  salt  horse, 

Forgive  our  Quartermasters  as  we  forgive  our  commissaries. 

Lead  us  not  into  battles  or  rivers, 

But  deliver  us  from  General  Winder. 

For  thine  is  the  power  of  the  soldiers  and  negroes, 

For  the  term  of  three  years  or  sooner  shot. 

Amen. 


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RICHMOND    PRISONS  6 1 


A  FEW  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 

Prepared  by  George  S.  Ililliard  for  "Ely's  Journal  in  Richmond." 
COLONEL    W.     RAYMOND    LEE. 

COLONEL  W.  RAYMOND  LEE  was  born  in  Salem,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1807.  He  comes  of  a  patriotic  stock  on  both 
sides.  His  paternal  grandfather,  whose  name  he  inherited, 
entered  the  army  as  Colonel  of  Glover's  regiment,  at  the 
commencement  of  the  Revolutionary  War.  His  mother's 
grandfather,  Jeremiah  Lee,  of  Marblehead,  was  one  of  the 
Committee  of  Public  Safety  in  1776.  He  was  roused  in  the 
night  by  the  approach  of  British  soldiers,  and  had  just  time 
to  escape  by  a  back  window.  He  lay  concealed  all  night 
in  a  cornfield,  and  in  consequence  of  the  exposure,  took  a 
cold  which  was  the  cause  of  his  death.  His  maternal  grand 
father,  Nathaniel  Tracy,  was  one  of  the  wealthy  merchants 
of  Newburyport.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution  the 
privateers  owned  by  him  took  several  hundred  thousand 
dollars'  worth  of  military  stores.  As  our  soldiers  were  in 
great  want  of  them,  he,  with  more  generosity  than  pru 
dence,  made  them  over  to  the  Government  without  proper 
securities  in  return,  and  was  never  paid  for  them  in  conse 
quence. 


62  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

Colonel  Lee  entered  West  Point  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and 
graduated  in  due  course,  but  did  not  embrace  the  military 
profession.  He  became  a  civil  engineer,  and  in  that  capac 
ity  was  sent  to  Texas  by  a  company  of  Boston  gentlemen 
who  supposed  themselves  to  be  possessed  of  a  large  tract 
of  land  in  that  region.  Their  right,  however,  was  disputed 
by  the  Mexican  Government,  and  Colonel  Lee  was  taken 
prisoner  and  detained  in  custody  for  several  months.  Upon 
his  release  he  resumed  the  exercise  of  his  profession.  He 
was  for  many  years  Superintendent  of  the  Boston  &  Prov 
idence  Railroad.  Resigning  that  office  a  few  years  since,  he 
devoted  himself  to  the  general  duties  of  his  profession  in 
Boston  and  vicinity,  especially  in  matters  connected  with 
railroads. 

As  soon  as  the  Rebellion  broke  out,  in  the  spring  of  1861, 
Colonel  Lee,  who  had  never  lost  his  interest  in  the  profes 
sion  for  which  he  was  'trained,  offered  his  services  to  the 
Government,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  June  received  orders 
to  raise  a  regiment.  These  orders  were  promptly  obeyed, 
and  on  the  2nd  of  September  he  proceeded  to  Washington 
with  his  regiment,  the  Twentieth  of  the  Massachusetts 
Volunteers.  He  was  immediately  sent  to  the  advance  post 
on  the  upper  Potomac,  where  he  remained  until  the  2ist  of 
October,  when  he  was  taken  to  Richmond  as  a  prisoner  of 
war,  having  been  captured  at  the  battle  of  Ball's  Bluff.  He 
remained  in  prison  until  November  9th,  when  he  was 
chosen  as  a  hostage  to  be  confined  in  the  county  jail  to 
stand  for  the  condemned  pirates  then  convicted  by  the 
Federal  Government* 

*  Colonel  Lee  no\v  resides  at  Jamaica  Plain,  Massachusetts,  and  is  in  the  eighty- 
fourth  year  of  his  age. 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  63 

COLONEL    MICHAEL    CORCORAN. 

Colonel  Michael  Corcoran  of  the  Sixty-ninth  New  York 
Regiment  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  taken 
prisoner  and  confined  in  Liggon  Prison  at  Richmond,  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  drawn  as  hostage  and  confined  at  Castle 
Pinkney,  but  was  afterwards  removed  to  Charleston.  At 
this  late  day  it  has  been  almost  impossible  to  learn  very 
much  of  the  Colonel's  life,  but  the  following  is  taken  from 
the  Journal  of  Mr.  Ely  while  a  prisoner  of  war: 

"By  way  of  showing  what  kind  of  a  heart  Colonel  Cor 
coran  possessed,  the  editor  would  quote  two  or  three  dis 
connected  passages  from  a  published  letter  which  he  wrote 
while  confined  in  Castle  Pinkney,  especially  as  they  throw 
some  additional  light  on  prison  life  in  the  Southern  States. 
It  is  only  necessary  to  say  that  the  Colonel  was  a  devoted 
member  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church : 

*  *  *  *  *  "'In  my  last  I  mentioned  that  the  people  of 
Charleston  had  treated  us  with  considerable  courtesy  on  the 
occasion  of  our  arrival  in  and  departure  from  that  city,  but 
neglected  to  state  another  favorable  change  in  our  treatment 
here.  The  officers  have  the  liberty  of  the  island  on  which 
the  Castle  is  situated,  from  reveille  to  retreat,  and  are  al 
lowed  the  liberty  of  the  interior  yard  during  the  aforesaid 
hours.  This  is  quite  a  change  from  Virginia  hospitality, 
where  we  had  not  been  permitted  one  moment  for  air  or 
exercise  during  the  fifty  days  of  our  detention  in  the  ever 
monotonous  tobacco  factory.' 

"  'The  Bishop  of  this  place  visited  me  and  spoke  in  that 
mild,  gentlemanly  and  Christian  spirit  for  which  all  our 
clergy  everywhere,  and  under  all  circumstances,  have  been 


64  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

so  truly  characterized.  He  handed  me  all  the  funds  in  his 
possession,  and  of  which  I  stood  in  the  greatest  need,  and 
appointed  to  come  here  last  Thursday  to  celebrate  mass  and 
attend  to  the  religious  necessities  of  the  prisoners;  but  the 
day  proved  so  wet  and  stormy  that  it  was  impossible,  with 
out  imminent  danger,  to  cross  over  from  the  city,  but  we 
expect  him  at  his  earliest  convenience.  This  is  the  first 
time  that  any  apparent  interest  has  been  taken  in  our  spirit 
ual  welfare.' 

*****  "'The  good  sisters  of  our  faith  residing  in 
Richmond,  thank  God,  can  rise  above  all  national  or  sec 
tional  strife  and  contention  of  the  world,  with  their  usual 
self-sacrificing  and  Christian  disposition  to  render  aid 
and  comfort  to  the  afflicted,  attended  to  such  of  our  wound 
ed  as  were  at  the  general  hospital;  and  our  officers  and 
men  who  were  there,  and  who  represent  all  classes  of  re 
ligion,  are  unanimous  in  their  praise  of  the  care  and  atten 
tion  bestowed  in  dressing  and  cleaning  the  wounded,  and 
many  attribute  their  recovery  to  their  untiring  exertions.' 

*****  "'The  prisoners  here,  who  left  Richmond  on 
the  1 3th,  consist  of  thirty-four  officers,  and  one  hundred 
and  twenty  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates;  among 
the  former  are  three  Colonels,  a  Lieutenant  Colonel  and  a 
Major.' 

"'This  place  is  already  well-known,  therefore  needs  no 
description.  The  casements  are  occupied  as  quarters.  As 
no  visitors  are  allowed  here,  we  are  not  so  subjected  to  the 
idle  and  offensive  curiosity  of  spectators  as  was  the  case  at 
Richmond,  where  crowds  were  permitted  to  assemble  in 
front  of  our  prison  all  day  to  stare  at  us  whenever  we  went 
to  catch  a  breath  of  air  at  the  windows;  where  the  more 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  65 

favored  individuals  obtained  passes  to  enter,  and  in  many 
cases  took  occasion  to  ask  all  kinds  of  questions.  Indeed, 
the  people  of  Charleston  presented  a  striking  contrast  in 
gentlemanly  behavior  toward  us  on  our  arrival  and  depar 
ture.  Although  large  crowds  were  present  on  both  occas 
ions,  not  a  single  offensive  word  was  heard  or  an  unseemly 
act  committed.' 

"  'We  are  all  in  great  need  of  clothing  here  and  in  many 
cases  without  a  single  cent  to  procure  any  of  the  different 
things  absolutely  necessary.  I  received  some  funds  from  a 
relative  in  Richmond,  which  "have  been  expended,  and 
Lieutenant  Connolly  and  myself  are  among  the  bankrupts 
for  some  days  past.  I  am  well  satisfied  that  there  are  some 
in  Charleston  who  would  divide  their  last  dollar  with  me, 
but  I  cannot  accept  it,  as  there  appears  to  be  no  possible 
way  of  repaying  it.  Indeed,  some  gentlemen  were  so  kind 
as  to  make  inquiry  if  I  needed  anything,  to, which  I  replied 
in  the  negative;  and  while  at  Richmond  I  received  com 
munication  from  a  gentleman  in  Montgomery,  Alabama, 
who  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  wealthiest  gentlemen  in  that 
city,  stating  that  he  was  most  desirous  of  supplying  me 
with  any  thing  I  required.' 

"l\  am  quite  satisfied  to  remain  here  as  long  as  it  may 
be  considered  necessary  to  serve  the  purposes  of  my  Gov 
ernment  or  our  people;  but  I  am  exceedingly  anxous  that 
the  rank  and  file  of  the  different  regiments  should  be  seen 
to  as  soon  as  possible.  The  poor  fellows  are  most  ear 
nestly  devoted  to  the  best  interests  of  their  country,  and 
are  suffering  much  from  want  of  proper  clothing  and 
change  of  undergarments.  Many  are  without  shoes,  coats, 
or  bed  covering,  which  is  a  cheerless  prospect  with  the 
9 


66  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

near  approach  of  cold  weather;  and,  above  all  things,  their 
poor  families,  in  many  cases,  must  certainly  suffer  from 
want  of  the  assistance  they  could  render  if  at  liberty,  and 
many  are  of  the  three  months'  volunteers,  who  made  no 
provision  for  absence  beyond  that  time."' 

COLONEL    MILTON    COGSWELL. 

Colonel  Milton  Cogswell  was  born  in  Noblesville,  Hamil 
ton  County,  Indiana.  He  graduated  at  West  Point  in  1849 
and  was  appointed  a  Second  Lieutenant  in  the  Fourth  Regi 
ment  Infantry,  United  States  Army;  but  he  soon  attained 
the  command  of  Company  A,  Eighth  Regiment  Infantry. 
He  had  considerable  military  experience  in  Texas  and  Mex 
ico.  He  was  leading  the  famous  Tammany  Regiment  at 
Ball's  Bluff  as  its  Colonel,  when  that  gallant  and  patriotic 
soldier  Col.  Baker  fell.  Col.  Cogswell  assumed  command, 
and  while  leading  the  forces  was  taken  prisoner  by  Confed 
erate  troops.  He  was  taken  to  Richmond,  Virginia,  and 
confined  in  Liggon's  Tobacco  Factory.  On  the  9th  of  No 
vember  he  was  drawn  to  stand  as  hostage  for  the  con 
demned  pirate  held  by  the  United  States  Government  at 
Philadelphia. 

COLONEL   ALFRED   M.  WOOD. 

Col.  Alfred  M.  Wood  was  born  in  Hempstead,  Long 
Island,  April  19111,  1828.  In  the  seventeenth  year  of  his 
age  he  turned  his  attention  to  mercantile  pursuits,  and,  on 
relinquishing  them  in  1853,  was  elected  by  the  Democratic 
party  tax  collector  of  the  city  of  Brooklyn,  New  York. 
That  office  he  continued  to  hold  by  reelection  until  1861, 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  67 

when  he  was  returned  as  an  alderman  in  the  City  Council, 
and  became  President  of  the  Board. 

His  military  experience  commenced  by  his  becoming  a 
member  of  the  Brooklyn  City  Guards  in  1850.  He  con 
tinued  an  active  member  until  1852,  when  he  was  appointed 
Paymaster  on  Brigadier-General  H.  B.  Duryea's  staff,  with 
the  rank  of  Captain.  In  1854  he  was  elected  Major  of  the 
Fourteenth  Regiment,  New  York  State  Militia,  which  rank 
he  held  until  1856,  when  he  was  elected  Lieutenant  Colonel. 
In  1858  he  was  promoted  to  Colonel  of  the  regiment. 
Colonel  Wood  led  his  regiment  at  Bull  Run,  and  was 
wounded  in  the  battle  and  taken  prisoner.  He  was  con 
fined  at  Charlottesville  until  he  recovered  from  the  effect  of 
his  wounds,  when  he  was  removed  to  Richmond,  Virginia, 
and  confined  in  Rockett's  Prison,  No.  i.  November  9th,  he, 
like  Colonels  Lee,  Cogswell,  Corcoran,  Wilcox  and  Wood 
ruff,  was  drawn  to  stand  as  hostage  for  condemned  pirates, 
and  confined  in  Henrico  County  Jail.  In  1887  Colonel 
Wood  was  United  States  Consul  to  a  European  power, 
through  an  appointment  under  President  Cleveland. 

COLONEL   O.   B.  WILCOX. 

Colonel  O.  B.  Wilcox  was  born  in  Detroit,  Michigan,  in 
1826.  He  entered  West  Point  in  1842,  and  graduated  in 
1846.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  as  a 
Lieutenant  of  Artillery,  and  remained  in  the  United  States 
service  until  1855,  when  he  resigned,  and  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  the  law.  While  practising  the  legal  profession 
at  Detroit,  as  the  partner  of  his  brother,  E.  M.  Wilcox, 
Esq,,  he  took  a  lively  interest  in  reorganizing  the  militia  of 
Michigan.  Immediately  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebel- 


68  RICHMOND     PRISONS 

lion  he  offered  his  sword  to  the  Governor  of  his  State.  He 
was  appointed  at  once  to  the  command  of  the  First  Regi 
ment  raised  in  the  State,  and  the  only  one  formed  for  the 
three  months'  campaign,  and  on  reporting  himself  at 
Washington,  with  his  followers,  found  that  his  regiment 
was  the  first  brought  to  that  city  from  the  West.  He  was 
early  assigned  to  the  duty  of  commanding  the  force  which 
took  possession  of  the  sacred  soil  of  Virginia,  near  Wash 
ington.  He  was  in  command  at  Alexandria  until  the  battle 
of  Bull  Run,  where  he  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner. 
He  was  taken  to  Richmond  and  confined  in  Rockett's 
Prison,  No.  i.  where  he  enjoyed  the  freedom  of  the  hospital 
and  prison.  October  9th,  he,  like  Colonel  Lee,  was  held 
as  hostage  and  confined  in  the  County  Jail,  but  was  later 
sent  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 


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RICHMOND    PRISONS  75 


SKETCHES. 

HOW    CONGRESSMAN    ELY    HAPPENED    TO    BE    THERE. 

NOT  a  few  among  the  captives  taken  by  the  opposing 
armies  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  were  civilians  — 
men  of  more  or  less  distinction  in  civil  life,  representatives 
of  the  people  and  leading  public  interests.  Nor  were  these 
hostages  of  inferior  importance  to  the  armed  adversaries 
taken  in  the  stress  of  war,  and  held  in  duress  to  dimimish 
and  cripple  the  resources  of  the  enemy.  For  purposes  of 
exchange  the  non-combatant  prisoner  was  of  first-rate 
importance,  and  the  higher  his  rank  in  public  life  the  better. 
Among  those  whose  misfortune  it  was  to  fall  into  the  hands 
of  the  Confederates  at  the  earliest  stage  of  the  war  was  the 
Hon.  Alfred  Ely,  representing  the  28th  New  York  District 
in  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress.  It  was  not  altogether  a  mis 
fortune  of  war,  however,  this  snatching  from  his  place  in 
the  public  counsels  a  prominent  representative  and  his 
incarceration  with  fellow  captives  in  the  gloomy  confines  of 
a  tobacco  warehouse.  By  this  rugged  experience,  Mr.  Ely 
learned  "the  true  inwardness"  of  the  rebellion,  the  "secrets 
of  the  prison  house"  in  which  so  many  brave  men  suffered 
unspeakable  hardships;  and  he  was  enabled  by  this  per- 


76  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

sonal  knowledge,  derived  from  harsh  experience,  to  bring 
about,  on  his  return  to  official  duties,  some  ameliorations 
of  the  hard  conditions  under  which  many  of  his  fellow 
sufferers  barely  survived,  while  some  never  overcame  the 
enfeebling  influences  of  their  ill-treatment. 

The  circumstances  attending  the  capture  of  Mr.  Ely  were 
peculiar  and  not  fully  understood,  sometimes  much  misrep 
resented.  As  derived  from  that  gentleman's  personal  nar 
rative  they  are  of  thrilling  interest. 

Mr.  Ely  was  in  Washington  attending  the  extraordinary 
session  of  Congress  called  by  President  Lincoln  after  the 
attack  of  the  Southern  forces  upon  Fort  Sumpter.  It  was, 
of  course,  a  time  of  great  excitement  throughout  the  coun 
try ;  but  the  Northern  people  had  not  at  that  period  become 
fully  convinced  respecting  the  really  serious  nature  of  the 
uprising  of  the  South  against  the  Republic.  The  first  levy 
of  volunteers  was  encamped  near  Washington,  as  the  cap 
ture  of  the  federal  capital  was  the  first  objective  of  the 
rebel  leaders.  Toward  that  point  the  enthused  Southern 
Army  was  rapidly  moving.  To  meet  and  push  back  these 
menacing  forces,  Gen.  Irwin  McDowell  was  directed  to 
move  the  main  body  of  federal  troops  toward  Manassas  and 
Richmond.  It  was  known  that  Gen  Beauregard,  com 
manding  the  rebels  under  the  immediate  oversight  of  Gen. 
Jefferson  Davis,  President  of  the  Confederate  States,  would 
risk  a  battle  at  or  near  Manassas,  his  headquarters  in  the 
field.  President  Lincoln,  Gen.  Scott,  and  all  leading  men 
in  civil  and  military  life  were  awakened  to  the  existing 
alarming  emergency.  A  battle  which  might  and  indeed 
did  come  very  near  deciding  the  fate  of  the  Federal  City, 
the  Seat  of  Government,  was  calculated  to  arouse  anxiety 


HON.    ALFRED     ELY, 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  77 

and  fears  among  its  public  functionaries  and  inhabitants, 
many  of  the  latter  being  in  full  sympathy  with  the  rebels. 
Included  in  the  Army  of  McDowell  was  the  Thirteenth 
New  York  Volunteers,  one  of  the  first  regiments  to  reach 
the  center  of  active  operations.  This  regiment  had  acquired 
repute  by  forcing  a  comparatively  tranquil  passage  through 
insurgent  Baltimore,  marching  company  front,  under  com 
mand  of  that  intrepid  and  accomplished  officer,  Col.  Isaac 
S.  Quinby,  who  had  won  laurels  in  Mexico,  with  Gen. 
Grant,  and  earned  distinction  and  promotion  later  as  one  of 
that  great  leader's  military  family  during  the  war  of  which 
we  write.  Mr.  Ely  had  been  informed  that  some  members 
of  the  Thirteenth  Regiment,  his  own  constituents,  had  been 
severely  wounded  in  some  skirmishing  encounters  during 
its  march  Northward,  and  was  requested  to  afford  succor 
to  the  sufferers.  While  considering  how  he  might  best 
serve  these  wounded  men,  he  encountered  U.  S.  Senator 
Foster  of  Connecticut,  who  had  received  similar  requests 
from  members  of  a  regiment  from  his  State.  It  was  agreed, 
after  some  consultation,  that  these  two  Congressmen  should 
proceed  as  far  toward  the  front  of  the  Federal  Army  as  they 
could  get  permission  to  go.  Mr.  Ely  provided  the  carriage 
and  procured  passports  from  Gen.  Scott,  and  at  daylight  on 
Sunday  morning,  July  2ist,  1861,  they  began  the  journey 
of  twenty-eight  miles  to  Centerville.  It  was  a  sultry  day, 
the  road,  traversed  by  army  wagons  and  marching  troops, 
was  deep  with  the  finest  dust,  which  partially  obscured  the 
landscape  and  burdened  the  travellers.  Arrived  at  Center 
ville,  they  found  no  signs  or  sounds  of  battle,  though  the 
conflict  was  on,  near  the  little  stream  called  Bull  Run. 
Senator  Foster  proposed  to  visit  the  headquarters  of  Gen. 


78  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

Miles,  in  command  of  a  strong  reserve  corps,  on  the  War- 
renton  road,  and  upon  reaching  that  point,  found  the  Gen 
eral  at  his  post,  in  a  small  dwelling  house,  but  in  no  condi 
tion  to  assume  the  offensive,  were  he  called  upon  to  lead 
his  brave  and  willing  men  into  battle.  He  was  aroused, 
however,  and  gave  such  details  of  the  situation  as  he  could 
give  to  his  distinguished  friends.  Leaving  this  point,  Mr. 
Ely  became  separated  from  the  Senator,  as  they  had  differ 
ent  objects  in  view.  While  Mr.  Ely  was  at  the  tents  of  the 
Commissary  of  the  Thirteenth  Regiment,  (Seth  Green,  the 
eminent  fish-culturist),  he  persuaded  an  assistant  in  that 
department  to  go  out  with  him  toward  Bull  Run  stream, 
and  see  what  was  the  situation  in  front,  if  possible.  This 
assistant  accompanied  Mr.  Ely  but  a  short  distance,  when 
he  was  overcome  by  the  heat  and  dust,  and  returned  to  his 
camping  place.  Mr.  Ely  pursued  his  way  until  he  came  to 
a  clump  of  large  trees,  near  the  stream,  and  was  then 
startled  and  alarmed  by  the  descent  into  the  road  near  by 
of  a  large  cannon  ball,  which  plowed  the  earth  in  danger 
ous  proximity  to  his  person.  This  was  followed  by 
another  similar  missile,  which  crashed  through  the  branches 
of  a  huge  tree,  under  which  he  stood,  scattering  the  broken 
limbs  all  around.  Before  he  had  recovered  from  this  first 
"shock  of  war"  he  observed  a  body  of  men  rushing  pell- 
mell  from  the  grove,  led  by  a  fierce  looking  officer  on  horse 
back,  who  proved  to  be  the  redoubtable  Col.  Cash  of  South 
Carolina.  A  halt  was  commanded,  and  two  men  from  this 
small  force  approached  Mr.  Ely  and  demanded  to  know 
who  he  was,  and  why  there.  Replying  that  he  was  a 
Member  of  Congress,  Alfred  Ely  by  name,  he  was  promptly 
informed  that  he  was  a  prisoner  of  war  to  the  Confederate 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  79 

Army,  ;md  conducted  to  Col.  Cash,  who  was  still  sitting 
on  his  horse  amid  his  battle-excited  men.  Col.  Cash,  never 
very  cool-headed,  was  evidently  much  perturbed  by  the 
events  of  the  day,  now  approaching  its  close,  and  when 
informed  who  was  his  captive,  his  furious  zeal  was  freshly 
aroused,  and  drawing  an  ancient  horse  pistol  from  the 
holster,  aimed  the  ugly  weapon  at  Mr.  Ely's  head,  threat 
ening,  with  many  a  coarse  and  profane  expletive,  to  blow 
his  brains  out  then  and  there.  To  this  proceeding  the 
Major  of  the  Regiment  at  once  and  effectively  objected, 
and  saved  Mr.  Ely's  life  from  sudden  extinction.  This 
cooler  officer  apologized  for  his  rash  Colonel's  conduct  on 
the  ground  that  he  had  been  drinking  as  well  as  marching 
and  fighting  during  that  hot  day.  Mr.  Ely  was  inducted  at 
once  into  the  ranks  of  war  prisoners,  many  of  whom  were 
then  held  in  the  rear  by  this  and  other  rebel  regiments;  and 
immediately  became  acquainted  with  the  extreme  rigors  of 
such  a  condition.  He  had  left  his  coat  in  the  carriage  when 
alighting  and  was  clad  in  thin  garments,  with  a  linen  duster 
over  all.  The  night  air  was  still  hot  enough,  the  road  was 
pulverized  to  several  inches  depth,  he  was  already  wearied 
by  the  long  journey  and  tramping,  and  he  was  forced  to 
march  under  guard  to  some  point  he  knew  not  whither; 
thirsty,  hungry,  foot-sore,  choked  with  dust,  no  water  to 
be  had  until  a  brook  was  reached  on  the  way,  the  water  of 
which  had  been  stirred. to  muddiness  by  those  who  had 
preceded  this  party.  The  refreshment  afforded  by  a 
draught  of  this  mud-thickened  liquid  can  only  be  known 
to  those  who  reach  a  desert  oasis  after  a  weary  march 
under  the  hot  sun.  Soon  after  the  rain  began  to  fall,  the 
roadway  became  clinging  mud,  garments  drenched  and 


80  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

bedraggled,  spirits  more  and  more  depressed.  It  was  too 
dark  to  discover  the  prospective,  even  to  know  who  were 
fellow  travelers  along  this  dismal  route  to  unknown  evil 
fortune.  Toward  midnight  a  twinkle  of  light  shone  through 
a  distant  grove;  this  was  indicative  of  a  place  of  rest,  at 
least.  The  place  was  the  temporary  headquarters  of  Gen. 
Beaureguard,  a  verandahed  cottage  surrounded  with  trees. 
On  the  ground  lay  tired,  may  be  wounded  men,  suffering 
the  rain  to  fall  on  them,  unconscious  of  events  or  incidents 
in  the  waking  world.  The  verandah  was  dimly  lighted 
from  the  lamps  within  the  house,  and  crowded  with  offi 
cers  and  civilians.  On  approaching,  Mr.  Ely's  name  was 
called  and  he  went  forward  to  the  verandah,  where  a  col 
loquy  in  an  undertone  went  on  between  his  conductors  and 
some  official.  There  was  much  talking  among  the  men 
present,  and  Mr.  Ely  recognized  the  voice  of  a  fellow  Con 
gressman,  whose  name  he  spoke,  and  recalled  former  ac 
quaintance.  The  Ex-Member  admitted  that  he  knew  Mr. 
Ely,  but  refused  to  have  anything  to  do  or  say  with  a  man 
who  was  captured  in  the  act  of  affording  aid  and  comfort 
to  the  enemies  of  the  South  fighting  in  defense  of  its  liber 
ties.  Mr.  Ely  was  soon  after  conducted  to  a  large  barn  on 
the  premises  of  his  first  place  of  confinement.  The  floor 
of  this  barn  was  crowded  with  prostrate  men,  who  slept 
profoundly  after  the  strong  excitement  of  the  day.  Finding 
a  place  to  lie,  in  a  remote  corner,.  Mr.  Ely  dropped  wearily 
to  the  bare  boards  and  was  soon  beyond  all  knowledge  of 
sublunary  affairs.  Awaking  in  the  morning,  to  behold  the 
high  open  lofts  above  him,  the  cobwebbed  rafters,  the  open 
spaces  on  all  sides,  the  still  sleeping  men,  some  in  officer's 
uniform,  he  was  at  a  loss  to  understand  how  he  came  there, 


RICHMOND     PRISONS  8 1 

and  what  had  happened  to  place  him  in  such  a  position. 
Such  are  the  hypnotising  effects  of  extreme  weariness  and 
weakness  of  the  flesh.  About  noon  of  the  fateful  Monday, 
the  prisoners  were  summoned  to  embark  upon  a  train  of 
platform,  emigrant  and  freight  cars,  to  proceed  to  Rich 
mond.  En  route  to  the  Confederate  Capital  these  unfortu 
nates  were  greeted  with  the  most  malevolent  jeers,  curses, 
and  execrations  that  the  vocabulary  of  hate  can  furnish  to 
enraged  men  and  women,  the  latter  being  as  voluble  and 
hearty  in  their  denunciations  as  the  lustier  males.  The 
Commandant  of  the  train  defied  an  incipient  mob  at  Gor- 
donville  to  injure  the  hair  of  one  head  under  his  protection, 
at  the  peril  of  life  to  the  one  who  should  offer  other  than 
verbal  insult  and  injury,  and  thereby  the  hotheads  were 
kept  within  safe  bounds.  Richmond  was  reached  at  mid 
night,  a  cloudless,  moonlit  night,  over  a  sleeping  city,  full 
of  the  unspent  rage  of  insurrection  and  war.  Marching  in 
two  ranks,  the  prison-houses  —  abandoned  tobacco  houses 
—  were  reached  safely,  and  this  crowd  of  captives  of  the 
battlefield  was  housed,  to  sleep  on  bare  floors,  to  endure 
extreme  hardships  for  a  season,  some  to  die  under  these  in 
flictions —  none  to  flinch  or  succumb  to  any  inducement. 
Mr.  Ely  remained  there  five  months,  and  until  exchanged 
for  Hon.  Charles  J.  Faulkner,  United  States  Minister  to  the 
Court  of  France,  held  by  the  United  States  Government  at 
Fort  Warren  in  Boston  harbor,  as  a  prisoner  guilty  of  trea 
son,  in  conspiracy  to  destroy  the  Government  and  afford 
ing  aid  and  comfort  to  its  enemies.  What  occurred  in  this 
''prison  den,"  what  treatment  he  received,  and  what  hard 
ships  he  endured  under  the  regime  of  the  Confederate 
wardens  is  fully  detailed  in  "Ely's  Journal  in  Richmond," 
ii 


82  RICHMOND     PRISONS 

kept  by  him  during  the  succeeding  months  of  incarcera 
tion,  from  which  extracts  are  made  for  this  publication. 

It  should  not  be  forgotten  by  his  countrymen  that  Mr. 
Ely,  whose  circumstances  fortunately  permitted  him  to  do 
so,  expended  many  hundred  dollars  from  his  own  private 
means  during  his  imprisonment  to  relieve  the  distressed 
and  destitute  condition  of  our  imprisoned  officers  and  sol 
diers  in  the  various  Richmond  prisons,  for  which  he  has 
received  on  many  different  occasions,  the  gratitude  of  the 
Government  and  the  thanks  of  the  battle-scarred  soldiers 
who  survived  the  rigors  and  hardships  of  cruel  imprison 
ment. 

EXPERIENCE    OE    ISAAC   N.    JENNINGS,    FIRST   CONNECTICUT    VOLUN 
TEERS,   AS   A    PRISONER    OE   WAR. 

I  CAN  mention  no  bright  spot  in  Richmond  Prison  life,  as 
I  know  of  none,  except  the  enjoyment  derived  from  social 
communion  with  ourselves. 

The  incident  of  the  lady  giving  me  the  apples  happened 
in  Atlanta,  Georgia,  when  we  were  being  transferred  from 
New  Orleans  to  Salisbury,  South  Carolina,  and,  as  I  have 
said,  "O,  such  a  lady,  and  O,  such  apples."  They  were 
the  only  fruit  that  I  had  received  while  a  prisoner  of  war, 
and,  compared  with  raw  potatoes,  which  were  given  us 
for  the  scurvy,  you  may  imagine  how  I  relished  them.  I 
have  eaten  apples  before  and  since  that  time,  but  the  apples 
of  Atlanta  were  the  best. 

I  will  copy  here  a  few  lines  from  a  letter  written  in  the 
prison  to  my  parents,  dated  August  27,  1861  :  "This  letter 
will,  I  think,  hardly  be  intelligible,  as  it  requires  from  one 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  &) 

to  four  strokes  of  the  pen  to  form  a  letter,  and  as  many 
strokes  of  thought  to  form  an  idea,  and  then  it  is  not  a  clear 
one.  I  write  in  a  room  containing  1 50  or  more  men,  and 
directly  under  another  containing  the  same  number,  and 
each  one  seems  to  be  striving  to  outdo  his  neighbor  in 
making  all  sorts  of  noises.  I  should  consider  solitary  con 
finement  a  privilege." 

A  curious  case  of  family  unpleasantness  was  that  the 
brother-in-law  of  President  Lincoln  was  in  charge  of  us. 
I  never  saw  any  one  more  bitter  in  his  hatred  of  "Yanks." 
He  seemed  bound  to  make  his  reputation,  which,  as  he  said, 
"might  be  injured  by  his  relationship  to  Old  Abe,"  by 
abusing  the  prisoners. 

As  there  were  representatives  from  every  State  in  the 
Union,  we  had  many  arguments  upon  the  subject  of 
"Uncle  Sam"  allowing  his  soldiers  to  be  abused,  starved 
and  shot,  when  he  might  have  liberated  us  by  the  usual 
exchange  of  prisoners. 

Ten  months  later  we  were  transferred  to  New  Orleans, 
and  from  there  to  Salisbury,  South  Carolina.  No  one  who 
was  with  us  will  ever  forget  the  hurrahs  that  went  up  when 
we  came  in  sight  of  the  "Stars  and  Stripes,"  though  they 
came  from  throats  weakened  by  confinement  and  sickness. 
There  could  not  be.found  then, 

"  The  man  with  soul  so  dead, 
Who  to  himself  hath  never  said, 
This  is  my  own,  my  native  land," 

unless  it  was  some  one  of  our  rebel  escort,  and  it  would  be 
strange  if  some  of  them  were  not  converted  by  the  scenes 
of  that  day. 


84  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

I  will  not  go  into  details  in  regard  to  my  prison  experi 
ence,  for  mine  was  that  of  nearly  all  the  rest  and  is  ably 
given  by  others  in  the  present  volume. 

Danbury,  Connecticut,  April,  1890. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC   REPRODUCTION    FROM  THE  FLY  LEAF  OF  THE  ORIGINAL 
RECORD    KEPT    BY   THE    CONFEDERATE    GOVERNMENT 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  85 


PERSONAL    REMINISCENCES 

OF  MAJOR  J.  T.  W.  HAIRSTON, 

COMMANDING     CONFEDERATE    STATES    PRISONS,    l86l-lS62,    RICHMOND, 

VIRGINIA. 

WHEN  I  was  ordered  to  take  charge  of  the  Richmond 
Prisons  by  Adjutant  General  Cooper  of  the  Confederate 
States  Army  in  the  Autumn  of  1861,  I  was  recovering 
•from  a  severe  attack  of  typhoid  fever,  by  which  I  was  dis 
abled  from  active  duty  in  the  field.  I  was  at  first  made 
second  in  command  to  one  Captain  Gibbs,  who  was  in  a 
few  days  promoted  to  a  Colonelcy,  which  left  me  in  charge 
of  about  three  thousand  five  hundred  Federal  prisoners  of 
war  in  Richmond,  among  whom  were  Congressman  Al 
fred  Ely  of  New  York,  Colonel  A.  M.  Wood,  brother  of 
Ex-Mayor  Fernando  Wood  of  New  York  City,  Colonel 
Milton  Cogswell,  and  many  others  scarcely  less  distin 
guished. 

I  found  the  prescribed  duties  of  a  prisonkeeper  anything 
but  congenial  to  a  liberal  and  enlightened  mind,  but  I  did 
the  best  I  could  with  the  wholly  inadequate  means  at  my 
disposal  for  rendering  them  comfortable. 


86  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

Those  of  the  prisoners  who  had  money,  and  many  of  the 
officers  and  not  a  few  of  the  privates  were  quite  well  sup 
plied,  were  allowed  to  send  out  to  the  stores  in  the  city  and 
buy  what  they  wished.  There  was,  of  course,  a  deplor 
able  lack  of  creature  comforts,  or  even  necessaries.  As  the 
Confederate  Government  furnished  no  soap,  1  was  com 
pelled  to  have  some  made  out  of  the  beef  bones,  scraps, 
etc.,  left  by  the  prisoners.  1  found  the  prison  swarming 
with  vermin  when  I  first  took  charge  of  it,  but  by  the 
strenuous  application  of  soap,  water  and  sand,  it  was  made 
somewhat  habitable.  Every  day  a  considerable  number  of 
the  men  were  detailed  to  scour  the  rooms,  and  especially 
a  large  room  used  as  a  hospital,  until  the  newspapers 
of  Richmond  and  the  South  complained  loudly  that  the 
Yankee  prisoners  in  our  hospitals  were  better  attended  to 
than  our  own  sick  and  wounded  men,  in  the  then  ill-sup 
plied  hospitals  of  the  Confederate  Government.  This,  bear 
in  mind,  was  in  1861  and  1862. 

My  Orderly  Sergeant  at  this  time  was  the  afterwards  no 
torious  Dr.  Wirtz,  who  was  executed  by  the  United  States 
Government  for  alleged  cruelty  to  prisoners  at  Anderson- 
ville.  While  he  was  with  me  he  seemed  to  be  a  very  kind 
and  efficient  officer,  but  a  very  strict  disciplinarian,  as  was 
natural  in  one  who  had  been  trained  for  nine  years  in  the 
armies  of  FAirope. 

As  to  my  own  regimen,  I  endeavored  to  make  it  as  mild 
as  possible  under  the  circumstances,  for  a  young  man  not 
yet  quite  twenty-seven  years  of  age.  I  circulated  among 
the  prisoners  at  all  hours  of  the  day  and  night,  unarmed 
and  without  a  guard. 


RICHMOND     PRISONS  87 

As  I  have  said,  the  duties  of  a  prisonkeeper  are  never 
pleasant  to  a  man  of  humane  inclinations,  and  mine  were 
rendered  intensely  disagreeable  when  the  retaliatory  policy 
of  our  government  compelled  me  to  put  in  irons  fourteen 
of  the  highest  ranking  officers,  and  confine  them  in  a  dun 
geon.  This,  however,  lasted  only  a  few  days,  at  the  expi 
ration  of  which  the  Confederate  States  Government  thought 
better  of  their  manhood. 

The  unfortunate  prisoners  were  not  without  their  good 
friends  in  the  city,  prominent  among  whom  was  a  Miss 
Van  Lew,  a  lady  of  wealth  and  culture,  who  expended  her 
entire  fortune  in  ameliorating  the  hard  lot  of  the  prisoners, 
for  which  the  only  compensation  she  ever  received  was  to 
be  made  postmistress  of  Richmond  for  a  few  years. 

My  favorite  body-servant,  "Simon,"  who  is  with  me  yet, 
was  my  constant  attendant  at  the  Richmond  Prisons. 
Early  one  morning  I  was  aroused  by  the  loud  shouts  of  the 
aforesaid  Simon,  who  came  running  toward  my  lodgings, 
exclaiming  at  the  top  of  his  strong  voice:  "  The  Yankees  is 
r/^f  the  Yankees  is  r/{/  '  My  room  was  about  two  hun 
dred  and  fifty  yards  from  the  prison.  With  my  night  gar 
ments  streaming  in  the  wind  behind  me,  I  immediately  re 
paired  to  the  quarters,  where  1  found  my  prison  guard  to 
tally  disarmed,  and  some  of  the  prisoners  standing  guard 
over  them.  The  situation  was  novel  and  at  first  somewhat 
embarrassing  to  me;  but  presently,  for  the  good  of  all 
parties,  the  insurgents  were  persuaded  'to  listen  to  reason, 
and  returned  to  their  proper  places. 

The  guard  was  relieved  every  morning  at  nine  o'clock,  a 
new  regiment  being  furnished  every  day  at  that  hour. 


88  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

This  regiment  was  always  composed  of  new  recruits,  who 
were  sent  thither  mainly  to  learn  the  duties  of  a  soldier. 
These  new  recruits  were  generally  so  awkward  and  ineffi 
cient  that  I  hazard  little  in  saying  there  was  seldom  a  day 
while  I  was  in  charge  of  the  rebel  prison,  when  the  whole 
crowd  of  Federal  prisoners  —  save  those  who  were  sick 
abed  in  the  hospital  —  might  not  have  marched  out  and 
away  with  impunity.  But  as  it  happened  while  I  was  in 
charge  not  an  escape  was  made,  nor  a  prisoner  shot,  nor 
an  alleged  spy  executed;  though  if  any  straggled  over  a 
certain  prescribed  line,  they  were  promptly  and  severely 
punished. 

When  I  first  took  charge  of  the  prisoners,  many  seemed 
to  cross  this  line  through  pure  wantonness,  just  to  draw 
the  fire  of  the  sentinels.  By  prohibiting  the  sentinels  from 
firing  on  prisoners,  and  by  punishing  the  latter  for  violating 
the  rules  of  the  prison,  the  necessity  of  firing  at  all  soon 
ceased. 

When  it  became  evident  that  if  1  remained  any  longer  in 
charge  it  would  become  my  disagreeable  duty  to  partici 
pate  in  the  execution  of  a  convicted  spy  —  whose  name  I 
have  now  forgotten  —  I  begged  to  be  assigned  to  active 
duty  in  the  field,  and  was  soon  after  promoted  to  Assistant 
Adjutant-General  with  the  rank  of  Major,  on  the  staff  of 
General  J.  E.  B.  Stuart,  with  whom  I  remained,  on  and  off, 
until  his  lamented  death. 

When  I  left  the  prison,  in  the  spring  of  1862,  1  was  de 
tailed  to  conduct  a  large  number  of  prisoners  to  Tuscaloosa, 
Alabama.  This  wound  up  my  experience  as  a  custodian 
of  Federal  prisoners  of  war,  which  lasted  from  October, 

\ 


RICHMOND     PRISONS  89 

1861,  to  March,  1862,  when  1  was  glad  to  find  my  health 
sufficiently  restored  to  admit  of  my  entering  upon  active 
service  in  the  field. 

Hairston  Plantation, 
Crawford,  Launsders  Co.,  Mississippi. 


LETTER 

FROM    B.    B.    VASSALL,    LATE     SECOND    LIEUTENANT,    COMPANY    E,    I5TH 
MASSACHUSETTS    REGIMENT. 

Mr.    William  H.   Jeffrey: 

MY  DEAR  SIR  :  —  In  reply,  would  say  that  you  have  a  valuable,  inter 
esting  and  authentic  record  of  Liggon  &  Co.'s  Tobacco  Warehouse 
Prison,  known  as  "  Rockett's  No.  i."  It  is  a  gross  historical  inaccu 
racy  to  call  this  "  Libby  Prison,"  and  ought  not  to  be  perpetuated,  as 
at  this  time  (1861-62  )  no  such  prison  was  in  existence.  I  was  not  a 
prisoner  in  "Libby"  for  this  reason.  It  has  become  a  common  error 
in  speaking  of  prisoners  of  war,  who  were  confined  in  Richmond  at 
that  time,  to  say  that  they  were  in  "  Libby  Prison,"  but  such  was  not 
the  case.  The  Union  prisoners  of  war,  captured  at  the  first  battle  of 
Bull  Run,  Ball's  Bluff,  and  scattering  raids  during  the  summer  and 
fall  of  1861,  were  confined  in  the  tobacco  warehouse  of  Liggon  &  Co., 
which  was  located  on  the  bank  of  the  James  river,  corner  of  Main 
and  25th  streets.  Your  book  is  a  record  of  this  prison.  It  is  the 
original  and  is  correct. 

During  the  fall  and  winter,  1861-62,  some  of  the  prisoners  were 
transferred  to  Salisbury,  New  Orleans,  and  Tuscaloosa.  On  February 
igth,  1862,  about  three  hundred  and  fifty  officers,  non-commissioned 
officers  and  privates  were  exchanged.  This  about  the  same 
number  in  prison,  and  on  February  2ist  these  were  sent  to  Newport 
and  delivered  to  the  United  States  Government,  on  parole.  When  we 
left  Richmond  on  that  date  there  were  left  no  prisoners  of  war  in 
Richmond  except  three  who  were  unable  to  be  moved.  This  ended 
"Rockett's"  or  "  Liggon's  Prison."  In  the  summer  of  1862,  the 
Libby  property  was  taken  and  the  famous  or  infamous  "Libby 
Prison  "  came  into  existence. 
13 


90  RICHMOND     PRISONS 

My  signature  in  the  old  record  is  correct,  as  I  remember  having 
signed  such  a  record,  which  was  then  in  the  hands  of  Lieutenant  J.  T. 
W.  Hairston,  at  that  time  in  charge  of  the  prisons.  He  succeeded 
one  Captain  Gibbs.  lie  (  Hairston)  was  a  gentleman,  and  treated  all 
the  officers  in  confinement  as  gentlemen.  I  never  heard  him  say  an 
unkind  word  to  any  officer,  or  knew  him  to  commit  an  ungentlemanly 
act.  The  officers  were  confined  on  the  lower  floor,  the  two  upper 
floors  were  used  for  the  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates.  So 
far  as  treatment  was  concerned  in  the  prison,  the  officers  certainly  had 
no  cause  to  complain,  especially  in  comparison  with  the  subsequent 
treatment  of  prisoners. 

We  were  allowed  our  separate  mess  tables,  and  a  private  was  detailed 
to  cook  for  each  mess.  The  fifteenth  mess  consisted  of  seven  com 
missioned  officers  captured  at  Ball's  Bluff,  viz  :  Captain  George  W. 
Rockwood  of  Company  A,  now  living  at  Marlboro,  Massachusetts ; 
Captain  Symonds  of  Company  B,  afterwards  killed;  Captain  Henry 
Bowman  of  Company  C,  now  in  Colorado;  Captain  J.  M.  Studley  of 
Company  D,  afterwards  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  Fifty-First  Regiment, 
now  in  Providence,  Rhode  Island;  Lieutenant  J.  Evarts  Greene  of 
Company  F,  now  editor  of  the  Worcester  (Massachusetts)  Spy; 
Lieutenant  F.  Harris  Hooper  of  Boston,  since  dead,  and  myself. 

Our  regiment  was  paid  off  a  few  days  before  the  battle,  and  we  all 
had  money,  as  did  many  of  the  non-commissioned  officers  and 
privates.  It  was  not  taken  from  us.  We  were  furnished  with  fair 
rations  by  the  enemy,  and  were  allowed  to  purchase  such  supplies  as 
we  desired,  when  we  didn't  whistle  "Yankee  Doodle"  or  sing  the 
"Star  Spangled  Banner."  Then  our  out-door  supplies  were  shut  off 
for  a  few  days.  Of  course,  we  w,ere  not  happy  and  suffered  a  great 
deal.  But  the  most  unpleasant  sight  I  ever  saw  in  the  officers' 
quarters,  was  that  of  two  hundred  officers  sitting  in  their  cots  picking 
off  lice;  but  even  this  looks  comical  when  seen  through  the  mist  of 
a  quarter  of  a  century.  This  gave  us  our  prison  motto,  "Bite  and 
be  damned." 

Do  not  call  your  book  a  record  of  Libby  Prison,  it  is  not  just  to 
history,  it  is  not  just  to  the  starved  and  murdered  heroes  who  suffered 
and  died  there.  The  treatment  which  we  received  there,  as  compared 
to  subsequent  horrors  of  Libby,  Belle  Isle  and  Andersonville,  bears 
about  the  same  relation  to  them  as  purgatory  does  to  hell,  in  the  once 
popular  theology. 

One  word  concerning  our  prison  song.  It  was  sung  almost  every 
evening  and  every  time  some  new  verse  was  added,  until  it  exceeded 
in  length  "John  Brown's  Body."  The  first  added  verse  came  in  after 
the  one  referring  to  Congressman  Ely,  and  reads  ; 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  9! 

Chaplain  Mine's  turn  will  be  next, 
And  when  he  gets  home  tfe'll  preach  from  the  text, 
Roll  on  ;  etc.     Roll  on. 

Yours  very  truly, 

B.   B.    VASSALL. 
WEBSTER,  MASSACHUSETTS,  1890. 


92  RICHMOND    PRISONS 


THE   TORIES   OF    1861. 

SIDE  by  side  with  the  many  noble  names  written  all  over 
the  history  of  the  Revolutionary  struggle  stands  also  the 
unenviable  record  of  those  who  forfeited  manhood  and 
sacrificed  country  for  wealth  or  notoriety.  What  schoolboy, 
as  his  heart  thrills  with  pride  at  the  daring  deeds  of  Marion 
and  Sumpter,  does  not  look  with  scorn  and  contempt  upon 
the  list  of  recreants  who  were  base  enough  to  betray  the 
high  trust  put  upon  them.  Who,  as  he  drops  a  tear  upon 
the  grave  of  Warren,  does  not  feel  his  cheek  tingle  with 
shame  at  the  name  of  Arnold  ?  In  this  second  contest, 
equaling  if  not  surpassing  that  of  the  Revolution  in  the 
principles  involved,  what  will  be  the  record  of  those  who 
sympathized  with  and  even  aided  the  enemies  of  free  insti 
tutions  and  civil  liberties?  If  history  writes  the  names  of 
the  tories  of  '76  with  contempt,  what  will  she  say  of  those 
who,  without  even  the  hope  of  reward  or  position,  could 
betray  a  nation  whose  success  or  failure  determined  forever 
the  fate  of  republican  institutions.  If  the  lives  of  the  for 
mer  are  covered  with  infamy,  what  shall  be  the  record  of 
those  who  in  the  darkest  hour  of  their  country's  need, 
proved  traitors  to  their  trust  and  manhood!  In  those  days 
of  suffering  and  darkness,  without  pay,  food  or  clothing, 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  93 

some  left  their  country's  cause  and  joined  her  enemies,  but 
they  were  few;  but  what  shall  be  the  excuse  of  those  who, 
because  suffering  from  a  prolonged  imprisonment,  freely 
offered  to  enlist  under  the  rebel  banner  and  fight  to  destroy 
a  nation,  but  for  the  benefit  of  whose  free  schools  and  free 
institutions,  would  have  died  in  ignorance,  misery,  and 
perhaps  crime! 

We  have  heard  the  remark  from  some,  that  they  would 
not,  again,  fight  for  a  government  that  would  not  protect 
the  soldiers  from  imprisonment.  To  them  we  say,  you 
never  enlisted  to  fight  for  a  government  alone,  you  fought 
for  a  principle  dearer  than  life  to  every  manly  heart.  Go 
join  the  traitor's  crew!  We  would  rather  meet  you  as  a 
foe  than  stand  with  you  under  our  flag  which  you  would 
disgrace  ;  rather,  far  rather  would  we  see  you  boldly  lift 
your  traitorous  arm  to  strike  down  that  flag  than  to  play 
the  traitor.  Some  have  acted  the  traitor's  part  and  deserve 
the  traitor's  doom.  There  are  a  few  who  assert  that  they 
were  forced  to  enlist.  Shame  upon  him  who  declares  this! 
How  dared  you,  when  your  arm  was  needed  to  defend 
your  land  from  ruin,  wait  one  hour  without  offering  it 
freely  and  willingly  ?  God  forbid  any  such  should  fall  and 
have  their  names  recorded  by  the  side  of  the  heroes  who 
have  died  for  the  right.  As  on  "Honor's  Immortal  Tab 
lets"  there  will  be  a  place  for  Johnson,  Ellsworth,  Scott, 
and  the  many  who  have  stood  nobly  for  the  right*— brighter 
and  purer  than  the  patriots  of  '76  —  so  will  the  list  of  those 
who  are  recreant  now  be  infinitely  blacker  and  more  con 
temptible  than  those  who  were  Tories  then. 


94  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

The  following  are  those  whom  we  find  recorded  as  hav 
ing  deserted  the  cause  for  which  they  fought: 

Lieutenant  (?)  Francis  Milford  Peacock.  * 
Second  Lieutenant  Charles  Von  Gilsa.  f 
Second  Lieutenant  Von  Flaxenhouser.  f 
Private  William  Clark. 
Private  James  Button. 
Private  James  Hamilton. 
Private  James  Riley. 
Private  Francis  J.  Tappy. 
Private  Henry  Solger,  TRAITOR. 


*  Lieutenant  Peacock  joined  the  Confederate  Army  and  is    reported    as   having 
been  killed  in  a  drunken  brawl.      (  See  W.  A.  Abbott's  sketch. ) 

f  After  deserting  the  cause  of  the  country,  Lieutenants  Von  Gilsa  and  Von  Flax 
enhouser  joined  the  Confederate  Army. 


278 


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PHOTOGRAPHIC  REPRODUCTION  OF  A  PAGE  OF  THE  ORIGINAL  RECORD 
KEPT  BY  THE  CONFEDERATE  GOVERNMENT 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  97 


EXPERIENCE  OF  W.  A.  ABBOTT, 

LATE    ACTING    ENSIGN    UNITED    STATES    NAVY, 

AS  A  PRISONER  OF  WAR. 

As  acting  Master's  Mate  in  charge  of  a  prize  taken  by 
gunboat  South  Carolina  off  Galveston,  Texas,  I  was  cap 
tured  with  crew  of  five  men  off  Cape  Hatteras,  August  9, 
1 86 1,  by  Confederate  privateer  "York,"  and  carried  to 
Norfolk,  by  way  of  Edonton,  North  Carolina,  and  placed 
in  cell  of  City  Jail  and  told  that  I  was,  with  my  five  men, 
to  be  held  in  solitary  confinement  as  a  hostage  for  the  pri- 
vateersman  Smith,  condemned  as  a  pirate  by  the  United 
States  Court  at  Philadelphia.  The  feeling  at  that  time  was 
very  bitter  towards  the  "Yankees,"  as  all  Union  officers 
and  men  were  called,  and  but  for  the  courage  of  the  officers 
of  the  "York,"  a  mate,  both  at  Edonton  and  Norfolk, 
would  have  made  short  work  with  us. 

I  received  fair  treatment  from  the  jail  authorities,  from  the 
fact  that  many  of  my  old  shipmates  when  a  midshipman 
in  the  Navy,  from  1848  to  1853,  who  were  residents  or 
stationed  there,  called  to  see  me,  personally  enquired  for 
my  comfort  and  furnished  me  with  many  articles  and  even 
luxuries,  and  finally  succeeded  in  having  me  removed  to 
13 


98  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

better  quarters.     I  received  favors  at  this  time  which  1  have 
never  forgotten. 

In  October  following  I  was  removed  to  Richmond,  Vir 
ginia,  confined  in  Liggon's  Tobacco  Warehouse,  corner  of 
Twenty-fifth  and  Main  Streets,  in  the  lower  portion  of  the 
city,  in  the  district  known  as  Rockett's.  It  was  the  first 
building  used  as  a  prison  for  Union  officers  and  enlisted 
men,  and  known  as  prison  No.  i.  It  was  a  three  story 
brick  building,  30x70,  divided  on  the  first  floor  midway  by 
a  row  of  tobacco  presses.  The  windows  of  the  first  and 
second  stories  were  barred  with  iron,  and  were  to  be  used 
as  places  of  confinement  for  negroes  in  case  of  an  insurrec 
tion.  Officers  were  confined  on  the  first  floor  only.  At 
the  time  of  my  entrance  there  were  confined  there  about 
seventy-five  officers  and  several  hundred  enlisted  men,  and 
shortly  after  the  number  was  greatly  increased  by  the  offi 
cers  captured  at  Ball's  Bluff.  Captain  Gibbs'was  the  first 
commander  until  my  release  on  parole,  November  27th, 
1 86 1.  At  that  period  of  the  war  ample,  but  plain  food 
was  provided  for  the  officers,  and  those  that  had  money 
were  allowed  to  purchase  additional  supplies  from  the 
hucksters  who  daily  came  to  the  prison.  The  food  fur 
nished  the  enlisted  men  was  not  of  the  same  quality  as 
that  furnished  the  officers,  and  the  quantity  was  smaller. 
Many,  many  times  I  carried  half  of  my  own  rations  to  the 
poor  fellows  who  crowded  to  the  foot  of  the  stairs  leading 
to  the  next  floor,  and  who  looked  famished  and  pinched 
with  hunger.  About  twice  a  week  we  were  mustered  by 
the  "Dutch  Sergeant,"  who  was  in  immediate  charge  of 
the  officers,  and  if  a  prisoner  was  missing,  as  was  often  the 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  99 

case,  our  privilege  of  purchasing  papers  was  stopped  for  a 
day  or  two.  Smoking  tobacco  was  furnished  the  officers 
liberally,  and  occasionally  a  favored  one  was  invited  out  for 
an  evening  by  some  of  the  young  lieutenants  of  the  guard, 
Lieutenants  Booker,  Emack,  Bradford  and  Hairston.  We 
passed  our  time  in  various  ways,  playing  games,  reading, 
smoking,  etc.  At  10  p.  m.,  lights  were  put  out  and  we 
sought  our  bunks,  or  boards.  A  large  wood  tire  was  kept 
burning  night  and  day,  but  in  November  many  suffered  from 
cold,  particularly  on  the  side  nearest  to  the  entrance,  where 
the  doors  were  always  kept  open  and  a  sentry  on  guard. 
November  loth,  General  Winder,  attended  by  his  staff, 
entered  the  prison,  and  all  the  prisoners  were  collected 
around  him,  when  he  read  an  order  from  the  Confederate 
Secretary  of  War,  demanding  a  drawing  by  lots  of  four 
teen  of  the  officers  of  the  highest  rank,  to  be  placed  in 
close  confinement,  the  first  for  hostage  for  Smith,  the  others 
to  be  confined  in  cells  in  retaliation  for  treatment  of  Con- 
' federate  prisoners  captured  at  sea.  General  Winder  seemed 
greatly  affected,  but  was  obeying  the  orders  of  his  superior 
officers. 

The  unfortunate  officers  were  taken  from  the  prison  and 
placed  in  close  confinement.  I  may  say  here  that  this 
severe  treatment  had  its  desired  effect,  for  shortly  after, 
President  Lincoln  executed  his  order  directing  the  convicted 
Confederates  to  be  considered  only  as  prisoners  of  war,  the 
same  as  any  others  captured  by  the  Union  forces.  Perhaps 
these  officers  owed  their  lives  to  the  kind  heart  of  the  mar 
tyred  President.  Of  course  all  the  other  hostages  were 
released,  and  I  think  paroled.  The  venerable  Colonel  Lee 


IOO  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

is  yet  living  near  the  home  of  the  writer.  There  were 
many  cruel  acts  perpetrated  by  the  Confederate  guards  dur 
ing  my  stay  at  Richmond.  Several  soldiers  were  shot 
without  any  provocation  whatever.  I  believe  the  military 
authorities  were  innocent  of  any  complicity  in  these  acts. 
One  Sunday  afternoon  I  narrowly  escaped  being  shot 
myself.  Jefferson  Davis  was  riding  by ;  the  street  in  front  of 
the  prison  was  crowded  with  people  coming  down  to  see 
the  Yankees.  I  was  standing  close  by  the  window  looking 
out  when  one  of  the  men  threw  something  at  the  guard  on 
the  sidewalk  immediately  opposite.  The  guard  instantly 
raised  his  musket,  and,  taking  deliberate  aim,  fired  at  me, 
supposing  me  to  be  the  guilty  person.  Captain  O'Meara, 
of  the  42nd  New  York  (known  as  the  Tammany  Regi 
ment),  was  standing  near,  and,  seeing  the  danger  I  was  in, 
threw  me  quickly  and  violently  upon  my  back  almost  at 
the  instant  the  gun  was  discharged,  and  the  bullet  buried 
itself  in  one  of  the  beams  above  my  head.  I  had  the  satis 
faction,  however,  of  seeing  my  ''Johnny  Reb"  marched  up 
and  down  the  grounds  in  the  rear  of  the  prison  amid  the 
jeers  of  his  comrades. 

The  prison  record,  about  which  there  is  much  contro 
versy,  I  remember  well.  This  book  is  in  the  possession  of 
Mr.  Jeffrey  and  is  the  original  book.  Lieutenant  Hairston 
came  into  possession  of  it  some  time  later  than  November 
27th,  1 86 1.  The  names  which  appear  are  all  known  to  me 
as  having  been  in  Liggon's  Prison  (not  "  Libby")  during 
my  imprisonment.  Lieutenant  Hairston,  I  think,  got  the 
record  into  his  possession  after  January,  1862,  when  he 
succeeded  Captain  Goodwin  in  the  command  of  Liggon's 
Warehouse, 


[  From  a  pen  and  pencil  sketch  made  in  prison  by  \V.  A.  Abbott.] 


LIGGON  AND  COMPANY  S  TOBACCO  WAREHOUSE,  RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA, 
l86l.  THE  FIRST  BUILDING  USED  AS  A  PRISON  FOR  UNION- 
OFFICERS  AND  SOLDIERS 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  IO) 

Mr.  Francois  M.  Peacock,  who  claimed  to  be  a  lieutenant 
in  the  Navy,  was  a  sergeant  in  the  9ist  New  York  Zouaves 
Regiment,  and  was  a  fraud  and  a  beat  of  the  first-class. 
He  was  captured  in  Albermarle  Sound,  on  board  the 
"  Fanny,"  as  one  of  a  guard  in  charge  of  stores  for  the  2oth 
Indiana  Regiment,  who  were  camped  on  the  seaside  of 
the  sound.  After  his  capture  he  was  taken  to  Norfolk  and 
placed  in  the  same  room  with  me.  Peacock  never  was  in 
command  of  the  "Fanny, "and  Mr.  Ely  was  deceived  in 
him,  as  were  the  rest  of  us.  His  patriotism  can  be  judged 
from  the  fact  that  he  went  over  to  the  Rebels.  He  was  a 
rollicky,  bull-headed  sailor,  spoke  several  languages,  had 
the  gift  of  story-telling  to  perfection,  and  could  invent  more 
lies  in  one  evening  and  succeed  in  making  his  listeners 
believe  them  than  any  other  person  I  ever  met.  Peacock 
was  sent  to  Tuscaloosa  with  twenty-one  officers  and  one 
hundred  and  fifty  men,  November  22nd.  He  afterward 
entered  the  Rebel  army  and  ended  his  life  at  the  hands  of  a 
Confederate  in  a  drunken  brawl. 

When  paroled  I  had  the  freedom  of  Richmond  for  a  day. 
The  city  was  overrun  with  officers,  each  after  some  favor 
or  job.  After  nightfall  it  was  safer  for  a  stranger  to  be  in 
doors.  I  had  many  adventures  during  the  day,  some  of 
which  were  very  interesting,  but  space  does  not  allow  of 
their  being  described  in  this  article. 

At  dark  the  sentries  were  always  increased,  but  on  my 
attempted  return  from  Capitol  Hill,  where  I  had  been  to 
sign  parole  and  receive  despatches  for  General  Hager,  at 
Norfolk,  I  was  watched  and  followed  by  several  rough 
looking  parties  and  I  felt  obliged,  for  safety's  sake,  to  go 
back  and  ask  for  a  guard.  It  was  tendered  me  in  the  per- 


104  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

son  of  a  lieutenant  attached  to  headquarters,  who  accom 
panied  me  to  the  prison.  I  bade  good-bye  to  my  compan 
ions  and  to  the  commissary  of  the  post,  who  kindly  offered 
me  a  cot  for  the  night.  At  five  the  next  morning  I  left  by 
rail  for  Norfolk,  where,  after  reporting  to  General  Hager 
and  delivering  despatches,  I  was  sent  down  to  the  middle 
or  neutral  ground  in  a  Confederate  tug  and  transferred  to  a 
Union  vessel,  where,  with  the  old  stars  and  stripes  once 
more  waving  over  my  head,  I  felt  decidedly  happy.  I  was 
four  months  in  Rebeldom.  It  was  long  enough.  I 
never  knew  the  reason  for  my  parole;  I  was  finally  ex 
changed,  December  27th,  1861,  for  Hillsby  Cenas,  of  Ar 
kansas,  a  late  Union  midshipman,  imprisoned  at  Fort  War 
ren,  Boston. 

My  impression  is,  that  our  treatment  was  according  to 
the  whims  of  the  officers  guarding  us,  or  the  pressure  of 
public  opinion.  It  might  have  been  better,  it  could  have 
been  worse. 

JAMAICA  PLAINS,  MASS.,  May,  1890. 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  IO5 


MY    FIRST  WEEK   OF    CAPTIVITY. 


WRITTEN    BY    A    PRISONER    OF    WAR,     FOR     >k  STARS     AND     STRIPES     IN 

REBELDOM." 


THE  battle  of  Cross  Lanes,  Western  Virginia,  occurred  on 
Monday,  August  26th,  1861.  The  following  Tuesday  night 
about  eighty  of  the  Seventh  Ohio  Regiment  found  them 
selves  in  Floyd's  camp,  in  a  rail  pen,  surrounded  by  a  line 
of  hostile  bayonets.  To  attempt  a  description  of  our  feel 
ings  would  be  useless.  You,  who  have  been  through  sim 
ilar  experiences,  will  understand  them.  We  were  in  the 
hands  of  our  enemies  —  separated  from  the  regiment  of 
which  we  had  been  so  proud,  and  which  was  now  broken 
and  scattered  to  the  winds. 

We  knew  not  how  many  of  our  messmates  and  com 
rades  in  arms  were  dead,  or  wounded  and  perishing  in  the 
woods.  We  knew  that  months  of  imprisonment  were  be 
fore  us,  and  that  it  must  be  many  weeks  before  the  dear 
ones  at  home  could  know  of  our  fate.  Happily,  what  we 
had  undergone  had  so  blunted  and  benumbed  our  feelings 
that  we  were  unable  to  realize  the  full  extent  of  our  calam 
ity  ;  and  we  had  so  much  to  do  and  to  bear  in  the  present, 
that  we  had  no  time  for  repining  or  speculating  about  the 
14 


106  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

future.  We  were  to  go  to  Richmond,  and  had  a  march  of 
a  hundred  miles  to  reach  the  Virginia  Central  Railroad  at 
Jacksonville. 

We  set  out  Wednesday  afternoon  at  three  o'clock.  I  re 
member  it  perfectly  because  it  was  Commencement  Day  at 
our  college,  and  I  was  to  have  graduated  that  very  day. 
We  came  to  Gauley  river,  went  over  by  ferry  and  marched 
up  the  hill  on  the  other  side,  wrhere  we  found  a  small  body 
of  troops  encamped.  We  were  put  into  another  rail  pen 
like  the  previous  one  in  Floyd's  Camp.  There  were  not  so 
many  hundred  eyes  to  stare  at  us,  but  we  had  no  blankets, 
only  a  handful  of  straw  to  sleep  on  and  nothing  to  protect 
us  from  the  incessant  rain.  We  were  soon  wet  to  the  skin 
and  passed  a  sleepless  and  miserable  night.  We  secured 
nothing  to  eat  until  midnight,  Rations  of  flour  and  beef 
were  given  us,  but  we  had  only  three  small  "skillets"  in 
which  to  cook  the  supper  for  eighty  men.  We  were  told 
that,  by  mistake,  cooking  utensils  for  the  guards  only  had 
been  put  in  the  wagons  which  came  with  us,  but  that  the 
guards  would  generously  divide  with  us. 

In  the  morning  it  was  still  raining.  We  had  some  raw 
beef  and  dough  partly  heated  for  our  breakfast.  Our 
elbows  were  drawn  behind  us  and  tied  together  with  ropes 
and  we  were  ready  to  proceed.  We  traveled  all  day, 
through  mud  and  rain,  without  dinner  or  supper,  till  mid 
night.  We  were  put  into  a  large  barn  for  the  night,  where 
we  made  ourselves  comfortable  in  the  hay.  The  next  day 
the  sun  shone,  but  the  roads  were  very  bad.  The  officers 
who  were  with  us,  a  captain  and  lieutenant,  having  given 
their  parole  not  to  escape,  were  not  obliged  to  wear  ropes 
nor  to  march  in  the  ranks.  They  went  forward  early,  to 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  IO7 

reach  our  stopping  place  before  night,  to  make  a  fire  and 
borrow  some  kettles  in  order  that  we  might  be  able  to  cook 
our  supper  earlier.  Notwithstanding  these  precautions,  it 
was  nearly  midnight  before  we  got  anything  to  eat.  Many 
were  so  exhausted  and  sleepy  that  they  did  not  wake  at  all 
to  partake  of  the  delicate  viands.  This  made  all  the  more 
for  the  rest. 

The  next  day  we  passed  through  some  fine  country  and 
sometimes  caught  a  view  of  some  distant  peak  of  the  Alle- 
ghanies.  In  the  afternoon  we  passed  through  Lewisburg 
—  the  finest  place  we  had  seen  since  coming  to  western 
Virginia.  Here,  as  at  other  places,  the  people  flocked  out 
to  see  us.  A  "Yankee"  seemed  to  be  as  much  of  an 
object  of  curiosity  to  them  as  a  live  hippopotamus  would 
have  been.  They  stared  at  us  civilly  for  the  most  part, 
only  the  small  boys  shouted  "Yankee,"  and  "Yankee 
Doodle."  A  large  company  followed  us  out  of  town  as  far 
as  the  first  mile  board.  The  Virginians  commonly  called 
us  "Yanks,"  usually  with  "damned"  prefixed.  Some 
times  when  the  fame  of  our  regiment  had  gone  before  us, 
we  were  saluted  as  "the  Ohio  pets."  The  next  morning, 
September  ist,  we  passed  through  the  famous  watering- 
place,  White  Sulphur  Springs.  A  Georgia  regiment  was 
stationed  here  and  the  soldiers  followed  us  from  the  time 
we  entered  the  grounds  till  we  got  out  of  town,  hallooing 
and  shouting,  and  offering  various  prices  for  a  Yankee 
scalp.  These  gentlemen  prevented  us  from  enjoying  the 
sights  of  this  picturesque  little  place  as  much  as  we  might 
otherwise  have  done.  One  of  the  guard  brought  me  a 
drink  of  water.  The  place  seemed  nearly  deserted  of  all 
inhabitants,  except  soldiers.  About  noon  we  crossed  the 


108  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

highest  edge  of  the  Alleghanies  over  which  the  turnpike 
passes.  We  saw  some  very  fine  scenery.  From  some  of 
these  peaks  the  view  of  the  hills  opposite  was  truly  grand. 
At  certain  points  we  could  catch  glimpses  of  hills  stretch 
ing  fifty  miles  away,  and  bounded  by  hills  whose  blue  tops 
met  and  mingled  with  the  clouds.  Then  there  were  views 
of  cultivated  hillsides,  and  far-reaching  valleys,  farm,  wood 
land,  and  stream, — spread  out  like  a  map  before  and  be 
low  us.  These  beauties  of  nature  made  me  forget  for  the 
time  that  I  was  a  weary,  footsore,  and  hungry  prisoner  of 
war,  with  hemp-cord  on  my  arms. 

The  next  morning  we  got  an  early  start,  passed  through 
Covington,  and  arrived  at  Jacksonville  Station,  the  end  of 
our  journey,  before  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  We  had 
marched  over  one  hundred  miles  in  four  days  and  a  half 
and  were  glad  to  have  it  over.  The  rest  of  the  way  to 
Richmond  we  rode  on  the  cars.  Quite  a  body  of  troops 
were  stationed  at  Jacksonville.  The  soldiers  treated  us 
civilly,  of  course,  but  followed  and  stared  at  us,  a  thing 
we  had  become  pretty  well  used  to  by  this  time.  While 
we  were  waiting  for  the  cars,  and  resting  ourselves  in  the 
shade  of  the  depot,  quite  a  crowd  gathered  round  and  be 
gan  talking  to  us.  They  asked  civil  questions,  and  occa 
sionally  attempted  to  joke  us  a  little  on  our  position  as 
prisoners.  We  replied  to  their  jokes  in  as  merry  a  strain  as 
we  could  under  the  circumstances. 

One  little  old  man  in  the  crowd  piped  out  what  he  con 
sidered  a  home  thrust :  "  I  reckon  you  un's  want  to  see  your 
mammies  about  this  time."  One  of  our  boys  replied, 
"Well,  that  may  be,  but  the  most  of  us  have  been 
\veaned."  Here  an  officer,  Major  of  a  Georgia  regiment, 


MISS     VAN     LEW 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  109 

who  had  been  a  spectator  some  time,  stepped  up  with 
thumbs  in  the  arm  holes  of  his  waistcoat,  and  with  a  genu 
ine  slave-driving  flourish  and  manner,  addressed  himself  to 
the  last  speaker, —  "You're  a  prisoner  and  a  Yankee;  I 
want  you  to  understand  that.  We've  had  enough  of  your 
damned  insolence.  Shut  up  and  behave  as  a  prisoner 
should,  or  I'll  rope  you.  I  have  the  authority,  and  I'll  do 
it."  Roping  is  a  Southern  synonym  for  hanging.  I  ven 
tured  not  very  meekly  to  inquire,  "  How  a  prisoner  ought 
to  behave."  I  was  assured  if  he  had  to  teach  me,  it 
would  not  be  at  all  to  my  liking.  He  continued  his  bluster 
for  some  minutes,  after  which  he  went  away  to  quarrel 
with  our  Captain  whom  he  declared  had  violated  his  parole. 
The  Captain,  however,  explained  matters  to  his  satisfac 
tion.  I  trust  this  fellow's  insolence  grew  out  of  his  having 
taken  too  much  brandy.  Our  guards  who  treated  us  with 
uniform  kindness,  made  this  apology  for  him. 

We  soon  took  the  cars,  and  after  a  run  of  seventy  miles 
were  quartered  for  the  night  in  comfortable  barracks,  and 
provided'  with  better  food  than  we  had  tasted  since  our 
captivity.  The  next  day  we  passed  through  a  variety  of 
interesting  scenery,  now  among  the  hills  and  then  in  a 
broad  level  country  like  the  lake  region  of  Ohio,  only  not 
so  well  cultivated  or  productive.  We  reached  Richmond 
about  sunset,  and  after  waiting  an  hour  and  a  half,  sub 
jected  to  the  usual  complimentary  attention  by  the  crowd, 
were  marched  to  our  place  of  confinement,  in  "  Atkinson's 
Tobacco  Factory. ' ' 


I  IO  RICHMOND    PRISONS 


MY   EXPERIENCE   AS    A    PRISONER 
OF    WAR. 

BY    J.    LANE     FITTS,    COMPANY    B,    2ND    NEW    HAMPSHIRE    VOLUNTEERS. 

IN  the  evening  of  the  fourth  day  after  the  battle  of  Manas- 
sas,  or  the  first  Bull  Run,  we  arrived  in  Richmond.  We 
were  marched  from  the  railroad  station  to  one  of  the 
tobacco  houses  in  the  lower  part  of  the  city,  near  the  James 
River  and  the  Canal.  On  the  way  we  met  a  battalion  of 
Confederate  troops,  who  greeted  us  with  the  afterwards 
well  known  rebel  yell.  Arrived  at  the  prison  we  were 
marched  through  the  lower  story,  which  was  occupied 
with  tobacco  presses,  and  put  into  the  second  and  third 
stories  of  the  building.  I  had  received  one  cracker  from 
the  Confederates,  but  not  a  drop  of  water  since  the  battle. 
I  had  asked  the  guards  for  some  water  repeatedly,  and 
even  asked  General  Beauregard  for  some  at  Manassas 
Junction.  All  the  water  1  had  drank  for  four  days  was 
some  rainwater  that  I  caught  in  my  rubber  blanket  the 
next  day  after  the  battle.  The  prisoners  were  in  a  perfect 
frenzy  from  hunger  and  thirst.  An  attempt  was  made  to 
feed  and  give  us  water,  but  the  moment  a  bucket  of  water 


RICHMOND  PRISONS  1 1  i 

was  brought  into  the  room,  such  was  the  rush  of  men 
crowding  and  fighting  for  it,  that  it  was  nearly  all  spilled 
upon  the  floor.  A  tray  of  bacon  shared  the  same  fate;  so 
the  attempt  was  given  up,  and  we  were  locked  up  for  the 
night.  A  feeling  of  utter  exhaustion  and  faintness  was 
the  principal  sensation  with  me,  and  I  laid  upon  the  floor, 
except  when  the  water  and  bacon  were  brought  in,  when 
to  lie  upon  the  floor  was  to  be  trodden  upon  by  frenzied 
men.  I  found  a  small  slice  of  bacon  that  had  been  tram 
pled  upon  the  floor  and  swallowed  it  without  wiping  or 
chewing  it.  That  night  the  building  was  fired  into  three 
times,  but  fortunately  no  one  was  killed.  The  next  day 
some  negroes  surrounded  with  guards  brought  in  some 
trays  of  bacon  and  bread,  and  some  soup;  and  one  man  at 
a  time  was  allowed  to  take  a  piece  of  bacon,  a  piece  of 
bread  and  about  two-thirds  of  a  gill  of  soup.  We  were 
also  furnished  with  water,  which  was  obtained  from  a 
spring  not  far  away. 

There  were  over  fifty  of  us  members  of  the  2nd  New 
Hampshire  Volunteers,  including  the  wounded,  who  were 
put  in  another  building  near  by.  We  were  in  charge  of 
the  notorious  Wirtz,  known  in  prison  at  that  time  as  the 
''Dutch  Sergeant."  The  officer  next  above  him  was  Lieu 
tenant  Todd,  a  brother  of  Abraham  Lincoln's  wife.  Lieu 
tenant  Todd,  when  upon  the  street  near  our  windows  one 
day,  overheard  some  conversation  that  did  not  suit  him. 
He  drew  his  sword  and  rushing  upstairs,  stabbed  the  first 
man  he  came  across,  wounding  him  so  that  he  had  to  be 

removed  to  the  hospital.    ' '  Every  d d  Yankee, "  he  said, 

"ought  to  be  served  the  same  way."     A  favorite  expres- 


1  12  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

sion  of  his  was,  "1  would  like  to  cut  'Old  Abe's'  heart 
out." 

The  floor  of  the  rooms  in  which  we  were  at  first  con 
fined  fortunately  was  not  level,  so  that  a  foul  stream  of 
mud  and  water  from  the  sink  settled  on  one  side  of  the 
room  to  the  depth  of  one  or  two  inches.  One  of  our  men 
became  insane  and,  tearing  his  clothing  into  shreds,  spent 
his  time  splashing  in  the  mud.  This  mud  covered  about 
one-third  of  the  floor  and  it  was  with  difficulty  that  we 
crowded  to  one  side  at  night  so  as  to  keep  out  of  the  mud. 

This  state  of  things  continued  about  a  week,  when  we 
were  removed  to  the  Pemberton  building  on  the  other  side 
of  the  street  where  we  had  the  luxury  of  a  dry  floor. 
Some  of  us  were  sick  with  diarrhoea,  and  as  only  two 
were  allowed  to  go  out,  in  charge  of  a  guard,  at  a  time, 
the  line  of  men  waiting  for  a  privilege  was  in  the  daytime 
from  twelve  to  twenty-five  long.  Money  was  very  scarce 
among  us,  but  I  have  known  twenty-five  cents  to  be  offered 
and  refused  for  a  position  in  the  line  near  the  door.  It 
seemed  to  us  that  this  was  a  wanton  and  unnecessary 
cruelty. 

After  a  few  weeks  in  Pemberton,  we  removed  to  another 
building  further  down  the  street  and  upon  the  south  side 
of  it.  It  was  in  this  building  that  William  C.  Beck  was 
shot  and  instantly  killed  while  standing  by  a  window.  He 
was  from  Concord,  Staten  Island,  and  a  member  of  the 
loth  Company,  7ist  New  York  Volunteers.  I  have  no 
doubt  it  was  done  by  order  of  Wirtz,  as  he  had  threatened 
to  "order  the  guard  to  shoot  every  'tarn  Yankee'  who 
looks  out  of  the  window."  This  firing  into  the  crowd  of 
prisoners,  often  without  any  warning  and  without  any 


HI  ° 

2    j> 


H)       n 
Q 


B 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  I  I  5 

known  reason,  was  of  frequent  occurrence.  All  the  build 
ings  in  which  I  was  confined  were  fired  into  repeatedly. 

I  will  say  in  regard  to  our  food,  that  the  Confederacy 
had  not  at  this  time  fully  entered  upon  its  policy  of  system 
atically  disabling  their  prisoners  by  starvation  and  abuse; 
but  the  scarcity  of  rations  was  such  that  we  used  all  the 
money  we  had  when  we  were  captured,  and  then  sold  to 
the  guards  everything  we  could  spare  to  buy  bread.  Still 
there  was  very  much  suffering  from  hunger.  At  times 
some  of  us  could  get  enough  by  outwitting  the  commissary. 

There  was  a  great  lack  of  system  in  our  treatment  and 
its  varying  from  day  to  day  caused  much  sickness  and 
trouble.  The  successes  of  Bull  Run  and  Ball's  Bluff  made 
them  arrogant  and  overbearing.  Wirtz,  or  the  "  Dutch 
Sergeant,"  at  times  showed  a  most  brutal  disposition.  It 
gives  me  pleasure  to  here  acknowledge  the  kindness  of 
some  guards  from  Florida  in  return,  as  they  said,  for  kind 
ness  shown  to  some  of  their  regiment  who  were  captured 
by  the  Federal  forces. 

We  at  first  hoped  and  expected  to  be  exchanged,  but 
week  after  week  passed  and  months  of  alternate  hope  and 
despair  were  passed,  until  the  last  hope  of  a  speedy  release 
died  out,  when  the  order  came  for  us  to  be  sent  to  New 
Orleans,  where  we  were  confined  in  the  old  ''Parish 
Prison." 

Candia,  New  Hampshire,    April  ist,  1890. 


Il6  RICHMOND    PRISONS 


THE    ESCAPE    OF    COLONEL    CHARLES 
A.   DEVILLIERS 


From  the  "Blue  Coats.' 


THE  experience  of  Colonel  Charles  A.  DeVilliers  of  the 
Eleventh  Ohio  regiment,  who  was  captured  in  1861  and 
conveyed  to  Richmond,  and  who  afterward  made  his 
escape,  is  thus  detailed  : 

Arriving  at  Richmond,  he  was  taken  to  a  tobacco  ware 
house,  where  he  found  forty  other  prisoners.  In  the  room 
was  neither  table  nor  bed.  He  was  kept  without  food.,  no 
breakfast  being  given  him  the  next  morning  after  his 
arrival,  and  when  finally  a  little  bread  was  brought  it  was 
thrown  upon  the  floor  as  to  dogs  ;  and  the  quantity  so 
small  that  every  man  must  make  double  quick  in  grabbing 
it  or  he  got  none,  and  was  compelled  to  beg  from  the 
others.  But  there  were  rich  officers  who  could  buy  some 
thing  to  eat ;  for  if  the  rebels  did  not  love  the  Northerner, 
they  loved  his  gold.  The  colonel  was  taken  with  brain 
fever  in  prison  and  was  removed  to  the  hospital  and  there 
he  found  that  the  kindness  of  the  physicians  so  often  spoken 
of  was  from  our  own  surgeons  and  not  from  those  of  the 
Confederacy. 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  I  17 

Being  a  physician  by  profession,  Colonel  DeVilliers,  when 
sufficiently  recovered,  was  asked  to  assist  in  the  hospital, 
which  he  consented  to  do.  He  was  thus  permitted  to 
enjoy  more  liberty  than  would  otherwise  have  been 
accorded  him.  By  good  fortune  one  day  the  commanding 
generals  gave  the  physicians  liberty  to  go  into  the  city 
several  times.  They  wore  as  a  distinguishing  mark  a  red 
ribbon  fixed  in  their  buttonhole.  When  he  encountered 
the  sentinel  he  was  challenged  and  forbidden  to  pass,  on 
the  ground  that  being  a  prisoner  the  order  of  the  General 
did  not  include  him.  Now,  as  they  called  him  a  "  French 
Yankee,"  he  thought  he  would  play  them  a  Yankee  trick. 
So  he  wrote  a  note  stating  that  he  icas  included.  When 
he  returned  to  the  hospital  the  rebel  physician  said  he  had 
been  prasticing  deceit  and  must  consequently  go  back 
among  the  prisoners.  He  was  again  incarcerated  and  put 
in  irons.  He  soon  made  up  his  mind,  however,  to  escape 
or  die  in  the  attempt.  He  was  asked  by  the  rebels  to  take 
an  oath  of  allegiance,  but  said,  ftl  have  taken  an  oath  as  a 
naturalized  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  I  will  never 
take  another  to  conflict  with  it."  He  had  been  tempted  by 
the  offer  of  position,  but  he  abhorred  the  enemies  of  the 
Union  and  could  never  forget  that  he  came  to  this  country 
for  liberty's  sake.  He  told  Colonel  Woodruff  of  his  deter 
mination  to  escape.  Colonel  Woodruff  wished  him  well 
and  hoped  he  could  succeed.  He  obtained  the  coat  and  hat 
of  a  secession  officer,  and  in  that  garb  succeeded  in  passing 
the  guard. 

Colonel  DeVilliers,  while  Bridge-Inspector  at  camp  Ueni- 
son,  Ohio,  learned  a  lesson  from  the  soldiers  who  wanted 
to  go  to  Cincinnati.  They  were  in  the  habit  of  lying  in 


Il8  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

the  bushes  to  hear  the  countersign,  and  having  obtained  it 
would  pass  the  guard.  Without  the  countersign  he  could 
not  pass  beyond  the  gate,  even  in  his  full  uniform.  So  he 
lay  for  about  two  hours  behind  the  guard  house  in  the 
night,  until  he  learned  the  countersign. 

The  guard  called  at  his  approach,  "Who  comes  there?" 
"A  friend  with  the  countersign,"  he  replied.  He  passed 
the  guard,  the  gate  was  opened  and  he  was  once  more 
free. 

He  made  his  way  directly  to  Manassas  Junction.  About 
six  miles  from  Richmond  he  was  encountered  by  a  guard 
and  to  his  challenge  replied,  "A  friend  without  the  coun 
tersign."  He  had  the  precaution  to  lay  the  double-barreled 
shot  gun  which  he  contrived  to  get  before  he  escaped  from 
Richmond  down  before  he  approached  the  guard.  He  had 
besides  this  a  revolver  and  bowie  knife.  Approaching, 
they  asked  him  where  he  was  from  and  whither  he  was 
going.  He  replied  from  Richmond  to  Petersburg  ;  they 
then  asked  him  why  he  did  not  take  the  cars  and  he  said 
he  had  missed  the  train.  They  then  took  him  into  custody 
and  marched,  one  on  each  side  of  him,  upon  a  narrow 
bridge  crossing  a  stream  near  at  hand.  The  situation  was 
desperate,  but  he  was  determined  never  to  go  back  to 
Richmond  ;  so  when  they  were  about  in  the  middle  of  the 
bridge  he  struck  to  the  right  and  left,  knocking  one  of  the 
guards  on  one  side  and  the  other  on  the  other  side  over 
into  the  water  and  giving  them  both  a  good  swim.  He 
then  made  his  way  toward  Petersburg,  subsisting  for  three 
days  upon  nothing  but  a  few  raw  beans.  Upon  this  tramp 
for  a  distance  of  sixty-five  miles,  he  carried  a  pine  board 
for  crossing  rivers  upon  his  shoulders.  During  his  travels 


[From  a  tintype.] 

A  CRICKET,  THE  COVERING  OF  WHICH  WAS  AN  OLD  CURTAIN  OBTAINED 
BY  ONE  OF  THE  PRISONERS,  AND  FROM  WHICH  A  PAIR  OF 
TROUSERS  WAS  MADE.  THE  TROUSERS  WERE  WORN  BY  PRIVATE 
ALBERT  L.  HALL,  COMPANY  I,  SECOND  REGIMENT  NEW  HAMP 
SHIRE  VOLUNTEERS.  THE  MATERIAL  IS  OF  BRIGHT  COLORS 
AND  MUST  HAVE  MADE  A  GAUDY  UNIFORM.  MR.  HALL,  UPON 
HIS  RELEASE,  MADE  THE  PANTALOONS  OVER  INTO  A  BAG,  IN 
WHICH  TO  CARRY  HIS  POSSESSIONS  HOME.  MRS.  HALL,  DESIR 
ING  TO  PRESERVE  THIS  INTERESTING  RELIC,  COVERED  THIS 
FOOTSTOOL  WITH  IT 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  121 

he  was  shot  at  several  times.  When  he  arrived  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Magruder's  forces  his  hardest  time  began. 
He  tried  to  pass  sentinels  several  times  and  at  one  time  was 
twice  shot  at  in  quick  succession.  He  returned  their  lire, 
but  did  not  know  whether  he  hit  the  two  sentinels  or  not. 
At  any  rate  they  never  answered.  The  whole  brigade, 
however,  was  aroused  and  he  took  to  the  James  river  on 
what  he  called  his  skiff.  He  landed  on  the  farther  side  of  a 
swamp,  recrossing  again  near  Jamestown,  where  he  lost 
his  gun.  He  had  cast  away  his  officer's  coat  and  what 
remained  of  his  suit  was  getting  very  rusty,  so  he  resolved 
to  take  an  open  course  and  to  ask  for  work,  but  like  the 
poor  men  in  the  South  when  they  asked  for  work  he  was 
told  to  go  into  the  service.  Even  the  ladies  did  not  conde 
scend  to  notice  a  young  man  unless  he  was  in  service. 
Finally,  he  hired  out  to  a  German  blacksmith  at  $1.50  per 
week,  having  concluded  to  remain  in  the  vicinity  a  while 
and  learn  something  if  possible  of  the  condition  of  the 
rebel  forces.  He  stayed  a  fortnight,  taking  careful  obser 
vations  of  all  the  rebels'  movements.  At  the  expiration  of 
this  time  he  was  tired  of  blacksmithing  and  said  he  wanted 
to  go  home. 

He  found  a  loyal  German  Union  man  to  whom  he  told 
his  story.  The  colonel  now  adopted  another  Yankee  trick, 
pretending  to  be  a  blind  man,  and  the  loyal  German  was 
his  companion  and  guide.  Dropping  the  Yankee  French, 
he  became  to  all  appearances  a  French  subject  and  was  very 
anxious  to  return  to  France  immediately  as  he  could  not 
find  any  work  to  do  in  this  country.  He  told  this  story  to 
General  Huger  when  he  came  into  his  command.  The 
General  promised  to  send  him  to  Fortress  Monroe  with  a 

16 


122  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

• 

flag  of  truce,  and  the  next  flag  of  truce  that  was  sent  he 
accompanied,  blind  still  and  led  by  the  faithful  German. 

He  contrived,  unobserved,  to  tell  the  captain  of  the  flag 
party  that  he  was  a  prisoner,  a  Union  officer ;  that  he  had 
assumed  blindness  as  a  disguise.  The  young  officer 
informed  General  Wool  of  the  fact  and  Wool,  being  an  old 
soldier,  comprehended  the  matter  at  once  and  immediately 
sent  another  boat  out  after  him.  It  was  too  late,  however, 
for  the  rebel  officer  had  become  impatient  at  the  delay  and 
had  hastened  off.  Having  lost  his  German  guide,  General 
Huger  himself  led  the  poor  old  blind  man  with  unaffected 
sympathy  to  the  hotel  and  there  assured  him  that  he  should 
go  with  the  next  flag  of  truce  that  was  sent  and  he  further 
took  the  trouble  to  write  a  personal  letter  to  General  Wool 
about  the  old  French  blind  man  who  wanted  to  go  home. 
Colonel  DeVilliers  remarked  that  General  Huger  evinced 
true  kindness  toward  him. 

With  the  next  flag  there  was  a  number  of  ladies  who 
were  leaving  the  South  for  a  trip  to  the  North.  Though 
blind,  he  could  see  the  glances  they  exchanged  and  though 
old  and  somewhat  deaf  he  could  hear  the  officers  tell  the 
ladies  to  learn  all  they  could  and  come  back  with  the  infor 
mation,  wishing  them  much  success.  It  was  surprising 
what  line  spies  they  made,,  withal.  When  he  finally 
reached  safe  quarters,  the  Colonel  threw  off  his  disguise, 
saw  and  was  strong,  and  observed,  without  surprise  him 
self,  the  astonishment  of  the  ladies  at  the  sudden  turn  of 
affairs. 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  123 


TEN   MONTHS    IN    CONFEDERATE 
PRISONS. 

BY     A     MEMBER     OF    COMPANY     B,     2ND     NEW     HAMPSHIRE      REGIMENT 
VOLUNTEERS. 

I  WILL  endeavor  to  narrate  the  principal  events  that  came 
under  my  own  observation  and  experience  during  a  cap 
tivity  of  ten  months. 

I  leave  for  abler  writers  to  describe  the  battle  of  Bull 
Run;  suffice  it  to  say  that  we  started  from  camp  near  Cen- 
treville  on  the  morning  of  July  21,  1861,  with  a  ration  of 
hard-tack  in  our  haversacks  and  our  canteens  filled  with 
water  in  which  a  little  vinegar  was  mixed ;  this  supply  of 
soured  water  became  exhausted  long  before  night,  and, 
as  our  stomachs  had  not  become  used  to  the  hardships  of 
war  sufficiently  to  take  kindly  to  the  muddy  and  bloody 
water  on  the  battlefield,  we  suffered  intensely  from  thirst. 

At  sundown  of  that  hot  July  day,  the  Second  New  Hamp 
shire  Regiment  was  scattered  in  many  directions,  but  with 
one  aim, — to  get  back  to  Washington.  I  retreated  arm- 
in-arm  with  comrade  George  T.  Carter  for  several  miles. 
I  tried  every  stream  and  puddle  that  we  crossed,  with  my 
filter,  but  could  not  draw  a  drop  of  water  through.  I 


124  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

started  into  the  woods  to  the  left  to  find  some  just  before 
an  attack  was  made  upon  our  retreating  forces  by  a  force 
of  cavalry  and  artillery  near  Cub  Run  Bridge.  I  sat  down 
on  a  log  in  the  woods  until  a  little  rested,  and  then  re 
newed  the  search  for  water.  It  was  now  quite  dark,  and 
seeing  a  company  of  cavalry  who  had  on  what  I  mistook 
for  the  United  States  uniform,  I  came  out  of  the  woods  and 
was  "gobbled  up."  The  "Johnnies"  were  getting  the 
captured  guns  out  of  Cub  Run  and  hauling  them  back  to 
Stone  Bridge.  They  allowed  me  ride  upon  one  of  the 
horses,  with  which  they  were  drawing  captured  guns, 
until  we  came  to  Stone  Bridge,  where  they  passed  me  over 
to  Colonel  Jones,  who  seemed  mighty  glad  to  see  me,  for 
he  was  counting  up  his  spoils  of  Yankees  and  cannon  with 
immense  satisfaction.  I  laid  down  upon  the  ground  until 
they  got  together  some  eight  or  ten  of  the  prisoners,  when 
we  started,  under  a  strong  guard  of  cavalry,  toward  Ma- 
nassas  Junction.  So  great  was  my  thirst  that  I  picked  up 
the  mud  when  we  passed  through  muddy  places  and  sucked 
the  moisture.  At  last  we  arrived  at  Manassas  Junction  and 
were  paraded  before  General  Beauregard.  My  impression 
of  him  was  favorable.  In  a  few  minutes  we  were  put  into 
an  enclosure  with  other  prisoners  surrounded  by  guards. 
Here  I  laid  down  and  slept  soundly  until  late  next  morning. 
In  the  afternoon  of  Tuesday,  the  second  day  after  the 
battle,  we  were  loaded  into  some  box-cars  and  started  for 
Richmond.  My  haversack,  which  was  of  rubber-cloth, 
I  exchanged  with  one  of  the  guards  for  his  cotton  one,  re 
ceiving  in  exchange  fifty  cents,  which  I  gave  him  to  get 
me  some  crackers.  When  we  arrived  at  Richmond,  he 
returned  the  money,  saying  that  he  had  no  time  to  get  the 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


1  25 


crackers;  thereby  showing  himself  to  be  an  honest  man. 
We  were  marched  through  the  streets  of  Richmond  in  the 
evening  to  our  place  of  confinement,  Liggon's  Tobacco 
Factory.  This  place  is  sometimes  spoken  of  as  Libby 


MRS.    VAX     LEW 

[  From  a  rough  sketch.] 

Prison,  but  was  used  before  Libby  Prison  came  into  exist 
ence. 

This  prison  was  known  as  Rockett's  Prison,  No.  i,  and 
was  located  in  the  lower  part  of  the  city  near  James  river, 
and  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  2^th  streets.  It  was  a 
three  story  building  with  the  lower  windows  barred,  the 
lower  floor  being  partly  filled  with  tobacco  presses.  We 


126  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

were  conducted  to  the  second  and  third  stories  which  be 
came  so  crowded  that  there  was  not  room  for  all  to  lie 
down,  if  they  so  desired. 

The  prisoners  were  in  a  state  of  perfect  frenzy  from  hun 
ger  and  thirst.  An  attempt  was  made  to  give  us  some 
water  and  bacon,  but  the  moment  a  bucket  of  water  was 
brought  into  the  room,  such  was  the  rush  of  men  with 
their  dippers  that  it  was  nearly  all  spilled  on  the  floor.  A 
tray  of  bacon  came  to  grief  in  the  same  way,  so  the  at 
tempt  was  given  up  and  we  were  fastened  in  for  the  night. 
During  the  night  the  cries  of  the  prisoners  for  food  and 
water  were  only  answered  with  bullets  from  the  guards. 
My  most  vivid  imagination  of  Pandemonium  did  not  ex 
ceed  what  was  then  a  present  reality. 

The  next  morning  the  men  were  calmer,  but  there  was 
a  haggard  and  fierce  expression  to  the  countenances  of  my 
companions  that  was  really  frightful.  That  day  a  very 
wise  method  was  taken  to  feed  us.  Some  negroes,  sur 
rounded  by  a  guard  with  fixed  bayonets,  brought  in  thin 
slices  of  bacon  and  bread,  and  one  man  at  a  time  was 
allowed  to  step  up  and  take  one  of  each.  In  the  afternoon 
soup  was  brought  in,  in  the  same  way,  and  a  gill  dipper 
two-thirds  full  was  allowed  to  each  man ;  we  were  also 
supplied  with  water.  This,  according  to  my  recollection, 
was  Friday,  the  sixth  day  after  the  battle. 

For  a  few  days  after  our  arrival  at  the  prison,  we  were 
allowed  to  take  our  rations  one  by  one  from  the  tray  which 
was  brought  in  by  the  negroes.  After  a  few  days  we  were 
divided  into  squads,  one  of  each  squad,  called  sergeant, 
drawing  the  rations  for  his  squad.  Some  sharp  tricks  were 
often  played  in  drawing  rations.  The  squad  of  seven  to 


Come  6roMer  jo&'fotitrsjo<t\  in 


in       f/9/vstn  ^      riot 

Chorus  A*  //  o  n  :  &>//  on  .' 


Ourf,',*»<Sf  at-  Acme 
To 


Our  fffrern  merit  if  6ounc/  /o 


ur    orne  out-  Jrtencff  fe 

Jffotf  a/t  "Df  .  din/  refioa  f. 


on 
AStt 


Soon  fa    ome  o-u* 

'&e 

At  A<s  tin*  of 


'/e  and  ire/tome  <*r 


and 


''of/forfsroctafton,  (5 


RICHMOND  PRISONS  129 

which  I  was  attached  several  times  drew  rations  for  seven 
teen  men.  This  prosperity,  however,  was  short-lived ;  for 
the  commissary,  in  trying  to  balance  his  accounts,  found 
he  had  been  issuing  several  hundred  more  rations  than  he 
had  Yankees  to  feed,  so  a  stop  was  put  to  that  at  once. 
Our  ration  at  this  time  was  a  small  piece  of  bread,  a  smaller 
piece  of  bacon,  and  two-thirds  of  a  gill  of  soup,  with  a 
gill  of  coffee,  until  Hatteras  was  captured,  when  that  lux 
ury  was  cut  off. 

Some  of  the  Union  troops  were  paid  off  just  before  the 
battle,  and  there  was  probably  between  five  hundred  and 
one  thousand  dollars  in  gold  among  the  prisoners.  The 
gold  the  confederates  were  quite  willing  to  take,  and  so 
one  man  from  each  room  was  allowed  to  go  out  into  the 
city  with  a  guard,  and  buy  for  the  rest  of  the  men  in  his 
room.  After  our  gold  was  gone,  we  sold  one  article  after 
another  to  the  guards.  My  last  trade  of  this  kind  was  a 
rubber  blanket,  which  1  sold  for  one  dollar,  and  with  the 
proceeds  bought  one  loaf  of  bread  for  several  days.  When 
this  was  consumed  I  was  in  a  condition  to  enjoy  poor 
health,  for  a  slight  illness,  with  loss  of  appetite,  was  cer 
tainly  more  comfortable  than  the  gnawing  of  hunger.  On 
recovering  from  an  illness  the  return  of  the  appetite  was  a 
thing  to  be  dreaded. 

We  had  ^  view  of  the  street  from  our  windows,  and  we 
saw  ragged  recruits  pass,  preceded  by  still  more  ragged 
negro  musicians,  almost  daily.  On  Sundays  the  negro 
population  seemed  to  turn  out  en  masse,  and  go  to  church 
in  the  showiest  attire  their  circumstances  would  allow. 
The  tall  white  dickeys  of  the  men  were  the  more  notice- 
17 


1^0  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

able  for  the  dark  background  against  which  they  were  set. 
A  majority  of  the  men  were  either  lame  or  disfigured  with 
scars. 

Confederate  officers  sometimes  passed  through  the 
prison,  and  our  landlord,  Jefferson  Davis,  also  came  around 
to  see  his  Yankee  boarders.  He  had  the  reputation  in 
prison  of  being  a  smart  man,  but  one  who  didn't  know 
how  to  run  a  hotel.  The  common  people  did  not  have  so 
good  a  chance  to  see  the  "Yanks,"  but  on  Sunday  the 
prisoners  would  sometimes  sing  "Shining  Shore"  and 
other  familiar  songs  until  the  street  was  fairly  blocked  up 
with  people  who  had  stopped  to  listen. 

Every  few  days  some  of  us  were  taken  out,  in  charge  of 
a  guard,  to  police  the  grounds  near  the  prison  and  cook 
houses.  The  chance  to  get  fresh  air  and  an  extra  slice  of 
bread  was  inducement  enough,  so  there  was  never  any 
lack  of  volunteers  when  called  for. 

Some  attempts  to  escape  were  made.  One  little  fellow 
crawled  out  through  the  sewer,  a  long  distance,  and  was 
down  by  the  canal  washing  himself,  preparatory  to  a 
journey  north,  when  he  was  found  by  the  guard  and 
brought  back.  I  believe  they  allowed  him  to  complete  his 
toilet,  however,  before  they  took  hold  of  him.  As  a  pun 
ishment,  those  who  tried  to  escape  were  handcuffed.  One 
was  punished  in  this  way  who  had  a  very  small  hand,  and 
when  the  officers  were  in  sight  he  would  be  sitting  in  a 
corner  as  meek  as  Moses  with  both  hands  in  "durance 
vile,"  but  at  other  times  he  was  in  the  habit  of  wearing 
the  irons  on  only  one  wrist  at  a  time. 

The  floor  of  the  room  in  which  some  of  us  were  at  first 
confined,  fortunately,  was  not  level,  and  the  foul  black 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  1}  I 

stream  of  mud  and  water  from  the  sink  settled  on  one 
side  of  the  room  to  the  depth  of  one  or  two  inches.  We 
succeeded  in  huddling  on  the  other  side  of  the  room,  and 
so  most  of  us  kept  out  of  the  mud  at  night. 

One  of  our  company  became  insane  and  spent  his  time 
splashing  around  in  the  filth  until  he  was  taken  out  of  the 
room,  and  we  saw  him  no  more.  We  were  kept  in  this 
filthy,  loathsome  condition  for  a  week,  when  we  removed 
to  another  building,  and  glad  we  were  to  escape  the  stench 
and  mud,  to  a  place  where  we  had  the  luxury  of  a  dry 
floor. 

The  officer  who  had  chief  charge  of  us  was  Lieut.  Todd, 
a  brother  to  Abraham  Lincoln's  wife.  Once  when  a 
Yankee  prisoner  had  died  and  the  guards  took  the  body 
down  to  headquarters,  they  thoughtlessly  laid  it  on  the 
doorstep  while  they  rang  the  bell  for  the  Lieutenant.  This 
so  exasperated  him  that  he  kicked  the  body  out  into  the 
street,  where  it  laid  over  night.  With  this  man  in  com 
mand,  and  the  notorious  Wirtz,  who  was  afterwards 
hanged,  to  execute  his  orders,  the  reader  can  judge  some 
thing  of  the  treatment  we  received.  We  afterwards  heard 
he  was  killed  in  battle,  and  were  not  sorry  to  hear  it, 
although  he  deserved  hanging  as  richly  as  did  Wirtz. 

In  a  Testament  which  I  carried  with  me  from  New  Hamp 
shire  I  find  this  note:  "September  2ist,  William  C.  Beck 
of  Concord,  Staten  Island,  of  the  loth  Company,  79th 
New  York  Regiment,  was  shot  down  by  a  sentry  while 
standing  by  a  window."  He  had  washed  his  blanket  and 
hung  it  at  the  window  to  dry.  At  this  time  he  went  to 
the  window  to  see  if  his  blanket  was  dry,  and  was  shot 


52  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

down.  He  breathed  a  few  times  and  was  dead.  We 
were  in  the  second  or  third  story  from  the  ground,  and 
here  could  have  been  no  danger  of  his  escaping,  especially 
as  it  was  daytime.  It  was  simply  a  wanton  murder,  and 
so  great  was  the  excitement  in  prison  that  a  half  dozen 
soldiers,  with  fixed  bayonets,  were  deemed  necessary  to 
accompany  those  who  came  in  to  take  the  body  out.  The 
sentry  who  shot  him  was  a  mere  boy,  and,  without  doubt, 
obeyed  orders  to  the  letter,  for  Wirtz,  or  the  "Dutch  Ser 
geant,"  as  we  always  called  him,  had  threatened  that  he 
would  order  the  guards  to  shoot  every  "tarn  Yankee"  that 
showed  his  head  at  the  window. 

About  this  time  some  of  the  prisoners  succeeded  in  get 
ting  into  the  loft  and  found  liquor  that  was  stored  there, 
and  some  of  them  became  noisy  and  quarrelsome.  A 
convenient  way  for  the  guards  to  command  silence  was  to 
fire  into  the  buildings.  Fortunately  no  one  was  injured  on 
this  occasion,  although  a  ball  came  through  the  floor  within 
six  inches  of  the  head  of  Comrade  Pepper,  who  was  lying 
asleep  upon  the  floor.  This  firing  into  the  building  was 
quite  common,  and  served  to  break  the  monotony  of  prison 
life,  which,  on  the  whole,  was  exceedingly  dull  and  unin 
teresting.  Tantalized  with  nightly  visions  of  well-filled 
tables  that  vanished  when  we  attempted  to  approach  them, 
and  waking  to  realize  only  the  gnawing  of  hunger  and 
the  crawling  of  "gray-backs,"  we  eked  out  our  miserable 
existence  through  many  weary  days.  The  picking  of  the 
vermin  occupied  two  or  three  hours  daily,  and  thus  were, 
perhaps,  what  might  be  called  blessings  in  disguise, 
although  we  did  not  see  it  in  that  light  at  that  time. 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  1 33 

During  a  part  of  our  stay  we  were  guarded  by  troops 
from  Florida.  They  were  at  Bull  Run,  and  some  of  their 
regiment  were  taken  prisoners  by  the  Federal  forces  in  the 
early  part  of  the  fight  and  taken  to  Washington.  These 
men  seemed  disposed  to  treat  us  kindly,  in  return,  as  they 
said,  for  the  kind  treatment  which  their  comrades  were 
receiving  at  the  hands  of  their  captors.  Through  their 
kindness  I  visited  the  hospital  and  saw  some  of  our 
wounded  comrades.  I  recollect  seeing  Comrade  Charles 
Cooper,  who  was  lying  upon  the  floor.  Comrade  Hains 
had  a  bunk,  and  a  little  stimulant  in  a  bottle  which  was 
.supplied  by  a  contribution  from  his  friends  in  prison.  That 
was  the  last  time  that  I  saw  him,  for  he  died  soon  after. 
Comrade  Emerson  was  exchanged,  returned  to  the  regi 
ment  and  was  killed  at  Williamsburg  before  I  was  released, 
so  that  this  was  the  last  interview  I  ever  had  with  him.  A 
comrade  who  was  severely  wounded  through  the  chest  did 
not  go  to  the  hospital,  but  was  cared  for  in  the  prison  with 
us,  and  recovered.  His  name  was  Rice,  and  he  was  from 
Vermont. 

We  were  allowed  to  purchase,  by  sending  into  the  city, 
as  I  have  before  stated,  articles  of  food  and  also  papers  for 
some  time,  until  the  gold  was  exhausted,  when  our  inter 
course  with  the  outside  world  was  forbidden,  and  we 
were  allowed  to  know  nothing  that  was  transpiring  outside 
the  prison  walls. 

The  rumors  that  we  began  to  hear  about  the  middle  of 
October  that  a  part  of  us  were  to  be  sent  further  south 
were  soon  verified,  for  one  night  the  "Dutch  Sergeant" 
came  in,  and,  after  cursing  in  his  Anglo-Dutch  brogue  for 


134  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

a  while,  counted  out  five  hundred  of  us  and  ordered  us  to 
be  ready  to  start  the  next  morning  for  New  Orleans.  This 
was  death  to  the  hopes  of  those  who  had  taken  stock  in 
the  rumors  that  we  were  to  be  speedily  exchanged.  I 
was  not  one  of  these.  I  had  seen  enough  of  the  accom 
modations  and  treatment  in  prison  there,  and  was  quite 
ready  for  something  else,  without  being  at, .all  particular 
what.  The  prospect  of  a  ride  of  eighteen  hundred  miles 
through  the  Confederacy  was  anticipated  with  as  much 
pleasure  as  anything  else,  for  I  was  ready  to  bid  adieu  to 
Wirtz  and  the  prison  without  one  tear  of  regret. 

On  the  26th  day  of  October,  1861,  the  roll  of  five  hun 
dred  Yankee  prisoners  was  again  called,  and  we  left  the 
prison  and  were  marched  to  the  railroad  station.  It  was 
nearly  dark  when  the  train  got  under  way  for  the  South 
and  we  saw  but  little  of  the  country  about  Richmond. 
We  passed  through  Petersburg  in  the  night  time,  and  the 
next  morning  found  us  in  the  vicinity  of  Weldon.  Then 
came  the  ride  through  the  pine  forests  of  North  Carolina. 
For  perhaps  one  hundred  miles,  nothing  could  be  seen  but 
the  same  dead  level  of  pine  forest,  with  an  occasional 
turpentine  factory,  consisting  of  an  open  shed  with  a  chim 
ney,  a  few  kettles,  some  rude  rosin  casks,  a  white  man  and 
a  few  negroes.  No  villages,  and  scarcely  a  plantation  was 
to  be  seen.  We  passed  through  Wilmington  and  crossed 
the  river  in  a  ferryboat.  Before  getting  aboard  another 
train  we  were  harangued  by  a  negro  on  the  doctrine  of 
"State  Rights,"  "Let  us  alone,"  etc.,  in  a  way  that 
delighted  the  planters  who  were  present,  and  in  a  manner 
that  would  have  done  credit  to  a  Southern  fire-eater. 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  135 

We  passed  through  Florence,  Augusta,  Atlanta  and  West 
Point  to  Montgomery,  Alabama.  This  ride  was  by  far  the 
most  pleasant  part  of  my  prison  experience,  notwithstand 
ing  the  fact  that  we  were  on  exhibition  as  trophies  of  war, 
which  I  suppose  was  the  main  object  of  the  Confederate 
government  in  sending  us  all  this  distance. 

Agriculture  seemed  to  be  carried  on  upon  rather  a  large 
scale.  I  counted  thirteen  mule-teams  all  plowing  on  one 
piece  of  land,  but  everything  was  done  in  a  slipshod  and 
thriftless  manner.  I  saw,  beside  the  road,  an  ox-team 
with  a  yoke  which  was  a  straight  piece  of  wood,  in  which 
pins  were  driven  to  serve  as  bows.  There  were  with 
them  a  couple  of  stalwart  negroes.  I  inquired  the  price  of 
such  stock  and  learned  that  the  yoke  of  oxen  were  worth 
about  one  hundred  dollars  and  their  drivers  about  one 
thousand  dollars  each.  We  passed  a  fine  new  house  about 
which  some  thirty  negro  children,  apparently  between  the 
ages  of  four  and  twelve  years,  were  leveling  the  grounds. 
They  were  watched  by  a  white  man  and  did  not  even  look 
up  when  the  train  passed. 

A  train  loaded  with  live  Yankees  was  quite  a  curiosity  in 
the  South  and  in  some  cases  made  quite  a  sensation.  At 
one  place  a  woman  came  running  down  to  the  train,  pant 
ing  for  breath,  and  after  looking  at  us  in  mute  astonishment 
for  a  few  minutes  exclaimed:  "Be  them  Yankees?  I 
thought  Yankees  had  hair  on  their  teeth." 

At  Montgomery  we  were  taken  from  the  cars  into  a 
large  yard,  used  mainly  for  storing  cotton,  and  some  of 
the  natives  were  let  into  the  yard  to  see  us.  We  were 
here  supplied  with  some  stale  bread  and  bacon,  for  the 


\}6  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

possession  of  which  myriads  of  maggots  contested  with 
us.  But  kindling  a  fire,  and  applying  the  bacon  to  the 
blaze,  the  maggots,  instead  of  getting  our  rations  from  us, 
quickly  made  more  rations,  and  although  I  have  eaten 
them  before  and  since,  both  raw  and  cooked.  I  never  ate 
any  that  tasted  better  than  they  did. 

From  Montgomery  we  took  a  river-boat  to  Mobile.     A 


283 


PHOTOGRAPHIC    REPRODUCTION    OF  A   PAGE    OF  THE    ORIGINAL    RECORD 
KEPT    I5Y    THE    CONFEDERATE    GOVERNMENT 

sad  accident  happened  while  we  were  going  down  the 
river.  The  boat  was  crowded  and  the  deck  nearly  covered 
with  prisoners.  A  tall,  noble-looking  German  from  a  New 
York  regiment,  named  Slotterbeck,  was  lying  near  the 
engine  asleep.  The  engine  blew  off  steam;  which  so 
startled  him  that  he  jumped  up  bewildered,  and,  losing  his 
balance,  fell  overboard.  He  was  a  good  swimmer,  and 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  y] 

tried  at  first  to  follow  the  boat,  but  some  one  told  him  to 
strike  for  the  shore ;  he  did  so,  swam  bravely  until  within 
a  few  rods  of  the  shore,  when  there  was  a  wake  in  the 
water  near  him,  and  he  was  drawn  under  by  an  alligator, 
[so  the  guards  said],  and  we  saw  him  no  more.  The 
steam  was  shut  off  for  a  minute  or  two,  but  as  "that  Yank 
was  satisfactorily  accounted  for,"  as  they  expressed  it,  we 
went  on. 

A  plan  for  escape  was  nearly  matured  while  going 
down  the  river.  We  had  among  us  men  who  knew  how 
to  run  a  steamboat,  and  the  plan  was  to  rise,  disarm  the 
guards,  run  the  steamer  on  our  own  hook,  pass  by  Mobile 
and  make  for  Ship  Island ;  but  the  plot  was  suspected  and 
they  took  on  a  stronger  force  of  guards  at  a  place  the  name 
of  which  I  think  was  Clayborne,  so  the  plan  was  given 
up.  Arriving  at  Mobile,  we  were  landed  at  a  pier,  a 
ragged  and  forlorn  set  of  beings.  We  were  here  on  ex 
hibition  for  several  hours,  and  were  marched  through  sev 
eral  of  the  principal  streets.  The  head  showman  called 
the  attention  of  the  ladies  who  came  out  to  see  us  to  the 
condition  of  our  clothing,  and  told  them  to  "look  at  their 
feet  if  you  want  to  know  which  are  the  Yankees,  for  the 
barefooted  ones  are  Yankees." 

At  Mobile  we  took  the  cars  for  New  Orleans,  via  Meri- 
dan  and  Jackson.  The  country 'thus  far  had  seemed  badly 
cultivated  and  uninteresting,  and  the  guards  were  assured 
that  they  need  not  fear  our  escaping  for  "we  didn't  want 
to  be  left  in  that  God-forsaken  country!"  We  sometimes 
conversed  with  the  citizens  along  the  route,  and  to  the  oft- 
repeated  question,  "What  are  uns  down  here  for?"  we 
18 


138  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

replied:  "To  defend  the  flag,  the  Constitution,  and  the 
Union."  We  usually  received  the  reply:  "We  don't  want 
to  fight  you;  send  your  abolitionists  down  here,  they  are 
the  men  we  want  to  fight." 

In  Mississippi  we  saw  the  cotton  plant  in  all  its  glory.  I 
know  of  nothing  in  nature  more  beautiful  than  a  large 
field  of  luxuriant  cotton,  waist  high,  every  twig  of  the 
wide-branching  shrub  ending  in  a  ball  of  snowy  whiteness. 
The  sugar  cane  of  Louisiana  was  perhaps  richer  looking 
but  not  so  gorgeous  as  the  cotton  plant. 

The  country  for  perhaps  thirty  miles  above  New  Orleans 
is  mostly  a  cypress  swamp.  The  trees  are  usually  covered 
with  hanging  moss,  and  when  seen  in  the  dim  twilight 
are  a  most  dismal  sight.  In  the  water  below  grew  wild 
rice  and  on  hillocks  was  the  material  from  which  fans  are 
made,  and  which  seemed  to  need  only  trimming  and  bind 
ing  to  be  ready  for  use.  The  ditches  beside  the  road 
swarmed  with  snakes  which  the  guards  said  were  copper 
heads. 

Arriving  in  New  Orleans  we  were  given  in  charge  of  a 
company  of  infantry  and  a  splendid  squadron  of  cavalry, 
and  were  guarded  through  the  streets,  crowded  with  citi 
zens  who  used  every  available  place  to  get  a  glimpse  of 
us.  It  seemed  as  though  we  had  marched  nearly  two 
miles  through  the*  streets  when  we  halted  before  a  large 
brick  building  and  yard.  Over  the  entrance  to  this  build 
ing  we  read  in  large  letters  "  Parish  Prison."  It  looked 
rather  old  to  have  been  built  to  keep  prisoners  of  war  in, 
but  it  was  not  until  we  passed  through  the  iron  doors  and 
saw  the  grated  windows  and  the  heavy  manacles  and  the 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  139 

long  row  of  cells  that  we  realized  that  we  were  to  be 
treated  as  condemned  felons. 

The  countenance  of  the  turnkey  for  our  yard  struck  me 
as  the  most  diabolical  in  expression  that  I  had  ever  seen. 
With  almost  no  forehead,  and  eyes  small  and  cunning, 
from  which  darted,  at  times,  a  look  of  the  most  extreme 
malignity,  I  never  saw  him  without  an  indescribable  feel 
ing  of  dread  akin  to  horror.  He  was  confined  there  for 
crime,  and  was  called  the  ''Land  Pirate"  by  us  Yankees, 
It  was  evening  when  we  arrived  at  our  quarters,  and  the 
room  in  which  I  was  at  first  confined  was  so  crowded  that 
all  did  not  succeed  in  lying  down,  and  so  sat  up  all  night. 
Later  on,  however,  we  made  so  much  improvement  in 
packing  that  we  all  made  out  to  lie  down.  The  room  bor 
dered  upon  the  streets  and  through  the  grated  windows 
we  could  see  some  of  the  business  that  was  carried  on  out 
side.  There  were  more  white  teamsters  than  I  expected 
to  see,  showing  that  the  common  remark,  that  "a  white 
man  cannot  work  in  that  climate,"  is  not  strictly  true.  On 
the  other  side  there  was  simply  a  smooth  brick  wall,  per 
haps  thirty  feet  high.  Galleries  ran  above  the  first  story, 
and  in  front  of  the  second  and  third  stories.  At  one  end 
of  the  upper  gallery  was  a  drop,  and  over  it,  protruding 
from  the  brick  wall,  was  a  beam,  a  contrivance  for  helping 
one  to  "shuffle  off  this  mortal  coil"  in  which  we  were 
personally  interested;  for  we  were  for  some  time  held  as 
hostages  for  the  privateers  who  were  at  that  time  held  by 
our  government  for  trial  as  pirates,  and  there  is  no  doubt 
that  some  of  us  would  have  been  executed  in  retaliation, 
if  our  government  had  executed  them.  I  never  could  see 
why  treason  on  sea  was  very  much  different  from  treason 


140  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

on  land,  but  I  cannot  say  what  influence  the  aforesaid  con 
trivance  had  in  forming  my  opinion  on  this  point.  The 
floor  of  this  yard  was  of  split  stones  of  different  sizes,  but 
fitted  closely  together.  In  one  corner  was  a  bath-tub, 
through  which  a  stream  of  water  from  the  river  was  con 
stantly  flowing,  and  in  the  opposite  corner  were  boilers 
for  cooking  rations. 

We  were  subjected  to  a  further  indignity.  In  addition 
to  being  confined  in  a  prison  with  felons,  we  had  convicts 
for  our  overseers;  for  besides  the  "  Land  Pirate"  there  was 
"Dominique,"  who  was  under  sentence  for  twenty-one 
years  for  manslaughter;  ''Joe  Mullala,"  and  some  other 
criminals  of  less  pretensions. 

Shortly  after  our  arrival  at  Parish  Prison  we  were 
searched  for  jack-knives.  Various  ways  were  devised  to 
keep  the  knives,  many  of  which  were  successful.  Several 
of  us  hid  ours  in  our  bread,  but  some  one  did  not  conceal 
the  hole  properly  in  which  his  was  inserted  and  in  conse 
quence  they  broke  open  all  the  bread  in  prison.  A  second 
search  was  made  some  time  afterwards,  which  I  learned, 
was  more  successful  in  the  number  of  knives  found  than 
was  the  first.  I  had  meanwhile  bought  another  knife. 
My  pants  were  tucked  up  at  the  bottom,  and  I  inserted  the 
knife  under  the  tuck  on  the  inside  of  the  pant  leg.  They 
searched  me  from  head  to  foot  but  did  not  feel  just  where 
the  knife  was,  and  so  it  escaped. 

I  do  not  know  the  exact  weight  of  our  rations,  but  one 
comrade  ate  five  days'  rations  of  bread  in  twenty  minutes 
on  a  wager.  One-fourth  of  a  ration  of  bread  was  called 
worth  a  ration  of  meat  in  all  trading  in  which  the  staff  of 
life  was  concerned.  We  had  also  a  drink  made  from  burnt 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  14 l 

rye,  corn  meal,  or  holly  leaves.  We  had  also  something 
called  soup,  which  was  made  by  filling  the  boilers  with 
river  water  and  adding  one  pailful  of  rice  for  five  hundred 
men.  This  soup  was  not  so  thin  as  might  be  supposed, 
for  the  water  that  was  put  in  was  so  muddy  that  one- 
eighth  of  an  inch  of  sediment  would  settle  in  a  dipper  in  a 
few  hours.  It  would  have  been  almost  destitute  of  nour 
ishment  had  it  not  been  for  the  rice,  in  which  was  an  occa 
sional  white  worm,  which  was  of  course  well-cooked. 
Some  complaint  was  made  to  General  Palfrey,  the  com 
mander  of  the  military  forces,  and  a  specimen  of  it  was 
saved  for  his  inspection.  After  tasting  it  he  said  it  was 
"not  tit  for  anyone  to  drink,"  and  calling  Joe  Mullala,  the 
head  cook,  he  ordered  him  to  drink  a  pint  of  it  on  the 
spot,  to  his  extreme  disgust.  But  even  this  was  in  de 
mand  among  the  "Yanks"  and  had  to  be  watched  if  one 
wished  to  keep  it  from  getting  stolen. 

Comrade  Uow,  from  a  Massachusetts  regiment,  took  an 
original  method  to  keep  his.  He  would  draw  his  soup, 
spit  in  it  and  set  it  by  for  supper.  It  was  evidently  worth 
more  to  him  than  to  anyone  else,  and  I  never  knew  him  to 
lose  his  supper. 

1  had  saved  from  the  sale  of  my  blanket  a  few  cents  to 
pay  postage.  I  had  a  cousin  in  Georgia,  although  I  had 
never  seen  him,  and  shortly  after  my  arrival  at  New  Orleans 
I  wrote  him  asking  the  loan  of  five  or  ten  dollars  until  cir 
cumstances  would  allow  me  to  repay  him.  Before  a  reply 
came,  friends  in  Mobile  who  had  learned  that  I  was  among 
the  prisoners  sent  me,  unsolicited,  thirty  dollars  in  gold 
and  silver,  which,  being  used  with  economy,  saved  me 


142  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

from  much  suffering.  In  due  time  a  reply  came  from 
Georgia.  It  began  with  expressing  much  sorrow  "that 
any  relative  of  his  should  enlist  against  his  country."  He 
said  "the  Federals  wished  to  send  his  servants  into  his 
house  with  the  knife  and  torch,"  and  closed  by  saying  that 
he  hesitated  about  sending  me  money,  for  he  doubted  if  it 
was  right  to  send  it  to  me  when  he  might  use  it  for  the 
South.  "  For,"  he  said,  "  we  will  sacrifice  everything,  even 
life  itself,  for  the  Confederacy.  But,"  he  concluded  piously, 
"it  is  our  duty  to  do  good  to  all,  even  our  enemies,  and 
so  I  send  you  five  dollars."  I  was  so  overcome  with  his 
generosity  and  self-sacrifice,  that  I  re-enclosed  the  Confed 
erate  five  dollar  note  and  sent  it  back  to  him,  with  the  ad 
vice  that  it  be  used  for  the  cause  of  treason  to  which  it  had 
been  devoted. 

Through  the  kindness  of  my  friends  in  Mobile,  I  pro 
cured  several  books,  with  which  we  made  prison  life  more 
tolerable.  They  were  sent  through  the  hands  of  Leonard 
Pash,  who  seemed  glad  to  render  me  any  assistance,  al 
though,  of  course,  it  was  not  safe  for  him  or  anyone  to  be 
a  pronounced  Union  man,  either  in  Mobile  or  New  Orleans. 

We  here  made  the  acquaintance  of  the  Southern  mos 
quito.  One  night  in  particular  they  visited  our  quarters 
in  such  numbers  that  sleep  was  impossible.  Their  noise 
resembled  a  swarm  of  bees,  while  their  size  was  such  that 
there  was  talk  of  killing  and  picking  them  for  poultry  with 
which  to  supplement  our  rations.  A  war  of  extermina 
tion  was  carried  on  for  a  while,  until,  becoming  exhausted, 
we  would  lie  down,  covering  ourselves  entirely  with  our 
blankets.  Thus,  sweating  at  every  pore  and  almost  suffo- 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  143 

cated,  we  awaited  the  attack.  Soon  numbers  of  them 
would  be  marching  over  the  blankets,  evidently  prospect 
ing  for  the  purpose  of  sinking  a  shaft,  They  would  soon 
begin  to  bore,  first  through  a  thick  woolen  blanket,  then 
through  two  strata  of  flannel,  then  came  the  cuticle,  un 
der  which  was  the  object  of  their  search.  A  convulsive 
start  under  the  blanket  gave  notice  that  one  of  the  number 
had  "struck  ile";  this  was  quickly  followed  by  another 
and  another  start,  until  the  victim,  goaded  to  desperation, 
threw  off  the  covering  and  renewed  the  fight.  Some  sat 
up  all  night  and  smoked  to  keep  them  off,  and  all  pre 
sented  a  most  woe-begone  appearance  the  next  morning. 
If  one  of  us  forgot  the  respect  that  was  due  to  our  over 
seers,  who  were  brought  there  in  the  Black  Maria,  he 
was  put  into  irons  and  solitary  confinement  in  the  dun 
geon.  These  irons  consisted  of  heavy  iron  clasps  to  go 
around  the  ankles,  attached  to  which  were  rings  through 
which  there  played  an  iron  rod,  varying  in  length  from 
one  and  a  half  to  four  feet,  and  in  diameter  from  five- 
eighths  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  quarter.  They  were 
fastened  on  with  rivets  which  were  headed  with  a  ham 
mer  every  time  they  were  put  on  and  filed  off  when  the 
prisoner  was  released.  The  prisoner  was  allowed  a  string 
attached  to  the  rod,  so  that  by  carrying  most  of  the  weight 
of  the  rod  by  the  string  he  could  walk,  though  very  slowly 
and  painfully.  One  of  our  number  one  day  used  some  dis 
respectful  language  toward  the  "  Land  Pirate  "  and  they  took 
him  up  to  the  anvil  and  riveted  a  heavy  set  of  irons  upon 
his  ankles,  and  ordered  him  to  the  dungeon.  He  declared 
he  couldn't  travel  in  them,  and  all  the  thieves  and  black- 


144  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

legs  in  Louisiana  couldn't  make  him  try;  so  a  large,  mus 
cular  negro  was  ordered  to  take  him  there.  The  negro 
shouldered  him  and  our  comrade  disappeared  shouting: 
"Here  goes  the  black  horse  cavalry!"  It  took  several 
days  of  confinement  to  teach  him  to  show  proper  respect 
to  his  "  superiors." 

Sometimes  on  the  Sabbath  some  clergymen  would  come 
into  the  yard  and  preach  to  us.  One  of  these  was  an 
Episcopalian,  and  began  by  praying  for  Jefferson  Davis,  the 
President  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America,  etc.  Now 
we  Yankees  didn't  dispute  that  Jefferson  Davis  needed 
praying  for,  but  we  didn't  like  the  ring  of  the  prayer  in 
recognizing  the  Confederate  States,  and  when  he  had  got 
through  praying  he  found  his  audience  had  deserted  him. 
He  explained  by  saying  that  he  used  the  prescribed  form 
of  the  church,  being  dictated  by  those  in  authority  over 
him,  after  which  his  audience  returned  and  heard  him 
through. 

We  were  under  infinite  obligations  to  some  cheerful  fel 
lows,  who  I  verily  believe  could  see  a  joke  in  the  solitary 
cell  or  the  hangman's  knot,  and  who  would  raise  a  laugh 
on  the  most  unpromising  occasion.  Some  amusement 
was  attempted  on  Christmas.  A  masked  procession 
marched  about  the  yard,  and  all  the  prisoners  arranged 
themselves  around  the  yard  and  sang  the  "Star  Spangled 
Banner  "  and  other  patriotic  songs,  nearly  every  voice  of 
the  five  hundred  joining  in  the  chorus.  I  imagine  that  the 
people  of  the  city  who  lived  near  the  prison  walls  heard 
"  music  in  the  air  "  that  day  if  never  before.  The  captain 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  M5 

of  the  prison  was  seen  peering  through  a  window  into  the 
yard,  and  looking  as  if  he  would  like  to  punish  us. 
This  captain  was  very  much  disliked  by  the  prisoners.  He 
was  exceedingly  tyrannical  and  also  something  of  a  fop. 
He  sometimes  came  into  the  yard  wearing  a  shiny  stove 
pipe  hat,  canted  a  little  to  one  side,  a  fine  black  suit  and 
highly  polished  boots.  Some  of  the  prisoners  would  at 
once  engage  him  in  conversation  while  another  might  be 
seen  behind  his  back  busily  passing  his  thumb  and  finger 
from  his  own  dirty  and  ragged  blouse  to  the  coat  of  the 
captain.  After  a  few  minutes  a  long,  lank,  innocent,  slab- 
sided,  half-starved  looking  fellow  would  step  up  to  him  in 
a  confidential  sort  of  way,  and  say  "  Cap'n,  there's  a  'grey- 
back '  [louse]  on  your  sleeve."  He  would  leave  at  once 
in  disgust. 

Many  of  the  prisoners  made  articles  of  bone  to  sell  to 
the  guards  and  visitors,  rubbing  them  smooth  on  the  stones 
on  the  bottom  of  the  yard.  In  about  two  weeks'  time  I 
made  in  this  way  a  knife  with  which  1  could  cut  my  bread. 

All  news,  especially  of  military  movements,  was  contra 
band  at  the  Parish  Prison,  and  every  effort  was  made  by 
the  authorities  to  prevent  the  prisoners  from  learning  any 
thing  in  regard  to  events  outside  the  prison  walls.  In  va 
rious  ways,  however,  we  learned  of  the  fall  of  Fort  Pulaski, 
and  of  the  principal  events  of  the  war  soon  after  they  trans 
pired.  The  criminals  confined  in  the  prison  were  allowed 
to  have  papers,  and  although  orders  were  strict  to  the  con 
trary,  the  news  they  contained  was  soon  transmitted  to  us. 
One  day  a  negro  girl  was  drawn  to  a  ring  in  the  floor  and 
severely  flogged,  for  giving  the  "  Yanks"  a  paper.  In  one 
upper  corner  of  the  cells  was  a  ventilator  which  would 
19 


146  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

just  admit  a  man's  arm,  and  we  found  that  the  ventilators 
to  several  cells  communicated  with  the  same  Hue,  and  that 
one  comrade  perched  upon  the  shoulders  of  another  could 
communicate  with  those  in  other  cells.  Once  or  twice  a 
paper  was  smuggled  in  by  the  negro  workmen  who  brought 
in  the  supplies;  and  the  shrill  voice  of  the  newsboys  on 
the  street,  as  they  cried  the  news  in  the  Delta,  could  be 
sometimes  heard  in  the  room  next  the  street,  so  that  in  all 
these  ways  we  managed  to  keep  tolerably  well  posted  in 
the  news  of  the  week. 

After  a  few  weeks  the  packing  was  again  improved  upon, 
and  an  attempt  was  made  to  get  us  all  into  the  cells, 
which,  owing  to  the  shrinking  process  through  which  we 
had  passed,  was  successful.  The  common  cell  was  nine 
and  one-half  feet  by  thirteen  and  one-half,  and  into  this 
was  crowded  sixteen  men.  The  packing  was  a  combina 
tion  of  the  spoon  fashion  and  the  clothes-pin  fashion. 
Each  man  was  allowed  nineteen  inches  in  width,  and  by 
allowing  the  feet  to  lap  in  the  centre,  we  could  lie  down 
quite  comfortably  upon  the  hard  pine  floor.  Myriads  of 
cockroaches  covered  the  walls  and  ceiling,  and  they  had 
an  annoying  habit  of  dropping  down  into  the  ears  of  the 
sleepers  in  the  night. 

Besides  the  men,  the  cells  contained  all  the  worldly  pos 
sessions  which  they  had  with  them.  In  one  corner  was 
the  water  closet,  in  the  form  of  an  open  tub,  which  might 
be  tight  at  the  bottom  and  might  not,  for  some  of  them 
leaked  badly.  In  this  last  event  it  was  rather  a  damage  to 
the  berth  next  to  the  tub. 

All  night  and  a  part  of  the  day  the  doors  were  shut,  and 
sometimes  locked  and  the  air  for  sixteen  men  came  through 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  147 

a  space  which,  after  making  allowance  for  the  bars,  did  not 
exceed  six  inches  square. 

One  evening  we  made  more  noise  than  suited  the  cap 
tain  of  the  prison,  and  we  were  locked  up  for  several  days, 
The  air  outside  was  cool  and  almost  frosty,  for  it  was  in 
the  coldest  part  of  the  Southern  winter;  but  inside  the  cells 
the  air  was  warm  and  almost  suffocating.  We  dispensed 
with  all  clothing  except  drawers,  and  then  the  sweat 
would  run  down  our  bodies  in  streams.  The  "Stars  and 
Stripes,"  a  paper  read  in  the  lyceum  of  the  prison,  con 
tained  the  following  allusion  to  our  unfortunate  condition : 
"A  squad  of  caged  Yankees  may  be  found  on  free  exhibi 
tion  at  No.  4,  third  floor/'  This  lyceum  was  supported 
mainly  by  students  from  Oberlin  College,  of  whom  there 
were  quite  a  number  in  the  prison.  They  also  conducted 
a  weekly  prayer  meeting,  and  on  Sunday  a  Bible-class. 

We  were  kept  on  the  diet  I  have  described  without  any 
change.  '  Some  of  the  men  were  continually  picking  over 
the  waste  barrel  for  pieces  of  wormy  cabbage-leaves,  bits 
of  potato  peel,  and  the  like.  This  waste  came  from  the 
other  side  of  the  prison,  for  we  were  given  nothing  of  the 
kind  until  the  scurvy  broke  out  amongst  us,  after  which 
Ely,  the  steward,  came  around  once  a  day  with  some 
mashed  raw  potato  and  vinegar  in  a  basin,  and  a  long- 
handled  spoon,  and  gave  one  spoonful  to  each  man  who 
had  the  scurvy,  which  seemed  to  check  the  disease  con 
siderably.  The  United  States  government  was  not  un 
mindful  of  us,  for  it  proposed  to  furnish  clothing  for  us  if 
the  Confederates  would  see  that  it  was  distributed.  This 
they  did,  but  they  drew  for  the  whole  five  hundred,  keep 
ing  for  themselves  the  suits  of  those  who  had  died. 


148  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

Many  of  the  prisoners  sold  their  clothes  to  the  guard  for 
money  to  buy  bread,  and,  as  I  learned,  a  whole  company 
of  rebs  procured  suits  enough  in  this  manner  to  clothe 
every  man  in  it.  A  man  (I  am  sorry  to  say  that  I  cannot 
give  his  name),  who  had  been  a  prisoner  in  the  war  of 
1812,  came  into  the  yard  one  day,  and,  seeing  our  condi 
tion,  gave  us  eleven  hogsheads  of  molasses.  We  were 
always  willing  to  think  that  he  had  some  love  for  the  Stars 
and  Stripes,  as  well  as  pity  for  us. 

The  latter  part  of  January,  1862,  the  movements  of  the 
Federal  forces  made  the  Confederates  suspicious  that  an 
attack  might  be  made  on  New  Orleans;  and  so,  about  two 
weeks  before  Farragut  and  Butler  arrived,  we  were  re 
moved  to  Salisbury,  North  Carolina.  The  guards  had  no 
trouble  in  keeping  us  on  the  trains,  for  the  General  told  us 
that  we  were  going  North,  with  a  view  to  exchange,  and 
he  even  sent  a  letter  to  his  brother,  John  G.  Palfrey,  of 
Boston,  by  comrade  Aborn,  who  was  from  that  vicinity. 

We  left  New  Orleans  on  the  sixth  day  of  February,  and 
returned  over  nearly  the  same  route  by  which  we  went  to 
New  Orleans.  We  were  carried  up  the  Alabama  river  on 
a  tlat  barge,  towed  by  a  steamer.  A  cold  storm  was  raging, 
with  a  piercing  wind,  which  made  it  very  uncomfortable. 
The  guards  took  refuge  on  the  steamer,  and  so  we  had  the 
barge  to  ourselves.  We  kept  fires,  fed  with  Confederate 
bacon,  burning  in  the  hold  all  night.  Of  course,  we  ate  all 
the  bacon  we  wanted,  first,  and  warmed  and  dried  our 
selves  with  the  rest. 

At  Montgomery  we  were  put  into  box  cars.  Sixty-five 
of  us  were  crowded  into  a  small  sized  freight  car,  in  which 
we  rode  all  the  way  to  Salisbury,  the  journey  lasting  be- 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  149 

tween  three  and  four  days.  Some  of  us  were  put  into 
cattle  cars  and  had  just  as  good  accommodations  as  the 
cattle  had,  only  they  might  have  been  clean  when  the 
cattle  were  put  in,  but  we  took  them  in  the  same  condition 
in  which  the  cattle  left  them.  One  car  had  been  used  to 
transport  molasses,  and  the  treacle  was  over  the  soles  of  the 
men's  shoes.  Of  course  no  one  suffered  with  hunger,  with 
molasses  at  his  feet. 

Evidences  of  sympathy  were  seen  and  felt  at  Atlanta, 
Georgia.  One  man  passed  a  five  dollar  bill  into  the  car, 
and  another  came  to  the  car  in  which  1  was  and  asked 
where  we  were  from.  In  an  undertone,  he  said,  " There 
are  more  Yankees  than  you  here!  "  and  at  once  crossed  the 
street,  after  which  I  saw  him  no  more.  When  I  after 
wards  heard  of  the  handful  of  men,  who,  about  that  time, 
went  in  disguise  to  Atlanta,  took  an  engine  from  near  the 
depot  and  went  off  with  it,  tearing  up  the  track  behind 
them,  and  destroying  rebel  stores  so  far  as  they  could,  I 
thought  he  must  be  one  of  them.  At  any  rate,  he  ran  some 
risk  to  let  us  know  he  was  a  Union  man. 

When  I  could  not  longer  keep  awake,  I  sat  upon  my  feet 
and  leaned  against  the  side  of  the  car.  This  cramped  po 
sition  caused  my  limbs  to  swell  so  that  when  I  got  out  of 
the  car  at  Salisbury  it  was  almost  impossible  for  me  to 
walk.  When  I  first  attempted  it  I  fell  to  the  ground,  but 
finally  succeeded,  with  a  little  assistance,  in  getting  from 
the  car  to  the  prison. 

This  prison  consisted  of  buildings  formerly  used  as  a  cot 
ton  factory,  which,  with  a  number  of  boarding  houses, 
were  enclosed  by  a  high  fence.  Two  hundred  and  forty- 
four  men  were  put  into  the  lower  room  of  the  main  build- 


ISO  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

ing.  Bunks  were  built,  one  above  another,  four  tiers  high, 
with  walks  between.  Our  rations  here  were  more  abund 
ant,  but  poorer  in  quality,  than  at  either  Liggon  or  Parish 
prison.  I  will  except  the  soup,  which  was  here  made  of 
cow-peas  instead  of  rice.  These  cow-peas  seem  to  be 
about  half-way  between  a  pea  and  a  bean,  not  very  grate 
ful  to  the  taste,  but  quite  nutritious.  They  are  raised  in  the 
cornfields,  the  vine  running  upon  the  cornstalk.  They 
were  commonly  used  as  food  by  the  blacks. 

The  beef  was  a  little  doubtful,  but  one  thing  was  evi 
dent,  it  did  not  belong  to  any  horned  animal.  Whether  it 
was  a  mule  or  some  poor  old  horse  which  had  outlived  his 
usefulness,  we  never  knew.  Then,  too,  there  was  always 
a  disagreeable  uncertainty  as  to  what  the  beast  died  of,  as 
none  of  us  came  from  a  region  where  such  animals  were 
fatted  for  beef.  A  good  appetite,  however,  did  not  scruple 
at  trifles,  and  so  we  ate  it  and  called  it  good.  I  brought 
home  a  rib  bone  as  a  memento,  but  have  unfortunately  lost 
it.  There  was  more  variety  to  our  diet  here,  as  they  would 
sometimes  get  out  of  food  and  confiscate  the  pigs  of  some 
Union  men  for  rations. 

For  a  month  or  more,  at  first,  we  were  kept  in  the  build 
ing  all  the  time,  day  and  night.  Finally  a  surgeon  came  in 
and  said  we  should  "all  die  there  unless  we  were  let  out  in 
the  day  time." 

The  authorities  were  not  willing  to  let  us  out  unless  we 
would  agree  to  keep  within  certain  bounds,  and  promise 
not  to  try  to  escape  while  in  the  yard.  Those  of  the  pris 
oners  who  belonged  to  the  regular  army  would  not  agree 
to  this,  thinking  it  would  be  looked  upon  as  an  act  of  de 
sertion  by  the  Federal  government;  but  most  of  the  volun- 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  I  5! 

teers,  acting  under  advice  of  the  surgeon,  took  the  parole 
and  were  let  out  for  several  hours  each  day.  I  know  of  no 
case  in  which  the  parole  was  violated,  as  all  attempts  to 
escape  were  made  after  we  were  shut  up  for  the  night. 
Some  of  these  attempts  came  very  near  being  successful; 
one  man  got  to  within  a  few  miles  of  the  Union  lines,  when 
he  was  captured  and  brought  back. 

At  Salisbury  we  found  some  Yankees  who  had  been  cap 
tured  at  different  points  and  confined  there.  Among  them 
were  some  from  the  Fourth  New  Hampshire,  and  we  were 
astonished  and  delighted  to  learn  that  the  old  "Granite 
State"  had  already  sent  eight  regiments  to  the  front.  Our 
comrades  here  included  representatives  from  every  grade 
of  society,  and  were  from  every  civilized  nation  on  the 
globe.  We  had  a  theologian  from  Oberlin  college  and  the 
New  York  rough,  who  could  pick  a  sentinel's  pocket,  while 
on  duty;  but  common  sufferings  made  common  friends, 
and  quarrels  were  rare. 

1  was  much  interested  in  a  native  of  North  Carolina,  of 
the  class  called  the  "butternuts,"  from  his  homespun  cot 
ton  clothing.  He  was  old  and  a  cripple,  and  said  that  he 
started  from  home,  leaving  his  family  with  nothing  to  eat, 
to  go  to  mill  with  some  corn,  when  he  was  arrested  and 
put  in  with  us,  without  the  privilege  of  seeing  or  sending 
to  his  family.  The  saddest  part  of  it  was,  that  he  had  no 
doubt  his  own  son  had  caused  his  arrest  as  "a  Union  man, 
the  son  being  a  Confederate  officer. 

The  guards  seemed  to  have  a  special  spite  against  Union 
citizens,  and  would  never  lose  an  opportunity  of  abusing 
them.  One  of  our  company  by  the  name  of  Desmond 
belonged  to  the  regular  army,  and  had  a  wife  and  child  in 


l?2  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

Georgia.  One  day  he  received  a  letter  from  his  wife,  and 
the  tears  ran  down  his  cheeks  as  he  read  of  the  privations 
and  persecutions  that  his  family  were  suffering,  while  he 
was  helpless  to  defend  them  or  provide  for  their  wants. 
We  almost  forgot  our  own  privations,  in  gratitude  that  we 
had  no  family  in  the  power  of  the  Confederates,  and  on 
whom  they  could  wreak  their  vengeance.  Another  of  my 
fellow  prisoners  I  never  saw  but  with  feelings  of  respect 
almost  akin  to  veneration.  He  was- an  old  Kentuckian, 
seventy-four  years  of  age,  who  had  served  under  the  old 
flag  in  1812,  and  who,  when  the  first  guns  were  fired 
upon  the  old  flag  at  Sumter,  felt  the  blood  start  in  his  veins 
with  fresh  vigor,  and,  seizing  his  gun,  again  "rallied  around 
the  flag"  with  the  boys  of  1861. 

With  one  or  two  exceptions  the  prisoners  maintained 
their  loyalty  to  the  United  States  Government,  and  they 
came  very  near  executing  the  penalty  of  treason  upon  one 
who  had  deserted.  In  some  way  his  disloyalty  became 
known,  before  he  left  the  room,  and  a  rope  was  promptly 
prepared  and  passed  around  his  neck.  It  was  with  great 
difficulty  that  the  guards  succeeded  in  rescuing  him  from 
us.  If  they  had  allowed  us  a  few  minutes  more,  we  would 
willingly  have  given  him  up.  His  name  was  Buchanan ; 
he  was  afterwards  a  Sergeant  in  a  North  Carolina  regi 
ment,  and  was  finally  killed  in  an  engagement  in  West 
Virginia. 

Newbern  was  captured  while  we  were  here,  and  although 
we  were  not  allowed  to  know  the  news,  we  sometimes 
overheard  from  the  guards  some  exaggerated  accounts  of 
the  engagements,  such  as  that  at  Williamsburg  five  hun 
dred  were  shot  down  at  the  first  volley;  that  a  Lieutenant, 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  1$) 

Who  lived  at  Salisbury,  was  killed,  and  that  his  negro 
waded  to  his  knees  in  blood  to  get  his  body.  They  also 
had  a  story  that  General  Burnside  came  into  Newbern  one 
or  two  days  before  the  capture,  peddling  fish  !  And  they 
told  how  the  "doggoned  Yankee  gunners"  knocked  every 
gun  off  their  works,  one  by  one,  as  they  went  up  the 
river. 

Here  we  were  more  subject  to  the  caprices  of  the  guards, 
and  some  of  them  used  us  as  well  as  the  rules  would 
allow,  while  others  took  every  advantage  of  their  power  to 
ill-treat  and  misuse  us. 

One  of  them,  after  calling  me  all  the  hard  names  he 
could  think  of  without  receiving  any  reply,  pricked  me 
with  his  bayonet,  because  I  did  not  walk  to  suit  him.  The 
only  excuse  that  I  know  of  in  this  case  was  that  he  was 
badly  under  the  influence  of  liquor.  An  old  man  was 
bayoneted  by  a  boy  guard  at  one  time,  just  for  the 
amusement  of  the  thing. 

Prison  life  had  begun  to  tell  upon  my  health,  on  arrival 
at  Salisbury,  and  I  entirely  lost  the  use  of  my  voice,  so 
that  for  weeks  1  could  not  speak  above  a  whisper.  This 
was  accompanied  by  a  severe  and  distressing  cough  ;  my 
strength  was  reduced  so  that  I  could  sit  up  but  little,  and 
my  comrades  thought  I  should  never  live  to  get  out.  The 
surgeon  came  in  one  day,  and  all  the  sick  were  formed  in 
line  and  prescribed  for  by  him  in  turn.  My  appearance 
must  have  been  very  solemn,  for  he  said  to  the  steward,  as 
soon  as  he  saw  me,  "That  man  needs  some  medicine,  his 
countenance  shows  it;"  and  he  ordered  quinine  without 
inquiring  a  word  in  regard  to  my  symptoms.  After  this 

20 


154  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

1  went  to  his  office  once.  He  said,  "You  need  some  med 
icine  which  the  government  does  not  furnish.  You  have 
blockaded  us  so  that  we  cannot  get  it.  If  you  have  money 
to  buy  it  I  will  write  a  prescription  and  you  can  send  and 
get  it  filled."  -  Luckily  I  had  not  spent  all  of  that  thirty 
dollars,  and  1  was  able  to  get  the  medicine.  Soon  after  I 
began  to  mend.  The  surgeon  proposed  to  take  me  to  the 
hospital,  but  I  remembered  of  reading  in  my  schoolboy 
days  the  story  of  the  spider  and  the  fly,  and  as  I  noticed 
that  those  who  went  to  the  hospital  usually  did  not  come 
out  again,  I  respectfully  declined.  The  medicine  I  obtained 
in  the  city.  This,  together  with  the  privilege  of  a  few 
hours  in  the  fresh  air  in  the  yard  everyday,  and  a  "shaking 
out,"  as  he  called  it,  which  Comrade  John  Davis  gave  me 
once  a  day,  soon  restored  my  health. 

Our  water  here  was  furnished  by  two  wells.  One  of 
them  was  very  good  water,  the  other  was  what  we  called 
sulphur  water,  it  having  a  strong  taste  and  smell  of 
sulphur.  The  well  of  good  water  was  soon  exhausted, 
and  the  sulphur  water  soon  became  so  low  that  only  part 
of  a  bucket  of  muddy  stuff  could  be  obtained  at  a  time. 
We  did  not  suffer  much  from  thirst,  however,  but  washing 
was  mostly  dispensed  with  for  a  time.  Some  of  the  pris 
oners,  neglecting  to  wash  or  pick  their  clothing,  became 
overrun  with  vermin  and  reduced  to  mere  skeletons.  Then 
a  "Committee  of  Public  Safety"  would  take  them  in  hand, 
wash  them,  shave  their  heads,  and  show  them  off  on  a 
sort  of  race  course,  for  the  amusement  of  the  public. 
Sometimes,  for  recreation  we  had  games  of  ball  or  cards. 
The  euchre  decks  became  worn  almost  past  recognition, 
A  sort  of  amusement  was  also  obtained  from  the  vermin 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  \^ 

called  greyback,  and  a  miniature  cock  pit,  in  which  two 
well-fed  specimens  were  fighting,  surrounded  by  a  crowd 
of  excited,  betting  Yankees,  often  served  to  while  away 
many  a  weary  hour. 

Some  amusement  at  the  expense  of  the  Confederate 
soldiers  was  occasionally  indulged  in.  One  of  the  prison 
ers  would  hint  to  a  sentinel  that  there  was  some  talk  of 
breaking  prison.  Then  on  some  dark  rainy  night  a  noise 
would  be  made  in  some  one  of  the  buildings.  This  would 
cause  them  to  beat  the  long  roll,  which  was  done  on  a  bass 
drum,  and  keep  them  standing  in  line  for  several  hours  in  a 
pouring  rain.  Any  search  which  was  instituted  to  find  the 
cause  of  the  noise  found  every  Yankee  sound  asleep. 

These  soldiers  on  duty  here  were  not  very  formidable 
fellows,  being  many  of  them  unfit  for  field  duty  ;  young 
boys,  old  men  and  cripples.  One  of  the  boys  did  service 
with  a  bayonet  on  a  broomstick.  Some  Yankee  was  just 
wicked  enough  to  steal  the  bayonet  from  off  the  gun  of  a 
sentinel  when  he  was  on  duty.  The  officer  of  the  guard 
made  thorough  search  for  the  bayonet  and  was  informed 
that  "Joe  Graball"  stole  it,  but  could  not  find  his  name  on 
the  list,  nor  could  he  find  him  in  prison. 

Lieutenant  Bradford,  a  son  of  Gov.  Bradford  of  Mary 
land,  had  command  a  part  of  the  time.  He  was  a  young 
man  and  one  of  the  class  called  the  "Baltimore  Plugs." 
One  evening  he  came  into  our  room,  when  some  Yankee 
covered  his  mouth  with  his  hand  and  said  "Plug  Ugly." 
He  started  to  find  the  speaker,  when  another  smothered 
"Plug  Ugly"  greeted  his  ears.  But  whether  it  came  from 
above  or  below,  to  the  right  or  the  left,  he  could  not  tell. 
He  was  greatly  enraged,  and  drawing  his  revolver  swore 


156  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

he  would  shoot  the  man  who  said  "Plug  Ugly,  "  but  not  a 
Yankee  could  be  found  awake  in  the  whole  room,  and  he 
went  off  in  a  towering  rage. 

To  pass  from  one  room  to  another  was  against  the  rules, 
unless  one  was  provided  with  a  pass  signed  by  the  com 
manding  officer.  Comrade  Samuel  Joy  at  one  time  wished 
to  visit  the  room  next  above.  He  was  stopped  by  the 
guard,  when  he  presented  his  pass.  With  a  look  which 
seemed  to  say,  "You  don't  play  any  more  of  your  Yankee 
tricks  on  me,"  he  took  the  pass  between  his  thumb  and 
finger,  while  he  brought  all  his  wits  and  education  to  bear 
upon  the  document.  He  examined  it  carefully,  word  by 
word,  seemed  to  be  in  doubt  about  the  signature  at  the 
bottom,  but  on -being  assured  by  the  Yankee  that  it  was  all 
right  and  directly  from  headquarters,  he  reckoned  it  would 
do,  and  so  let  him  pass.  He  is  probably  ignorant  to  this 
day  of  the  fact  that  the  paper  was  bottom  side  ///>  all  the 
time. 

There  was  an  elevator  near  one  end  of  the  building,  and 
some  would  visit  the  room  above  by  climbing  the  rope  ; 
those  in  the  upper  story  would  frequently  come  down  on 
the  rope  to  the  next  story  below,  and  after  staying  a  while 
climb  back.  This  was  a  convenient  arrangement  and  it 
was  too  bad  to  spoil  it,  but  the  love  of  fun  in  some  Yankee 
was  greater  than  his  love  of  Confederate  bacon,  and  so  he 
spared  enough  from  his  ration  to  grease  the  rope,  and  the 
next  day  when  some  half  dozen  in  the  upper  story  started 
on  their  visit,  one  after  the  other,  nothing  peculiar  was 
noticed  by  their  room  mates,  but  there  was  fun  for  the 
boys  as  they  shot  down  through  the  other  stories  to  the 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  I  =>7 

ground  floor.     They  could  not  get  back  without  permission 
of  the  guard.     After  this  the  rope  was  taken  out. 

We  hadn't  the  facilities  here  for  manufacturing  bones 
that  we  had  in  New  Orleans,  and  so  our  attention  was 
turned  to  some  other  way  of  obtaining  bread.     The  frac 
tional  currency  seemed  the  most  feasible,  as  it  was  printed 
upon  plain  paper  and  the  five  cent  and  fifty  cent  scrips 
were  so  nearly  alike  that  they  could  be  very  easily  altered  so 
as  to  pass  with  the  ignorant  whites,  a  majority  of  whom 
could  not  read.     It  was  said  that  thirty-one  out  of  thirty- 
two   recruits   that  were  enlisted  at  Salisbury  made  their 
mark  instead  of  signing  their  names.  Peddlers  were  some 
times  allowed  in  the  yard  to  trade  with  the  Yankees  ;  but 
they  were  not  always  sharp  enough  to  make  it  profitable. 
The  officer  in  charge  sent  a  woman  in  with  some  cakes  and 
cookies,  which  sold  readily  at  a  high  price.     One  of  the 
Yankees  overheard  an  officer  counting  over  the  profits  of 
the  transaction  :     ''There  is  a  five  changed  to  fifty.     There 
is   a  ten  changed  to   twenty-five  ;   there   is   another   five 
changed  to  fifty,  and  there  is  one  entirely  new  !"     A  man 
was  let  into  the  yard  with  tobacco  for  sale.     He  came  up 
to  the  prison  window  and  several  of  the  boys  wanted  to 
examine  the  tobacco.     After  he  had  handed  in  four  or  five 
large  hands  of  navy  he  thought  that  was  enough  for  a 
specimen,  but  none  at  the  window  had  any  of  his  tobacco, 
and  they  didn't  know  of  any  one  who  had.     An  officer 
attempted  to  find  out  who  stole   the   tobacco,   and   was 
informed  that  it  was  "Joe  Graball,"  but  as  he  had  heard  of 
"Joe"  before,  he  searched  no  further. 


158  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

Scurvy  again  made  its  appearance  soon  after  we  took  up 
quarters  in  Salisbury,  and  as  a  remedy  about  a  peck  of 
small  Irish  potatoes  were  distributed  in.  our  room.  This 
gave  us  all  one  apiece,  and  some  of  us  were  lucky  enough 
to  get  two.  They  were  devoured  raw  with  avidity,  and 
with  greater  relish  than  any  peach  or  plum  I  ever  ate.  At 
one  time  a  woman  came  into  the  prison  with  sweet  pota 
toes,  and  I  bought  a  peck  of  them.  These  were  quickly 
eaten,  after  which  I  would  go  out  into  the  yard  and  dig 
grass  and  eat  it  for  hours  at  a  time.  By  these  means  I 
kept  the  disease  at  bay.  Some  would  bury  themselves 
partly  in  sand,  as  a  remedy,  until  they  would  nearly  faint 
away  and  have  to  be  dug  out  by  their  comrades.  With 
many,  especially  in  the  second  stage,  as  it  was  called,  it 
was  a  useless  attempt,  and,  one  after  another,  they  gave  up 
to  the  disease  and  went  to  the  hospital,  never  to  return. 

But  the  day  of  our  release  was  at  hand,  and  on  the  2?d 
of  May,  1862,  we  signed  a  parole  of  honor  and  in  com 
panies  of  two  hundred  each  were  sent  by  rail  to  Tarboro. 
From  Tarboro  we  went  down  Tar  river  in  a  boat. 

When  our  eyes  first  caught  sight  of  the  "stars  and 
stripes,"  floating  from  a  United  States  gunboat  near  Wash 
ington,  North  Carolina,  the  Confederate  bayonets,  which 
were  pointed  at  the  breasts  of  a  score  of  us,  could  not 
prevent  our  shouts  of  joy.  It  was  the  shout  of  loyalty  and 
liberty.  We  were  placed  upon  a  United  States  gunboat  on 
the  25th  day  of  May,  ten  months  and  four  days  after  my 
capture.  During  this  time  my  hair  did  not  grow  as  much 
as  in  the  month  preceding  and  in  the  month  succeeding 
my  capture.  Vegetable  food  was  given  us,  and  scurvy 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  I  >9 

soon  disappeared.  Comrade  John  Wheeler,  of  the  2nd 
New  Hampshire,  was  not  so  fortunate.  Although  seem 
ingly  not  much  worse  when  we  left  Salisbury,  he  died  on 
the  boat.  Although  we  hoped  to  meet  some  of  our 
Southern  acquaintances  before  the  close  of  the  war,  there 
was  nothing  particularly  affecting  in  the  parting  scene. 
During  all  this  time  I  had  not  heard  a  word  from  home,  so 
that  practically  I  had  had  a  Rip  Van  Winkle  sleep  for  ten 

months  ;  much  disturbed,  however,  by  terrible  dreams  and 

« 
nightmares. 


RICHMOND  PRISONS, 

1861-1862. 

PART    SECOND. 

THE     NAME,     RANK,     COMPANY,     REGIMENT     AND     STATE     OF 
THE    FOUR    THOUSAND    WHO    WERE    CONFINED    THERE. 

MAINE. 

FIRST    REGIMENT,     INFANTRY. 

COMPANY    A. 

Private  W.  Schneider,  Left  at  Richmond 

COMPANY    D. 

Private  Thomas  Hern,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

E.  N.  Thomas,  Died 

SECOND    REGIMENT. 

Chaplain  John  F.  Mines,  D.D.,  Exchanged 

Fifer  Charles  Freeman,  Sent  home 


1 62 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  D.  B.  Nason, 
«       T.  F.  Reed, 


Private  J.  W.  King, 
"       W.  F.  Griffin, 
"       A.  Dillingham, 
J.  D.  Perkins, 


COMPANY  A. 


COMPANY  B. 


COMPANY  C. 


First  Lieutenant  I.  H.  Skinner, 
Corporal  R.  O.  Fife, 
Private  George  W.  Barton, 

"       J.  F.  Spaulding, 
G.  W.  Folger, 

"       James  Davis, 

"       A.  P.  Hanscom, 

"       J.  J.  Kellen, 

"       L.  R.  Haskell, 


COMPANY    D. 


First  Lieutenant  Sumner  Kittredge, 
Private  R.  Emery, 

"       R.  A.  Monroe, 
J.  C.  Gilman, 

"       G.  W.  Lord, 


Private  S.  E.  Fancy, 

«       O.  W.  Whitcomb, 
"       R.  Snow, 


Private  John  Coy, 

J.  W.  Withim, 


Private  H.  Black, 
J.  Banks, 
"       B.  Frazier, 
"       J.  A.  Bailey, 
"       A.  Fenton, 
'«       H,  A.  H  olden, 


COMPANY    E. 


COMPANY    F. 


COMPANY    G. 


Sent  to  Columbia 
Exchanged 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
"     "       Alabama 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Exchanged 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
"     "      Tuscaloosa 


Sent  to  Alabama 

Exchanged 

1 1 

Died 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
"     "       Alabama 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Exchanged 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  H.  M.  Pollard, 
"       W.  J.  Wade, 
"       G.  M.  Clewly, 
"       W.  Severance, 


Sergeant  E.  C.  Bickford, 
Private  A.  G.  Cleaves, 

H.  A.  Gatchnell, 
"       O.  F.  Millette, 
"       James  Speed, 

H.  M.  Blaisdell, 
"       F.  S.  Rosenbeck, 
H.  H.  Scribner, 


Private  James  Carroll, 

McTaggert, 

"       Dennis  Mahoney, 

H.  L.  Perkins, 
"       Thomas  D.  Rice, 


Private  W.  J.  Deveraux, 
S.  D.  Gates, 
Willard  Luce, 


COMPANY   H. 


COMPANY    I. 


COMPANY    K. 


Exchanged 

1 1 

Died 

Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

"     "      Tuscaloosa 

"     "          Alabama 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

"     "     Columbia 
"     "       Alabama 


Died 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


THIRD    REGIMENT. 


Private  Joe  Gressey, 
"       Stephen  Russell, 


Sergeant  C.  C.  Drew, 
Private  John  Jones, 
"       T.  Welsh, 


Private  J.  Sanger, 
Private  Duel  Martin, 


COMPANY  A. 


COMPANY  B. 


COMPANY  C. 


COMPANY  D. 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Died 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


164 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Sergeant  A.  R.  Morrison, 


Corporal  A.  H.  Brown, 
Private  Augustus  Crosby, 
"       Atwood  Crosby, 
"       C.  A.  Henrickson, 
"       T.  Morgan, 
A.  B.  Foss, 


COMPANY  F. 


COMPANY  G. 


COMPANY  II. 


Private  M.  Foss, 
M.  Tabor, 
Albert  C.  Ballard, 
J.  F.  Goodwin, 

-  Pillsbury, 
"        L.  Ballard, 
"       T.  W.  Morrow, 

Charles  H.  Preston, 


COMPANY    I. 


Private  Charles  H.  Burden, 

FOURTH    REGIMENT. 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Died 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
"     "      Tuscaloosa 

"     "  Alabama 

Exchanged 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Hospital  Steward,  Charles  S.  McCobb, 
Hospital  Nurse,  C.  F.  Perry, 


Private  G.  W.  Sylvester, 
S.  Sylvester, 
W.  Ellis, 


Private  Charles  O.  Farland, 

H.  B.  Story, 
"        Lafayette  Richards, 


COMPANY  A. 


COMPANY    B. 


COMPANY    C. 


First  Lieutenant  T.  B.  Glover, 
Private  Dennis  Cannon, 
S.  B.  Gowen, 


Exchanged 
Died 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

44  li  II  14 

"     "      Tuscaloosa 


Sent  home 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

"     "  Alabama 


Released 

Exchanged 

Died 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  F.  J.  Stetson, 
"       M.  L.  Woodcock, 


Private  J.  Gray, 

H.  R.  Haskell, 

"       George  Stratto, 


Sergeant  A.  Robertson, 

F.  W.  Hall, 
Private  William  Packard, 


COMPANY    D. 


COMPANY    E. 


COMPANY    F. 


Second  Lieutenant  Charles  H.  Burd, 
Private  R.  G.  Bickford, 
"       II.  A.  Colagin, 
H.  Delano, 
E.  J.  Barlow, 


COMPANY    G. 


Private  C.  R.  Brookins, 

F.  Shaw, 
"       Josiah  Marston, 


COMPANY    II. 


Private  G.  W.  Anderson, 
"        G.  W.  Cunningham, 
"       M.  Jackson, 

J.  Trim, 

"       Jonathan  Knight, 
H.  B.  Washburn, 


COMPANY    I. 


Private  Frank  Forges, 
"       G.  W.  D  welly, 
"        R.  Trevatt, 
"       D.  Mathews, 
E.  Maddox, 


,6s 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
"  "  Tuscaloosa 
"  "  Alabama 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Left  in  Richmond 
Exchanged 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 
"     "          Alabama 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Died 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 


"     "      Tuscaloosa 
"     "         Columbia 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

"     "      Alabama 

"     "     Columbia 

Exchanged 


FIFTH    REGIMENT. 


Hospital  Steward  H.  Buzzell, 
"  "         W.  S.  Noyes, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Exchanged 


166 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Wagoner  M.  Kellej, 
Murker  J.  M.  Hoyt, 

Private  G.  Rogers, 
Private  L.  F.  Winslow, 


COMPANY  A. 


COMPANY  B. 


COMPANY  D. 


First  Lieutenant  George  B.  Kenniston, 
Corporal  E.  P.  Blandell, 
Private  J.  Willis, 

L.  Hassett, 
"       John  Comly, 
W.  Hamlin, 


Private  W.  G.  Robinson, 


Private  A.  Johnson, 
T.  Lougan, 
I.  Polleys, 


Private  E.  C.  Covell, 
"       W.  Richardson, 
"       E.  L.  Clark, 


Corporal  R.  B.  Kendall, 

"         Crawford  Dunn, 
Private  P.  Horan, 
H.  Pratt, 
"       W.  H.  White, 


Private  A.  Bryant, 
"        F.  Brown, 
"        E.  M.  Goodwin, 
"       F.  Haskell, 
L.  W.  Tolc, 
D.  B.  Wood, 


COMPANY    E. 


COMPANY    F. 


COMPANY    G. 


COMPANY    PI, 


COMPANY    K. 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
"     New  Orleans 


Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Exchanged 

Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  home 

"     "  Alabama 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


"     "      Charleston 

Alabama 

Exchanged 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 
FOURTEENTH   REGIMENT. 


i67 


COMPANY   C. 


Private  S.  W.  Hewitt, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

SECOND    REGIMENT   INFANTRY. 


COMPANY    A. 


Private  T.  S.  Heaton, 
"       J.  F.  Wheeler, 
"       Charles  W.  Sebastion, 
"       D.  Jaquith, 


COMPANY   13. 


Corporal  Thomas  E.  Baker, 

D.  C.  Haynes, 
Waiter  J.  C.  Emerson, 
Private  John  L.  Fitts, 
"       H.  Moore, 
H.  Perry, 
"       George  Clay, 


Private  John  A.  Baker, 
"       John  Davis, 
D.  Martin, 
F.  Tucker, 
"       Josiah  Burley, 
"       T.  A.  Emerson, 
"       F.  Wetherby, 


Sergeant  J.  Hall, 

Private  A.  D.  Leathers, 
"       A.  T.  Kidder, 
"       Charles  L.  Jones, 
11       W.  Holden, 
"       H.  H.  Emerson, 
"       H.  West, 


COMPANY    C. 


COMPANY    D. 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Died 

Exchanged 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Tuscaloosa 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


home 

Tuscaloosa 
Died 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

"     "      Tuscaloosa 
Alabama 


1 68 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Fifer  J.  R.  Morse, 
Private  L.  W.  Colbath, 
S.  M.  Heath, 


Private  G.  W.  Dow, 

"       R.  F.  Stephenson, 
"       C.  Stevens, 


Private  A.  B.  Bailey, 
"       Nelson  Herd, 


Private  H..  Allen, 

11       S.  M.  Joy, 

"       J.  H.  Whiteman, 
L.  Wallsrode, 
G.  A.  Grout, 

«       W.  H.  Walker, 


Private  J.  H.  Barry, 

"       A.  B.  Robertson, 
"       A.  L.  Hall, 
"       M.  Eastman, 
«       R.  F.  Stevens, 


Private  O.  L.  Allen, 

Charles  Ridge, 

"       George  Sawyer, 
L.  Allen, 

«'       David  S.  Brooks, 


COMPANY  E. 


COMPANY  F. 


COMPANY  G. 


COMPANY  H. 


COMPANY  I. 


COMPANY  K. 


NO  COMPANY  GIVEN. 


Captain  L.  Holmes, 
Private  W.  F.  Oxford, 

Charles  H.  Chase, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
"      "  Alabama 

"      "       Tuscaloosa 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

"     "         Columbia 

Left  at  Richmond 


Died 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Alabama 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Tuscaloosa 
Columbia 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Columbia 
Died 


Sent  home 
Died 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 
THIRTY-EIGHTH    REGIMENT. 


i69 


Corporal  A.  C.  Bowers, 


Private  George  Boutwell, 


COMPANY   B. 


COMPANY    K. 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


VERMONT. 

SECOND    REGIMENT,    INFANTRY. 


COMPANY   A. 


Corporal  W.  E.  Murphy, 
Private  A.  J.  Noyes, 
"       0.  A.  Lowe, 
"       John  Gowing, 


Private  H.  L.  Breckenreed, 
"       W.  Gifford, 
"       J.  Bolton, 


Corporal  C.  B.  Rice, 
Private  A.  L.  Graves, 
P.  A.  Streeter, 


COMPANY   B. 


COMPANY    C. 


Exchanged 

a 

Sent  to  Salisbury 
Died 


Exchanged 
ii 

Sent  to  Columbia 
Exchanged 


Private  J.  C.  Goodell, 
"       A.  H.  Robinson. 
"       J.  R.  Wheeler, 
"       M.  Pratt, 


Private  J.  Murray, 

D.  K.  Stickney, 

"       E.  N.  Kables, 


THIRD    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY   C. 


COMPANY    D. 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

ii       < ;        it  n 

Exchanged 
Sent  home 


Exchanged 

<  t 

Died 

n 


170 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Teamster  W.  O.  Brown, 
Private  G.  A.  Martin, 


Fifer  B.  Taylor, 


Captain  J.  J.  Drew, 
Corporal  T.  Redmond, 
Private  B.  Martin, 


Fifer  C.  H.  Lewis, 
Private  A.  W.  Paris, 

"       W.  A.  Woodbury, 

"       George  Streeter, 


Private  John  Leonard, 
"       Nathan  Rose, 


Private  E.  Grinnell, 
Engineer  R.  Flynn, 


COMPANY    E. 


COMPANY    F. 


COMPANY    G. 


COMPANY    II. 


COMPANY    I. 


COMPANY    K. 


Exchanged 


Exchanged 


"     "      Charleston 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

"     "      Tuscaloosa 


Exchanged 

Left  at  Richmond 

Sent  home 


Died 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Exchanged 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

FIRST   REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   A. 

Private  J.  R.  Haywood,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

COMPANY   C. 

Private  W.  Whitcomb,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

COMPANY    D. 

Private  S.  T.  Long,  Sent  to  Alabama 

COMPANY  *G. 

Sergeant  W.  A.  Searls,  Sent  to  Alabama 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  E.  K.  Stinson, 
"       M.  Desmond, 
"       G.  T.  Moore, 

Edward  Field, 
"        C.  G.  Fuller, 


Private  Geo.  W.  Grav, 


i7i 

Sent  to  Alabama 


U  II 


COMPANY    H. 


SECOND    REGIMENT. 


Exchanged 
Exchanged 


Private  Lyman  Adams, 
"       James  Alexander, 


Private  H.  V.  Corning, 


Teamster  H.  Martin, 


Private  J.  H.  Griggs, 
"       F.  L.  Tibbett, 


Private  H.  L.  Wheeler, 
"       E.  S.  Wheeler, 


Private  H.  F.  Briggs, 
"       S.  A.  Gate, 


Private  Edward  Forster, 


Private  E.  J.  Williams, 


COMPANY  E. 
COMPANY  F. 

4 

FIFTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY  A. 
COMPANY  B. 

COMPANY  C. 
COMPANY  D. 

COMPANY  E. 
COMPANY  F. 


Sent  to  North  Fairgrounds 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Exchanged 


172 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


COMPANY    G. 


Sergeant  C.  Hosmer, 
Private  W.  C.  Bates, 
"       B.  McSweenej, 

C.  Woodwell, 
"       J.  A.  Shaw, 

D.  Patch, 

"       Martin  Ohyer, 


Private  William  Shanley, 
"       D.  Blanchard, 


Sergeant  G.  W.  Aborn, 
Private  D.  W.  Dow, 
"       Isaac  Lowe, 


COMPANY  H. 


COMPANY  I. 


COMPANY  K. 


Sergeant  G.  F.  Childs, 

W.  S.  Rice, 

"  Samuel  E.  Chandler, 

Private  Charles  Ainger, 
C.  Babcock, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Alabama 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Exchanged 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 
"     ':  Alabama 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Exchanged 
Sent  to  Alabama 


NINTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   A. 


Private  Thomas  Ives, 


COMPANY    I. 


Corporal  William  Vogedy, 
"       Samuel  Murphy, 


Sent  to  Columbia 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


ELEVENTH    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    A. 


Musician  A.  Thompson, 

Private  J.  Kilduff, 

"       Michael  Diggen, 
"      J.  F.  Craff, 


Exchanged 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 


RICHMOND   PRISONS 


'7.J 


Private  John  McGlinn, 
"       A.  E.  Farmer, 


Private  Hugh  Gillen, 


Private  T.  Spamer, 
"        F.  Fannigan, 
"       Edward  Foster, 
"       J.  Haberer, 
"       James  Thomas, 


Private  John  McCarty, 
"       M.  Hughes, 
"       Charles  H.  Hewett, 


Teamster  H.  Stone, 
Private  Robert  Thornton, 
"        F.  Donovan, 
"       Joseph  Birch, 
"       J.  W.  B.  Lippman, 
"       James  Rigby, 


Corporal  W.  Kerr, 
Private  G.  W.  Dorr, 

"       James  French, 
"       James  Sheiden, 
"       E.  Haynes, 
"       I.  Mitchell, 
"       John  Wheelan, 
M.  Conant, 
John  Blakely, 


Sergeant  A.  Bradshaw, 

Private  J.  Kilroy, 

F.  L.  Clark, 
"       Thomas  James, 
"      W,  K.  Edgar, 


'COMPANY  B. 


COMPANY  C. 


COMPANY  D. 


COMPANY  E. 


COMPANY  F. 


COMPANY  G. 


Sent  home 
Died 


Exchanged 


Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

Exchanged 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  Salisbury 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Exchanged 
(i 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
"       "       Alabama 

Exchanged 


Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

Left  in  Richmond 

Exchanged 


174  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

COMPANY   H. 

Second  Lieutenant  G.  W.  CalefT,  Sent  to  Charleston 

Private  S.  Willey,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

George  B.  Wade,  "     "      " 

"       Charles  Knowlton,  "     "      "         " 

H.  C.  Jacobs, 

"       R.  Warren,  Sent  to  Alabama 

"       R.  L  Newell, 
"       S.  Weld,  Died 

William  Mansfield,  Exchanged 

"       J.  N.  Clark, 

D.  Blanchard, 

G.  D.  Torey, 
"       W.  Edes, 


FIFTEENTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   A. 

Captain  George  W.  Rockwood,  Sent  to  County  Jail 

Sergeant  C.  A.  Lamb,  Died 

Corporal  J.  M.  Robins,  Left  in  Richmond 

Private  J.  Roach, 
"       J.  Sullivan, 
H.  Danson, 

"       L.  S.  Atgood,  " 

C.  G.  Moss, 

A.  A.  Pelton,  Sent  to  Salisbury 

S.  M.  Frost, 

"       G.  H.  Watson,  "     " 

"       A.  Johnson, 

"       John  W.  Kingsbury,  "     "         " 

"       M.  L.  Nutting, 
"       George  Wood, 
"       C.  H.  Wilder, 
"       W.  B.  Whitney, 
"       T.  May, 
'*       G.  F.  Newton,  "     "    Alabama 

COMPANY    B. 

Captain  C.  S.  Simmonds,  Released 

Private  Albert  Litchfield,  Exchanged 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  17^ 

PrivateJ.  H.  Pritchard,  Sent  to  Salisbury 

"       J.  L.  Moody,  "     •« 

"       William  Maynard,  ««     ««         « 

"       George  K.  Gilchrist,  "     «         >< 

"       J.  Preitt,  Left  in  Richmond 

"       L.  W.  Stone,  «      « 

C.  A.  Stevens,  "       « 

C.J.Eaton, 

H.  F.  Whitmore,  «      " 

"       G.  C.  Hosmer,  "      «          «< 

"       H.  I.  Hosmer,  «      «*          t< 

"       I.  E.  Morse,  »      *«          « 
"       T.  May, 

"       W.  W.  Holman,  «       « 

"       N.  P.  Howard,  *»      «. 
"       J.  B.  Burns, 

COMPANY    C. 

Captain  Henry  Bowman,  Sent  to  County  Jail 

First  Lieutenant  J.  C.  Green,  Left  in  Richmond 

Orderly  Sergeant  W.  A.  Cook,  Exchanged 

Sergeant  Felix  Fagan,  Left  in  Richmond 

"          A.  Fuller,  «      «           « 

"           Robert  Crawford,  «       »«           « 

Corporal  J.  D.  Brigham,  ««      ««          « 

"          J.  A.  Bonney,  «      ^          <4 

A.  H.  Putman,  ««      <t          « 

D.  O.  Wallace,  <4      « 

J.  Hodgkins,  «       «           u 

George  W.  Dell,  ««      «<          <( 

Private  J.  A.  Hamilton,  «      «          (( 

"       J.  O.  Howard,  «.       44 

"       A.  S.  Jaquith,  «*       «           <t 

"       C.  A.  Kenney,  <«      •«          44 

"       R.  K.  Cooper,  «      <t          t< 

"       H.  Greenwood,  «      («          t« 

"       G.  W.  B.  Sawyer,  .1      c£ 

"       W.  A.  Taylor,  ««       «« 

"       Moses  Beaman,  <«      «          «< 

Henry  J.  Rigg,  «       ,, 

"       Thomas  B.  Rose,  «      «'          « 

"       Thomas  A.  Woodward,  Died 

"       J'  R  Chanery,  Sent  to  Salisbury 


176 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  H.  E.  Eagerly, 
"       John  Smith, 
"       Arthur  Donnelly, 


COMPANY    D. 


Captain  J.  M.   Studley, 
Sergeant  L.  D.  Gottard, 

"  G.  G.  Noyes, 
Corporal  C.  N.  Smith, 
Private  Alfred  F.  Smith, 

J.  B.  Taylor, 
"       B.  J.  Thompson, 
"       Daniel  Jamison, 
"       J.  E.  White, 
"       Charles  Bemis, 
"       H.  Bemis, 
"       Anthony  Earle, 

J.  Daniel, 
"       John  Day, 

John  H.  Devall, 

Charles  W.  Upham, 
"       T.  J.  Hastings, 

H.  Huffton, 
"       H.  Henery, 

H.  Weixler, 

H.  Fuller, 

W.  H.  Ford, 
"       F.  A.  Geissler, 
"       C.  B.  Benzy, 
"       W.  Alger, 
"        W.  H.  Andrews, 
"       C.  H.  Adams, 


COMPANY   E. 


Lieutenant  B.  B.  Vassall, 
Corporal  Patrick  Moore, 

"          J.  M.  Norcross, 
O.  M.  Mclntire, 

"          O.  M.  Moyneham, 

"          E.  F.  McKenzie, 
Private  W.  H.  Amidon, 

"       John  Ackerdy, 

««      Thomas  M.  Dockham, 


Sent  to  Salisbury 
Sent  to  Charleston 


^Released 
Left  in  Richmond 

Exchanged 

Left  in  Richmond 

a       it          a 

Sent  to  Salisbury 


Sent  to  Charleston 

Died 

Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 

Exchanged 

Left  in  Richmond 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  James  Duffee, 
"  W.M.Davis, 
"  G.  B.  Davis, 

W.  H.  Emerson, 
"       L.  Fipps, 
"       Patrick  Fagan, 
"       Daniel  Cobb, 

D.  F.  Rindge, 
"      J.  C.  Fellows, 
"        Otis  Cobin, 
"       Thomas  Conroj 

W.  Conroj, 

B.  Smith, 

"       Nathaniel  Vial, 
"      Joseph  H.  Williams, 


17-7 
Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Salisbury 


COMPANY   F. 


Corporal  C.  A.  Doane, 

D.  W.  Knight, 
Private  J.  A.  Howard, 

C.  M.  Dilland, 
"       G.  C.  Mann, 
"       C.  H.  Bartlett, 
"       w-  H-  Nichol, 
"       W.  H.  Belcher, 

H.  A.  Omsbj, 
"       W.  L.  Adams, 

A.  H.  Foster, 
"       S.  H.  Blackmers, 

R.  Preston, 
»       J.  H.  Pryor, 

David  Rickey, 

H.  Slayton, 
"       H.  Vibart, 
"      James  Nichols, 
"       Artemas  D.  Ward, 
"       J.  H.  Belcher, 

H.  C.  Allbee, 
"       W.  H.  H.  BroAver, 
"       T.  H.  Banister, 
4<       E.  A.  Rice, 


Exchanged 


Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Richmond 


Exchanged 

« 

Sent  to  Salisbury 


1 78 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


COMPANY   G. 


Sergeant  J.  P.  Stone, 
Corporal  George  Davis, 
"  Charles  Davis, 

G.  W.  Wingate, 
Private  H.  O.  Adams, 

J.  llowith, 
"       M.  Dugan, 
"       C.  L.  Hill, 
"       W.  T.  Moore, 
"       Samuel  E.  Osland, 

S.  Griffin, 

"       Thomas  Glacken, 
"       E.  S.  Livermore, 
"       C.  L.  Carwell, 
"       L.  D.  Ball, 
S.  Bonner, 
C.  H.  Rockwood, 
"       R.  A.  Ellis, 
"        Samuel  McCurdy, 
"       A.  W.  Fairbanks, 


Private  J.  S.  Williams, 

"  Thomas  Horn, 

"  J.  Howarth, 

"  E.  H.  Hewit, 

"  R.  II.  Gardner, 

"  D.  McKeown, 

"  John  Clancy, 

"  P.  F.  Underwood, 

"  Patrick  Coyle, 

»  John  W.  Foster, 


Corporal  E.  L.  Parmenter, 
Private  W.  H.  Palmer, 
«       H.  Rasick, 
"       II.  J.  Raymond, 
"       Hiram  Ward, 
"       Joseph  Sendback, 
"      James  Stephens, 
*«       R.  Thayer, 


COMPANY    H. 


COMPANY   I. 


Left  in  Richmond 


Died 
Sent  to  Salisbury 


Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Salisbury 

(  (  «  I  < 

Exchanged 
Left  in  Richmond 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  179 

* 

Private  John  Healy,  ,        Left  in  Richmond 

"       Patrick  Healy, 

S.  Hatfield, 

S.  Kelley, 
"       J.  Holland, 
"       Benjamin  Taft, 
"       Thomas  O'Connor, 

V.  Negs, 

Henry  Groh, 

W.  F.  Converse, 
"  L.  H.  Cumings, 
"  Thomas  Cassidy, 

H.  H.  Clapp, 

W.  M.  Bosworth, 
"        Henry  Butler,  "       "  " 

P.  Barlow,  "       " 

"       Daniel  Lewis,  Exchanged 

"       R.  E.  Corrin,  Sent  to  Salisbury 

COMPANY    K. 

Second  Lieutenant  J.  H.  Hooper,  Left  in  Richmond 

Sergeant  W.  H.  Freimann,  '•       "           " 
Private  Charles  Garrinidge, 

C.  W.  Brandt, 
"       W.  H.  Burham, 

':       A.  Peacock,  "       "           " 

"        Henry  Ford,  Sent  to  Salisbury 

"        A.  Fitzsimons,  Left  in  Richmond 

"       D.  Farrar,  "       "           " 

R.  Hickson,  "      " 

Patrick  McGahey,  "       " 

M.  McBride, 

Edward  Olney, 

"       Augustus  Groebitz,  Sent  to  Salisbury 

M.  McKinsey,  "     " 


SIXTEENTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    C. 

Private  A.  L.  Hartwell,  Sent  to  North  Fairground 


i8o 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


TWENTIETH    REGIMENT. 


Colonel  W.  Raymond  Lee, 
Adjutant  Charles  Pearson, 
Major  Paul  J.  Revere, 
Assistant  Surgeon  E.  H.  Revere, 


COMPANY   A. 


Sergeant  R.  W.  Weston, 
Private  A.  Brown, 

"       Thomas  Donnison, 
"       James  Divine, 
"       Thomas  Hartford, 
"       Gilbert  Gressy, 

F.  E.  Hatch, 
"       Jeremiah  Healy, 
"       Daniel  Murphy, 

V.  Rawlins, 
"       W.  H.  Smith, 
"       Henry  Heath, 

H.  Shaw, 
"       Timothy  Toursey, 


COMPANY   C. 


Sergeant  Fred  Will, 
Corporal  J.  J.  Goulding, 

H.  Vogel, 

Private  John  Quimby, 
J.  Schlecer, 

"       F.  Mint, 

"       Christopher  Moegle, 
William  Lank, 

"       Jacob  Wipfel, 

"       Francis  Zanner, 

"       John  Rhoeh 

"       Albert  Rice, 

"       Fred  Robert, 

"       James  Russell, 

"       Fred  Hill, 

"       C.  H.  Halbert, 

"       Joseph  Heim, 

"       J.  B.  Hays, 


Sent  to  County  Jail 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  County  Jail 

Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 
Sent  to  Salisbury 


Sent  to  Richmond 
Exchanged 


Sent  to  Salisbury 

Left  in  Richmond 

a      ti          « 

Sent  to  Salisbury 
Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Salisbury 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  William  Fox, 

Charles  Christalj, 
Daniel  Griffin, 


Lieutenant  G.  B.  Perry, 

Sergeant  R.  H.  L.  Talcott, 
"          James  Cogans, 

H.  A.  Derry, 
"          S.  R.  Reaves, 

Corporal  Richard  Hawkins, 
"  Charles  J.  Curtis, 

Private  Alexander  Aiken, 

Richard  Duffin, 
"       J.  W.  Dupee, 
"       John  Baxter, 
"       W.  Irvine, 
"       George  Lucas, 
"       J.  H.  Place, 
"       W.  O.  Reed, 
"       John  Rumble, 

C.  McQuestion, 
"       A.  H.  Partridge, 

James  Tetter, 
"       William  Graham, 
"       James  Smith, 
"       George  Schuster, 
"       Hugh  O'Hawan, 
"       W.  H.  Sinster, 
"       James  Felter, 
"       Lewis  Dunn, 
"       John  Murphy, 


Sergeant  D.  W.  Johnson, 
"          E.  Eickenston, 
"          George  Smith, 

Private  Andrew  Ragan, 
"       G.  Smith, 
"       Patrick  Dougherty, 
"       W.  Thompson, 
"       Cornelius  Leary, 


COMPANY    D. 


COMPANY   E. 


181 

Sent  to  Salisbury 


Released 
Left  in  Richmond 


Dead 
Sent  to  Salisbury 


Left  in  Richmond 
Exchanged 

(  4 

Left  in  Richmond 
Sent  to  Salisbury 


I  82 


RICHMOND    PRISON'S 


Private  A.  Johnson, 
"       George  Bretton, 


Private  J.  R.  Nichols, 


Sent  to  Salisbury 


COMPANY  F. 


COMPANY  G. 


Orderly  Sergeant  E.  A.  Mellen, 
Corporal  R.  Harlow, 
Private  John  Nevin, 

"       Thomas  Chapman, 

"       E.  D.  Chase, 

"       F.  S.  Allen, 

"       John  Powers, 

Patrick  Quinell, 

"       Edward  Barry, 

"       George  W.  Lewis, 


COMPANY   H. 


Sergeant  W.  R.  Reed, 

"          Thomas  Armstrong, 
J.  H.  Alley, 
H.  Allbright, 
M.  Alley, 

Private  Thomas  F.  Mack, 
"       James  Clarke, 

John  W.  Corbett, 
"       Daniel  Woodward, 
"       J.  Flosom, 
"       Daniel  Farley, 
"       John  Flinn, 
"       Charles  Foster, 
"       H.  A.  Fairbanks, 
"       W.  Powers, 

T.  C.  Richards, 
"       J.  D.  Runney, 

Charles  O.  Newell, 
W.  Duffee, 
Timothy  Hart, 
"       John  Hirst, 


Sent  to  Salisbury 


Exchanged 
Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Salisbury 
Exchanged 


Exchanged 
Left  in  Richmond 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  Salisbury 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


COMPANY    I. 


Sergeant  Thomas  J.  Ponsland, 

Private  E.  V.  Skinner, 
"  A.  J.  Laverty, 
"  Samuel  Lowell, 

J.  S.  Barker, 
"       W.  F.  Hill, 


Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Salisbury 


THIRTIETH     REGIMENT. 


Private  Thomas  Kelley, 
"       L.  H.  Kelley, 


Private  M.  V.  Kempton, 

"       Albert  Kelley, 


COMPANY   A. 


COMPANY    I. 


Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Salisbury 
Exchanged 


BATTERY. 


Private  Augustus  Blaney, 


COMPANY    I. 


Exchanged 


SCHOONER    UNION. 


Sailor  John  Lawrence, 


Sent  to  Columbia 


SHIP  JARVIS. 


Sailor  John  Albrecht, 


Died 


1 84 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


RHODE    ISLAND. 

FIRST    REGIMENT,     VOLUNTEERS. 


Quartermaster  W.  L.  Bowers, 


Private  A.  M.  Bowen, 
"       Albert  Pennott, 


Private  D.  W.  Barnes, 

John  Clark, 
"       A.  Haskins, 


Private  C.  D.  Smith, 
"       W.  W.  Snow, 


COMPANY    A. 


COMPANY  B. 


COMPANY  C. 


COMPANY  D. 


First  Lieutenant  L.  R.  Knight, 
Corporal  A.  S.  Shirtleff, 
Private  A.  J.  White, 
"       L.  D.  Jenks, 


Private  A.  P.  Bashford, 
«       S.  W.  King, 
"       S.  B.  Simmonds, 


COMPANY  F. 


Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Died 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  home 
Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  home 

Died 

Sent  to  Alabama 


Exchanged 

Left  in  Richmond 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 


COMPANY  G. 


Private  W.  Hannon, 
«       J.  Pollard, 
"       H.  D.  Perkins, 
"       James  Seaman, 
"       Ed.  Holmes, 
H.  Stafford, 


Sent  to  North  Fairground 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Left  in  Richmond 


COMPANY  H. 


Private  Alfred  B.  Waldron, 


Sent  to  Alabama 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


I85 


Private  John  F.  Tra.sk, 


COMPANY    I. 


COMPANY   K. 


Private  F.  Jacobs, 

Captain  W.  L.  Bowers,  (no  company  given) 


Sent  to  Columbia 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Sent  to  Alabama 


SECOND    REGIMENT   VOLUNTEERS. 


Musician  L.  King, 

W.  B.  Ryan, 
Forage  Master  G.  A.  Stitson. 


Private  A.  S.  Maddison, 


Private  Michael  Monohue 

D.  G.  Shippy, 
"        H.  Jacques, 


COMPANY  A. 


COMPANY  B. 


COMPANY  C. 


First  Lieutenant  W.  H.  Clark, 
Corporal  J.  B.  Burt, 
Private  Charles  Bean, 

"        William  Crossley, 

"       J.  M.  McCabe, 

"        J.  B.  Smith, 
J.  M.  Cobb, 


Private  W.  Aborn, 

"        George  Athwood, 
"        L.  A.  Bessee, 


COMPANY  D. 


COMPANY  E. 


Second  Lieutenant  J.  M.  Church, 
Private  Isaac  Rodman, 
"        John  Clark, 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  Alabama 


Exchanged 


Exchanged 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Died 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Died 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  Salisbury 
Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Died 

Exchanged 
24 


1 86 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


COMPANY    F. 


Sergeant  Frank  Jeffrey, 
L.  F.  Rogers, 
Private  John  Newell, 

E.  C.  Rounds, 
"        A.  F.  Smith, 
J.  C.  Barnes, 


Private  D.  Lake, 

J.  F.  Wilkinson, 


Corporal  Alonzo  Bradford, 

"        F.  Greene, 
Private  Thomas  W.  May, 


Private  G.  W.  Farnun, 
"        B.  Baily, 
"        Hugh  Healey, 


Corporal  D.  C.  Sullivan, 
Private  J.  McCabe, 
11        J.  Broy, 

H.  F.  Hines, 


COMPANY    G. 


COMPANY    H. 


COMPANY     I. 


COMPANY    K. 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  Columbia 

Sent  to  Alabama 

i (     i»         it 

Exchanged 


Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Exchanged 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  home 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Exchanged 


THIRD    REGIMENT    VOLUNTEERS. 


Private  Charles  Cornell, 
••        W.  F.  Matterson, 


Private  L.  C.  Olney, 


COMPANY  B. 


COMPANY   D. 


Sent  to  Salisbury 


Left  in  Richmond 


SECOND    LIGHT   BATTERY. 


Private  Joshua  Brown, 
"        H.  Goldsmith, 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  Columbia 


Private  J.  Brooks, 


Private  Oliver  Lewis, 


C.  Rodman, 


RICHMOND  PRISONS 
THIRD  LIGHT  BATTERY. 

ROCKETT'S  BATTERY. 

CITIZEN. 

CONNECTICUT, 

FIRST   REGIMENT. 
Driver  F.  Seack, 

COMPANY   B. 

Private  B.  Sanger, 

COMPANY    D. 

First  Lieutenant  Charles  Walter, 

COMPANY   E. 

Waiter  Isaac  Jennings, 
Private  A.  H.  Hudinott, 


,87 

Exchanged 

Exchanged 
Exchanged 


Private  A.  Biglow, 


Private  H.  Judson, 


Chaplain  H.  Eddy, 


Corporal  W.  E.  Rich, 


COMPANY  G. 


COMPANY  H. 


SECOND    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    A. 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Charleston 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

<«  U  M  it 

Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

Sent  to  Charleston 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


1 88 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Corporal  J.  B.  Jennings, 
Private  J.  F.  Wilkinson, 


COMPANY   B. 


COMPANY   C. 


Private  Charles  A.  Murray, 


Private  M.  Harvey, 

Charles  W.  Payne, 


Private  S.  A.  Cooper, 


Private  E.  Lamb, 


Private  James  McCauley, 


COMPANY  E. 


COMPANY  F. 


COMPANY  G, 


COMPANY  K. 


THIRD   REGIMENT. 


Surgeon  John  McGregor, 


Private  S.  T.  Johnson, 
George  Weed, 


Corporal  W.  R.  Moulton, 


Private  L.  M.  Killbird, 


Private  E.  B.  Arnold, 
"        J.  D.  Gilmore, 
"        Joseph  Paight, 
"        John  McManus, 
"        John  F.  Fancher, 


COMPANY  A. 


COMPANY  D. 


COMPANY  E. 


COMPANY  F. 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Columbia 

Sent  to  Charleston 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 

• 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  Tusacloosa 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Exchanged 


RICHMOND   PRISONS  189 

COMPANY    G. 

Private  D.  Conner,  Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

COMPANY   H. 

Private  W.  Schlein,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

COMPANY    I. 

Private  A.  E.  Bronson,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

"        A.  L.  Benedict,  Sent  to  Alabama 

COMPANY    K. 

Private  C.  E.  Galpin,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

"        J.  Kennedy, 
"        G.  O'Brien,  Left  in  Richmond 


NEW    YORK. 

FIRST   REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   A. 

Private  Jesse  Jackson,  Left  in  Richmond 

"       John  Ayer,  '  "     " 

"        A.  J.  Nichols,  Exchanged 

"        John  Hare,  " 


COMPANY   C. 

Private  Dennis  Gleason,  Sent  to  North  Fairground 

"        John  Gorman,  .  Sent  to  North  Carolina 

COMPANY    D. 

Private  S.  Kinlock. 

COMPANY   G. 

Private  John  Telega,  Sent  to  North  Fairground 

SECOND    REGIMENT. 
Teamster  A.  Howard,  Sent  to  Salisbury 


190 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


COMPANY    A. 


Second  Lieutenant  Samuel  Irwin, 
Sergeant  F.  II .  Kenney, 
Private  John  McFarland, 
"        A.  Foley,  (Nurse) 
"        John  Ingraharn, 

E.  L.  March, 

D.  McCurdy, 

Robert  Earle, 
"  John  Monroe, 
"  M.  Mount, 

P.  G.  McGowen, 

T.  Reynolds, 

Jacob  Blauvett, 
"  J.  E.  Dolanson, 
"  Charles  Ingalls, 

William  Kerr, 


COMPANY    B. 


Private  H.  W.  Straud, 

"  A.  R.  Laport, 

"  Charles  S.  Morris, 

"  Walter  Ilutchings, 


Private  A.  Merrow, 

"        James  Pratt, 


Private  D.  Mooney, 
"        P.  McCormack, 
"        J.  Murphy, 
"        Robert  Tape, 
"        J.  McFarland, 
"        Thomas  Brookins, 


COMPANY  C. 


COMPANY  K. 


COMPANY  F. 


Sergeant  W.  II.  Wilson, 

D.  McNalty, 

Private  Charles  Vanderhoff, 
"        J.  McGuire, 


Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Exchanged 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Exchanged 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 

(  (  t  I  II  4  ( 


Sent  home 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


COMPANY    G. 


Sergeant  J.  McTirenon, 
Corporal  W.  A.  Tucker, 
Private  George  Mason, 

G.  W.  Isham, 
"        John  Crigean, 

II.  W.  Conro, 


COMPANY    II. 


Second  Lieutenant  J.  W.  Dempsey, 
Corporal  Thomas  C.  Ireson, 
Private  W.  Lord, 

S.  L.  Hurd, 
"        George  Beetman, 
L.  Farley, 
William  Maxwell, 
II.  Tibbetts, 
"        P.  Garneaux, 
"        John  Ingraham, 


COMPANY    I. 


Private  George  W.  Ashley, 
"        William  Savage, 
"        Leon  Levarey, 
"        L.  F.  Meagher, 


COMPANY    K. 


Sergeant  W.  H.  Connelly, 
Corporal  C.  I.  Marshall, 
Private  John  W.  Leonhard, 

S.  Graves, 

"        A.  Howard,  (Teamster) 
John  Paton,  (Hostler) 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

,    Exchanged 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

a     u      a         <« 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  to  Charleston 

Left  in  Richmond 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Exchanged 

« 

<( 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Exchanged 

Sent  to  Alabama 

n     «         a 

Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  home 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Left  in  Richmond 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

Sent  to  Salisbury 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 


THIRD   REGIMENT. 


Surgeon  Alfred  Powellj 


Private  Horace  Hunter, 
"        Martin  Ritchie, 


COMPANY   A. 


Sent  home 


Dead 
Exchanged 


192 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


FOURTH    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    A. 


Private  Robert  Earle, 


Left  in  Richmond 


FIFTH    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    F. 

Lieutenant's  son,  Charles  Smith, 

COMPANY    I. 

Captain  Thomas  Wilkeson, 


Left  in  Richmond 


Released 


SEVENTH    REGIMENT. 


Private  Jotham  Krischke, 
"        George  Weiland, 


Private  Charles  Ruhlam, 


Private  J.  J.  Lucas, 


COMPANY  A. 


COMPANY   C. 


Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Alabama 


Exchanged 


EIGHTH  REGIMENT. 


Sergeant  B.  L.  Blanch, 
Private  O.  II.  Swift, 


COMPANY   B. 


Corporal  E.  Pinto, 
Private  Charles  E.  Venables, 
R.  H.  Shafts, 


COMPANY   E. 


Captain  M.  Griffin, 
Private  G.  Beeny, 


Exchanged 
Sent  home 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Sent  home 
Exchanged 


Sent  to  Charleston 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


193 


Private  W.  A.  Green, 
R.  Linen, 
John  Clune, 


Private  James  Denny, 


COMPANIES    F     &    G. 


COMPANY   H. 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
«     «          « 

Exchanged 
Exchanged 


NINTH    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY   C. 


Corporal  J.  H.  Tuttle, 

Private  J.  V.  H.  Page, 

"        T.  S.  Rowan, 

"       J-  R.  Havens, 


Corporal  G.  Edward, 
Private  W.  H.  Edsall, 


Private  Frank  Trotter, 


Private  John  Reith, 


CONPANY  G. 


COMPANY  H. 


COMPANY  I. 


Sent  to  Columbia 


Sent  to  Columbia 

Sent  to  Columbia 
Sent  to  Columbia 


ELEVENTH    REGIMENT. 

Chaplain  G.  W.  Dodge, 
Hospital  Steward,  H.  L.  Perrin, 
Hospital  Nurse,  John  Furgerson, 
Corporal  Color  Guard  J.  W.  Cumesky, 

COMPANY    A. 


Sent  to  Charleston 


Exchanged 


Sergeant  A.  O.  Alcock,  Sent  to  Charleston 

Private  Richard  Gleason,  (Murdered  by  a  Sentinel)  Dead 

"        G.  Fosdick,  Exchanged 

"        Henry  Harrison,  Sent  to  Tuscaloosa. 

25 


194 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


COMPANY   B. 


Sergeant  R.  Brown, 
Private  Richard  Baker, 

"        B.  Carmody,  (Nurse) 
L.  F.  Vanhorn, 

"        McGeehan, 

"   .     V.  Schaltz, 

Ed  Schuller, 
"        J.  Maloney, 


COMPANY    C. 


Private  W.  G.  Bishop, 
"        A.  Tervilige, 

J.  H.  Taylor, 
"        Duncan  Richmond, 

W.  M.  Stephenson, 
"        W.  Stephenson, 

E.  Sandell, 
"        Patrick  Finn, 
"        John  Merrish, 

Ira  Wilson, 
"        John  Stacy, 


COMPANY    D. 


Captain  J.  H.  Downey, 
Private  J.  F.  Taylor, 

W.  Noll, 

"        John  Forlow, 
John  McGrath, 
George  R.  Smith, 
"        Robert  Kelley, 


Private  G.  McCorn, 

F.  N.  Wilkins, 

G.  H.  Bowers, 
"        John  Dunn, 

"        L.  McManus, 
L.  H.  Metcalf, 
A.  Holland, 
C.  E.  Rodgers, 

"       J.  T.  Butler, 


COMPANY    E. 


Exchanged 

Sent  to  Columbia 

Sent  to  Charleston 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

K  t  (  «  (  ( 

Sent  home 


Left  in  Richmond 
Sent  to  Charleston 


Sent  home 
Sent  to  Columbia 


Sent  to  Charleston 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Exchanged 

< « 
« 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  W.  Imms, 
E.  A.  Reed, 


Captain  L.  Gooden, 
Sergeant  W.  H.  Wilson, 
"        John  Campbell, 
Corporal  W.  F.  Wilson, 
Private  Alfred  Flostroj, 
"        William  Girvan, 
P.  B.  Gerraghy, 
J.  J.  Weir, 
"        J.  Hopkins, 


COMPANY    F. 


COMPANY    G. 


Lieutenant  A.  M.  Underbill, 
Private  T.  Gotschling, 


COMPANY    H. 


Private  Ed.  Walker, 

"        William  Morrison, 

C.  W.  Anderson, 
"        John  Shea, 
W.  Bragdon, 
Pat.  Connely, 
"        James  McGlinn, 
"        R.  Cunningham, 

C.  Vanes, 
"        John  Moran, 
W.  Heath, 
W.  H.  Clark, 


Sergeant  J.  M.  Leary, 

Private  T.  Barry, 
C.  Geard, 
P.  Cook, 
David  Smald, 
"        Soloman  Tyack, 


Private  M.  Strembel, 
"       J.  Morgan, 


COMPANY 


COMPANY   K. 


'95 

Sent  to  Charleston 


Sent  to  Charleston 
Sent  home 

14  « 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  Columbia 

n     «         « 


Sent  to  Charleston 

;  t        «  « 


Sent  to  Charleston 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  to  Columbia. 

Sent  to  Charleston 
Sent  to  Alabama 

Left  in  Richmond 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  Charleston 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

"     <<  n 

Sent  to  Alabama 

«     n        n 

Exchanged 


196 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  James  McGarr, 
John  R.  Decker, 
Thomas  Carroll, 


NO    REGIMENT    GIVEN. 


Private  H.  P.  Hale, 
H.  Smith, 
B.  Miller, 


Sent  to  Columbia 
«     ii         <  t 

Sent  to  Charleston 
Dead 


TWELFTH    REGIMENT. 


Private  Fred  Darby, 


Private  H.  O'Brien, 

"        Charles  Durand, 
"        W.  Johnson, 


COMPANY  D. 


COMPANY  K. 


Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  Columbia 

Dead 

Exchanged 


THIRTEENTH    REGIMENT. 


Private  George  Rosenberg, 


Private  R.  C.  Ketchum, 
"        J.  Elbridge, 


Private  J.  F.  Warner, 

G.  W.  Beilby, 

"        John  Merrish, 


Corporal  J.  J.  Cavanaugh, 
Private  W.  H.  Joslyn, 
"        J.  J.  Brown, 


COMPANY   C. 


Sent  to  Alabama 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  home 
Sent  to  Columbia 


Exchanged 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


COMPANY    E. 


Private  J.  Conway, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


RICHMOND   PRISONS 


197 


COMPANY   F. 


Private  George  Piggott, 
"        A.  W.  Pepper, 
W.  Piggott, 
T.  Reando, 
H.  J.  Garbutt, 
D.  B.  Aldrich, 
J.  Ballentine, 


Private  H.  F.  Blackman, 
"        O.  S.Baldwin, 


Private  William  Morrison, 
44        Peter  Kelley, 
M.  J.  Billion, 
"        C.  Vaness, 


Private  James  Baird, 
"        John  Streamer,   ' 


Private  A.  Raymond, 
"        James  McGarr, 
"        W.  Kelley, 


COMPANY    G. 


COMPANY   II. 


COMPANY    I. 


COMPANY    K. 


NO    COMPANY    GIVEN". 


Private  John  Williams, 
"        J.  B.  Nichols, 


Sent  to  Alabama 

it  4  i  (( 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  to  Columbia 

Exchanged 
« 

Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  Salisbury 
Exchanged 


Exchanged 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Dead 


FOURTEENTH   REGIMENT. 


Colonel  A.  M.  Wood,  (hostage) 
Surgeon  R.  A.  Goodenough, 


COMPANY   A. 


Sergeant  Charles  Colley, 
Private  James  Marfing, 
J.  Mack, 


County  Jail 
Sent  home 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


,9* 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  J.  Keating, 
"        Michael  Kellev, 


Private  R.  Bold, 

W.  Dakin, 

"        W.  Blvderburg, 

H.  Juckes, 


Corporal  A.  B.  Rowland, 
Private  G.  Rallen, 

A.  Wolstencroft, 

Charles  Renouf, 
"        Alfred  Copley, 

W.  W.  DeWitt, 
"       J.  H.  Wiese, 

J.  F.  Warner, 
"        J.  Clark, 
"        L.  Francis, 

C.  Tenevck, 


Sergeant  H.  Holmes, 
Private  J.  H.  Degroff, 

G.  W.  Dwenger, 
"        W.  Van  Horn, 

F.  J.  Biarnes, 
"        William  Reverez, 
W.  L.  Mansfield, 
H.  Burgdorf, 
J.  H.  McClung, 
Augustus  Ticknal, 


COMPANY    B. 


COMPANY    C. 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Exchanged 


Sent  to  North  Fairground 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  home 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
tt     it      tt        tt 
it     (i      tt        it 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Sent  to  Alabama 
tt     n        « 

it  it  « 


COMPAXY  D. 


COMPANY    E. 


Sergeant  H.  N.  Stenard, 
Private  M.  H.  Ten  Ejck, 
"        P.  McManus, 
"        Styles  Middleton, 
"        Charles  E.  Davenport, 
"        L.  Wiggens, 
"        Israel  Millar, 
"       M.  Stone, 


Exchanged 


Left  in  Richmond 
Sent  to  Alabama 


Exchanged 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

Dead 

Sent  to  Columbia 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Exchanged 


Sent  to  Alabama 


It       «(  « 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


199 


COMPANY    F. 


Private  Dennis  Morrow, 
"        H.  Mindamus, 
T.  O'Sullivan, 
W.  H.  Baldwin, 
W.  F.  Williamson, 
41        Jacob  Dietz, 
"        S.  H.  Richardson, 
R.  Adams, 
H.  Thiery, 


COMPANY   G. 


Corporal  W.  Steward, 
Private  M.  Roser, 

Ed  Deagan, 
"        A.  B.  Smith, 

Thomas  McCluskev, 
T.  Graham, 
S.  Burr, 
J.  Gillin, 
•*        Francis  Lonerr, 


Exchanged 


Dead 

Sent  to  Columbia 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  North  Fairground 

Sent  to  Alabama 
it     it         « 

Exchanged 

Left  in  Richmond 
<i     ft         ti 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
*t     ft  ft 

Dead 


COMPANY    H. 


Second  Lieutenant  J.  H.  Grumman, 
Sergeant  John  McNeil, 
Private  Theodore  Rich, 

Daniel  McCemlev, 

George  Roller, 

W.  A.  Ludden, 
44       Nathaniel  Lvon, 

Clinton  Pettit, 
44        F.  Richmond. 

William  Campbell, 

E.  Rich, 

F.  F.  Linan, 
John  Jellj, 

'*        G.  W.  Bliss, 


Left  in  Richmond 

Exchanged 
ti 

Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  Columbia 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


COMPANY    I. 


Private  G.  W.  Bennett, 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


200 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


NO   COMPANY   GIVEN. 


Corporal  Charles  R.  Brescott, 
Private  J.  A.  Campbell, 
"        John  Bradley, 


Dead 


FIFTEENTH   REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    I. 


Private  John  Steveman, 


Sent  to  Alabama 


Private  J.  Eagan, 


SIXTEENTH  REGIMENT. 


COMPANY   B. 


EIGHTEENTH   REGIMENT. 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sergeant  H.  B.  Stall, 


Private  C.  B.  Potter, 
"        A.  Crossier. 


Private  H.  Howard, 


Private  Henry  Hayden, 
«'        George  House, 


Private  J.  W.  Browning, 


Private  Charles  Shaw, 


Private  II.  McKinley, 


COMPANY  A. 


COMPANY  B. 


COMPANY  C. 


COMPANY  D. 


COMPANY  G. 


COMPANY  H. 


COMPANY  K. 


Exchanged 
Exchanged 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

1 1     « <      « i         <  < 


Exchanged 
Exchanged 
Exchanged 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 
NINTEENTH   REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    I. 


Captain  M.  Webster, 
Private  Samuel  Tobias, 


201 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Dead 


TWENTIETH   REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    D. 


Private  J.  J.  O'Connell, 


Private  Cornelius  O'Neil, 


Private  John  H.  Eise, 


Private  Aug.  Schweizer, 


COMPANY   E. 


COMPANY    G. 


COMPANY    K. 


Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 


TWENTY-FIRST    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   C. 


Private  Fred  Durand, 
Private  John  Moore, 


COMPANY  H. 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Exchanged 


TWENTY-THIRD   REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    I 

Private  P.  H.  Wheeler,  Sent  to  Alabama 

TWENTY-FIFTH   REGIMENT. 
COMPANY   B. 


Lieutenant  William  Fay, 


Sent  to  Charleston 
26 


2O2  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

COMPANY    D. 

Private  A.  B.  Mitchell,  Sent  to  Columbia 

COMPANY    E. 

Sergeant  J.  H.  Jinks,  Exchanged 

COMPANY     G. 

Sergeant  W.  A.  Perry,  Exchanged 

COMPANY    H. 

Private  W.  Hart,  Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

TWENTY-SIXTH    REGIMENT, 

COMPANY    B. 

Private  L.  Briggs,  Left  in  Richmond 

"        C.  Wing,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 
"        Paul  Winslow, 

"        Ephraim  Hanks,  Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

COMPANY    C. 

Corporal  J.  N.  Norton,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Private  A.  Thalm,  Sent  to  Alabama 

"        D.Jones,  Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

COMPANY    H. 

Private  William  Sherry,  Left  in  Richmond 

TWENTY-SEVENTH   REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   A. 

Corporal  W.  D.  Gillie,  Sent  to  Alabama 

Private  Thomas  Smith, 

"        Charles  Demarest,  "     "         " 

"       Chamberlin,  Exchanged 

"        Levi  Barrett,  Sent  to  Columbia 

COMPANY  B. 

Private  J.  M.  Simmonds,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

14        A.  H.  Carnall,  Exchanged 

"       P.  Stern,  " 


ftfC'HMO'ND    PRISONS 


So) 


COMPANY   C. 


Sergeant  E.  M.  Davis. 
Private  G.  W.  Dunn, 

W.  Baines, 
"        G.  Butler, 

C.  F.  Yenny, 
"        W.  Vanalstine, 
"         F.  Fanning, 

J.  Boyden, 
"        G.  M.  Andrews, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


COMPANY    D. 


Corporal  Charles  B.  Fairchild, 
Private  P.  Flarity, 

J.  A.  McCune, 
W.  Trail, 
J.  N.  McAuley, 
"        J.  Hogan, 
"        William  Sampson, 
"        James  Coon, 
C.  W.  Platt. 


Sergeant  W.  H.  Merrill, 
Private  M.  McGettrick, 


Private  R.  H.  Wright, 
J.  H.  Yates, 
Ed  Watrous, 
E.  H.  Warner, 

"        N.  A.  Carson, 
L.  Carley, 
W.  S.  Vanoulken, 

"        Leonard  Carby, 

"        John  Kern, 


Private  Sol.  Wood, 
H.  Hall, 
A.  H.  Hunt, 
"        John  Merritt, 
"        T,  I.  Briggs, 


Exchanged 


Dead 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Exchanged 


COMPANY    E. 


COMPANY    F. 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  North  Fairground 


Sent  to  North  Fairground 
Exchanged 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


COMPANY    G. 


Exchanged 


204 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  William  Milehan, 
"        Edwin  Bond, 
A.  M.  Hunt, 
"       Joseph  A.  Butler, 
G.  W.  Agord, 


Private  William  Alpine, 

H.  P.  Boyd, 
"        Charles  H.  Hunt, 
William  Welsh, 
J.  R.  Stout, 
W.  Briggs, 


Private  G.  Reading, 
C.  W.  Barry, 
F.  D.  Clarke, 
"        J.  Andrews, 
"        Judson  Oliver, 
"        Peter  Thompson, 
John  W.  Bishop, 
J.  Carandle, 
"        J-  H.  Murray, 
"        L.  Powers, 
"        John  Metzker, 
••       J.  T.  Clague, 


COMPANY  H. 


COMPANY  I. 


COMPANY  K. 


Private  C.  E.  Nash, 

G.  L.  Mudge, 
"        V.  Mudge, 
"        O.  T.  Jewett, 
"        H.  Vandresser, 

C.  Tucker, 
"        J.  C.  Fowler, 
"        Charles  A.  Dwinnell, 
"        James  Donohue, 

H.  H.  Hess, 

S.  Wells, 

Charles  W.  Tibbetts, 
"        J.  R.  Johnson, 


Exchanged 

Dead 

Sent  home 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Exchanged 


Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

(C  ((  i  >  t  I 

<  t       t <         i(  i . 

Sent  to  Columbia 

14          I  (  (I 

«  II  t  I 

Dead 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


.  t  It  4  « 


Exchanged 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Dead 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


205 


THIRTIETH   REGIMENT. 


Sergeant  W.  H.  Webster, 


Private  Jeremiah  Reddy, 
R.  Wheeler, 
B.  Eraser, 
"        G.  Hooten, 


Captain  W.  L.  Lanning, 
Private  L.  Hartegan, 


Corporal  Charles  Ferdon, 

W.  B.  White, 
Private  Cole  Taunton, 
"       J.  Stale, 

K.M.Wright, 
"        P.  Cummings, 

G.  A.  Case, 
"  D.  Conner, 
"  D.  Morris, 

A.  Haltigan, 
"        H.  Brown, 


COMPANY  A. 


COMPANY  B. 


COMPANY  C. 


COMPANY  E. 


COMPANY  F. 


Lieutenant  James  M.  Andrews, 
Corporal  Pat  Coony, 
Private  Clarence  Elms, 


COMPANY    O. 


Private  H.  Stafford, 
"        T.  Porter, 
W.  Peck, 
"        W.  Porter, 


Private  L.  Matten, 
"        W.  Merrick, 


COMPANY   H. 


Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 


206  RICHMOND    PRISON^ 

COMPANY   I. 

Corporal  Vandergren,  Left  in  Richmond 

Private  W.  McCormick,  "     " 

"        H.  Smith,  "     " 

"        A.  Simmons,  "     " 

COMPANY   K. 

Private  H.  J.  Stikles,  Left  in  Richmond 

"        N.  Rowland,  "     •' 

T.  Riley,  "     " 
James  Morrison, 

THIRTY-FIRST   REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    B. 

Private  George  S.  Price,  Sent  to  Salisbury 

"        Daniel  Perry,  "     "         " 

COMPANY   C. 

"        Abram  Strauss,  Sent  to  Alabama 

THIRTY-SECOND   REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   A. 

Private  George  E.  Price,  Sent  to  Salisbury 

COMPANY   B. 

Private  Daniel  Perry,  Sent  to  Salisbury 

COMPANY    E. 

Captain  Roswell  A.  Fish,  Sent  to  Charlestown 

THIRTY-FOURTH   REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    D. 

Corporal  C.  H.  Kellogg,  Sent  to  Alabama 

THIRTY-SIXTH    REGIMENT. 
COMPANY   C. 

Private  H.  H.  Richmond,  Sent  to  Alabama 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


207 


COMPANY    G. 


Private  George  Alberts, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Private  D.  Farrell, 


THIRTY-SEVENTH   REGIMENT. 

COMPANY  A. 
COMPANY  G. 


Private  T.  Murphy, 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Exchanged 


THIRTY-EIGHTH    REGIMENT. 


Major  J.  W.  Potter,  [hostage] 
Assistant  Surgeon  S.  Griswold, 
Quartermaster  C.  J.  Murphy, 
Hospital  Steward  W.  H.  Millette, 

P.  McGinn, 
Nurse  Fred  Hoefer, 


Captain  Hugh  McQuade, 
Lieutenant  J.  C.  Murphy, 
Private  C.  Hydickel, 


Private  G.  Robertson, 

W.  B.  Robertson, 
"       F.  Kelley, 
"       E.  H.  Kellogg, 
"      James  H.  Hart, 
"       Michael  McGrane, 
"       L.  Leonard, 
"       L.  H.  Williams, 
"       W.  Wier, 


COMPANY  A. 


COMPANY  B. 


COMPANY  C. 


Private  Albert  Scharff, 
"      A.  Ahor, 
"      T.  Schnimelpfenning, 
"      Joseph  Maier, 


Sent  to  Charleston 

«     «  1 1 

Escaped 
Exchanged 


Died 

Escaped 

Exchanged 


Exchanged 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
"     "          Alabama 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

<<     a  n 

"     "      Tuscaloosa 


208 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  Patt  McGinn, 
"      Fred  Hoefer, 
"      John  Hird, 
"       Augustus  Cans, 
"       A.  Kellen, 
"      A.  Kleila, 


Private  T.  C.  Gould, 
"      M.  Donahue, 
"      T.  Kelsey, 
"       Charles  Fairfield, 
"      John  Tyler, 


Private  Charles  Rudiger, 
"       Samuel  Hart, 
"       Anthony  Wilder, 
"       E.  L.  March, 
"      John  O'Brien, 


Private  William  Foulding. 
"       William  Dowling, 
Private  H.  Hilliard, 

T.  B.  Sheppard, 


COMPANY    D. 


COMPANY    E. 


COMPANY   F. 


COMPANY    G. 


Lieutenant  Thomas  Hamblin, 
Private  B.  Taylor, 

"       Edward  Sweeney, 

"       Henry  Hege, 

"       Thomas  Murphy, 

"       F.  Cosserly, 


Private  L.  Willis, 

"       H.  F.  Dunnigan, 
«       W.  Ross, 


Priyate  B.  Sweezy, 
"       E.  C.  Smith, 


COMPANY   H. 


COMPANY 


Exchanged 


Sent  home 


Left  in  Richmond 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Exchanged 


Left  in  Richmond 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

"     "      Alabama 

Exchanged 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  Charleston 

"  home 

Exchanged 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Exchanged 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  Thomas  Kerr, 
"      J.  Jackson, 
"       S.  Keer, 
"       Ed.  Close, 

T.  V.  Hamilton, 
"       Ed.  Chevalier, 

W.  E.  Straight, 
"       William  Phelan, 
"      John  Gumbalton, 
"       O.  B.  Hirley, 
"       W.  H.  Breese, 
"       Samuel  Vander, 


Private  P.  Waters, 
"        W.  Summer, 

William  Hooper, 

H.  Van  Emer, 
"        H.  Vanernum, 

J.  A.  Coburn, 

W.  Todd, 
"      J.  McCormick, 


COMPANY   K. 


FORTIETH   REGIMENT. 


COMPANY   K. 


Private  James  Lyon, 


209 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

it  «  C( 

"     "       Tuscaloosa 

nit  <( 

"     *'  Alabama 

11     it  it 

"     "         Columbia 

Exchanged 
«( 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Left  in  Richmond 

Exchanged 
fi 
« 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Left  in  Richmond 


FORTY-FIRST    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    E, 


Private  Lewis  Smith, 
"       J.  Werkmeister, 

FORTY-SECOND    REGIMENT. 
Colonel  Milton  Coggswell,  (hostage) 

COMPANY   A. 

First  Lieutenant  Samuel  Giberson, 
Corporal  George  Wiser, 


Sent  to  Alabama 


County  Jail 

Left  in  Richmond 
27 


210 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Corporal  Frank  Hughes, 
Private  George  Sykes, 
"        Thomas  Dougan, 
J.  McCarty, 
Ed.  Cleary, 
"        Thomas  James, 
S.  Dilman, 
Ed.  Flood, 
"        John  Wilson, 


Left  in  Richmond 


COMPANY   C. 


First  Lieutenant  Charles  McPherson, 
Private  A.  Waltz, 
"        C.  Wighard, 
"        Michael  Eagan, 
"        D.  Danlin, 
"        A.  Croser, 
"        John  Moriarity, 

W.  B.  May, 
"       James  More, 
"        R.  McMoneagle, 
"        J.  McLaughlin, 
"        T.  Donnigan, 
"        J.  H.  Dougherty, 
"        Charles  Smythe, 
"        Fred  Schueltz, 
"        Michael  Donovan, 

W.  Strupp, 
"        D.  D.  Aulin, 
"        J.  C.  Calhoun, 
"        G.  C.  Snyder, 

Pat  Cahill, 
"       J.  H.  Simmons, 
"        John  Craig, 

W.  Church, 

A.  Crossier, 

W.  J.  Scott, 
"        Daniel  Barrett, 

C.  Baker, 
"        John  Nichols, 

L.  Peters, 
"        W.  Jamison, 

II.  Pardie, 


Left  in  Richmond 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  21  1 

Private  George  Hyde,  Left  in  Richmond 

J.  Hacker,  "     " 

"        M.  Hawkins, 

C.  Hicks, 

"        John  McKenney,  "     " 

John  Gerrold,  "     " 

"        John  Greeble, 

"        J.  Gray,  (alias  Carl  Bower)  "     "  " 

Carl  Bowers, 
H._Gilchrist,  "     " 

F.  Campbell,  Exchanged 
"        J.  Sullivan, 

"        Thomas  Someryille, 

"        D.  Thompson,  Sent  to  Salisbury 

P.  Riley,  "     " 

"        Edward  Lindsay,  Released 

COMPANY   E. 

Captain  Timothy  O'Meara,  Sent  to  Alabama 

Lieutenant  Henry  Van  Voast,  Left  in  Richmond 

Sergeant  Thomas  Dobbins, 

P.  Lynch, 

J.  McConville, 
Corporal  E.  McNilly, 
Private  J.  Gerrin, 

D.  O'Neil,  "     " 
"        M.  McDonogh, 

J.  C.  Joyce, 

Owen  McCabe,  "     " 

G.  Quinn,  "     " 
C,  McConville, 

"        Francis  Grilly,  "     "  " 

"        L.  Souvey, 

Edward  Taaffer, 

William  Dunham, 
"        T.  Murphy, 
"        O.  McLaughlin, 
"        W.  Mahoney, 

P.  McMara, 
"        M.  Cunningham, 

M.  Collins, 

F.  Kiernan, 

F.  Kean, 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  Thomas  Wright, 


Private  Pat  Flattery, 
R.  C.  Adams, 
"        August  Bauer, 
"        M.  Linch, 

W.  Songster, 
"        Patrick  Moore, 
"        J.  S.  Monahan, 
"        Michael  Quinn, 
"        Michael  Quinn, 

J.Byron, 
"         S.  Smith, 
J.  G.  Smith, 
Thomas  McBoj, 
"        M.  Doran, 
B.  J.  Dolan, 


COMPANY  G. 


COMPANY  H. 


COMPANY  K. 


Lieutenant  George  H.  Wallace, 
Sergeant  J.  J.  Monegan, 
Corporal  W.  Bryne, 
Private  D.  Mahoney, 
"        James  McCabe, 
W.  Early, 
Peter  West, 
W.  J.  Welsh, 
B.  Pegank, 
W.  Wallace, 
"        Augustus  Bauer, 
"        J.  Byron, 
M.  Cleary, 
T.  Corney, 
D.  Gallagher, 
"        P.  McManus, 

T.  Murray, 
"        J.  McGever, 
"         J.  S.  Monehan, 
•'       J.  Neagle, 


Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  R.  Haney, 
"        D.  Sullivan, 
W.  Hartung, 
A.  Heidenof, 
"         A.  Schlissinger, 
"        E.  Sullivan, 
"        M.  Branon, 
"        M.  Brannon, 


213 

Left  in  Richmond 


It  It 


Exchanged 
Dead 


FORTY-THIRD    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    I. 


Corporal 


Townsend, 


Private  F.  Kean, 


FORTY-FOURTH   REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   E. 
COMPANY    N. 


Private  W.  Kilpatrick, 
"        G.  Kollnirid, 
"        Joseph  R.  Koch, 
"       J.  Kohlhund, 
H.  Kramer, 

COMPANY    P. 

Private  H.  Kinlock,  (istRegt. ) 

FORTY-FIFTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   A. 

Sergeant  Otto  Genson, 
Corporal  Louis  Ehrharpt, 
Private  Joseph  Kiersky, 
"        Charles  Bierangle, 
Reynolds  Bedeley, 
"        Martin  Buck, 
Jacob  Clay, 


Sent  to  Alabama 


Left  in  Richmond 
Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Salisbury 


2 14  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

Private  Henry  Kaiser,  Sent  to  Salisbury 

"        Otto  Karston,  "     "         " 

"         Henry  Schwarer, 
"        Michael  Semmelberger, 

Gutleff  Vater,  "     "         "     . 

COMPANY    H. 

Second  Lieutenant  Baron  Von  Flaxenhousen,  Deserted 


FORTY-SEVENTH   REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    K. 

Private  B.  Mclntire,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

FORTY-NINTH    REGIMENT. 
COMPANY   F. 

Private  Isaac  Marston,  Left  in  Richmond 

SIXTY-NINTH   REGIMENT. 

Colonel  Michael  Corcoran,  (  hostage  )                       Sent  to  Charleston 

Color  Sergeant  J.  Murphy,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Engineer  J.  Murphy,  "     "      " 

"            P.  R.  Dunn,  Exchanged 

COMPANY    A. 

Private  Thomas  Brown,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

"        B.  Reynolds, 
"        J.  Gaffney, 
A.  Duffee, 
"        Thomas  Montgomery, 

COMPANY   B. 

Corporal  William  Fancett,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Private  McGuiness,  Sent  to  Alabama 

A.  Kerr, 
D.  Shorton, 

"        A.  F.  Casmody,  (nurse)  Sent  to  Charleston 

"        W.  Joyce,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


215 


Private  G.  Nugent, 
"        William  Moore, 

J.  McNiel, 
"        Peter  Murphy, 
McTague, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

«  t i  It  4  i 


COMPANY   C. 


Private  Tim  Carr, 
W.  Nuttey, 
J.  McCarick, 
A.  T.  Lenner, 
Patrick  Blake, 
"        W.  H.  Cunningham, 
"        John  Maloney, 


COMPANY    D. 


M.  Coleman, 
Thomas  A.  Theban, 
Edward  Shaughnessy, 
Patrick  Brennan, 
John  D.  Jackson, 
J.  Costigan, 
G.  M.  McKeon, 


COMPANY   E. 


First  Lieutenant  John  Bagley, 

Private  B.  Quinn, 

"        Michael  Keating, 
"       James  Ryan, 
"        George  A.  Bolton, 
"        Thomas  Marten, 
"        John  Mulroney, 
"        Jeremiah  Peters, 
"        John  Fitzgerald, 
R.  H.  Fitchet, 


COMPANY    F. 


Private  J.  Kane, 

"        O.  Donohue, 
Ed.  Dalton, 
M.  G.  Welsh, 
D.  O'Nally, 


Exchanged 


Exchanged 


Sent  to  Charleston 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Columbia 

Sent  home 


Sent  to  Alabama 

«     a         it 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  Columbia 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  Columbia 

tt     tt         « 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

1C          I <  it 

tt       it  t  < 

Exchanged 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Sent  to  Alabama 

ti     «         a 

Exchanged 


216 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


COMPANY     G. 


Second  Lieutenant  James  Gannon, 
Corporal  Michael  Brennan 

"  George  Donalson, 

Private  F.  Dunbar, 

"        S.  Connor, 

"        John  Donnelj, 
Patrick  McGill, 
Richard  Wallace, 

"        Thomas  McNichol, 

"        Thomas  O'Brian, 


Captain  J.  Mclver, 
Private  J.  Mosbuger, 
E.  McGrath, 
A.  T.  Launa, 
"        E.  Lyon, 
"        Thomas  Herbert, 
J.  McGrath, 


Private  George  Disney, 
"        A.  Duffer, 

C.  King, 
"        J.  Sullivan, 
"        John  Carson, 
"        R.  Dunn, 
"        J.  H.  Brown, 


COMPANY    H. 


COMPANY    I. 


COMPANY    K. 


Second  Lieutenant  E.  Conoly, 

Private  J.  Kane, 

"        D.  M.  Cassidy, 
"        Thomas  Hughes, 
W.  R.  Lone, 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  Alabama 

<  <     a         n 

Sent  to  Charleston 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Charleston 

tin  ,t 

Exchanged 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  Columbia 
Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  Charleston 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

(C  «  «  « 

Sent  to  Charleston 


SEVENTY-FIRST   REGIMENT. 


COMPANY  A. 


Sergeant  T.  G.  Wellman, 
Private  Alfred  A.  Hyde, 


Sent  home 
Exchanged 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  Ed  Coles. 

"         Charles  Witpen. 


COMPANY    B. 


Lieutenant  F.  E.  Worcester, 


Private  D.  B.  Tompkins, 
C.  A.  Paine, 


Private  Bushrod  Vaughn, 


Corporal  J.  P.  Imly, 
Private  C.  K.  Pain, 

J.  W.  Dickins, 
W.  Hanlon, 


Private  W.  P.  Demerast, 
,,        Gorham  Noble, 

D.  W.  Whitacker, 
"        J.  J.  Lucas, 
'«        A.  Garrick, 
J.  W.  Stemler, 
J.  H.  Sands, 
J.  W.  Bowers, 


COMPANY  C. 


COMPANY  D. 


COMPANY  E. 


COMPANY  F. 


COMPANY  G. 


Lieutenant  W.  H,  Raymore, 
Private  Thomas  Daisey, 

E.  Thompkins, 

E.  Layon, 


COMPANY    H. 


Sergeant  H.  Rockafellar, 
Private  George  Green, 
Private  John  Carson, 


2I7 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Charleston 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  Alabama 


Exchanged 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  home 


Sent  home 
Exchanged 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  Columbia 


Escaped 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  Charleston 


Sent  home 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  Columbia 


218 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


COMPANY    K. 


Private  W.  R.  Lane, 
"        D.  M.  Cassidy, 
"        Thomas  Hughes, 
"       J.  Kane, 


Sent  to  Charleston 

a     «          «< 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Sent  to  Alabama 


ENGINEER   CORPS. 


Private  C.  Cotter, 
"        P.  Logne, 
"        Thomas,  McGuire, 
"        Benjamin  J.  Bates, 
"        P.  R.  Dunn, 
Ed.  Sweeney, 
J,  Gayner, 
"       John  Hussey, 


Private  James  Reed, 

A.  H.  Webster, 


Private  W.  Mitchell, 

"        Stephen  Crymble, 
John  Quiggs, 


Private  J.  Hyland, 

"        H.  F.  Armstrong, 
"        J.  McLeary, 


COMPANY  E. 


COMPANY  F. 


COMPANY  G. 


COMPANY  H. 


First  Lieutenant  Robert  Campbell, 
Private  Robert  Perry, 
"        Samuel  Patterson, 
William  Black, 


COMPANY 


Captain  -  Schollinlaw, 

H.  McQuide, 
Private  Robert  Davidson, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

«     <  i      n         « 

Dead 

Exchanged 
« 

Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Exchanged 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  Charleston 
Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Charleston 
Sent  to  Alabama 
«     «         <( 

Sent  to  Columbia 


Exchanged 
Dead 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


219 


COMPANY   K. 


Private  Robert  Burnes, 
"        James  Laughland, 


*  FIRST    COMPANY. 


Corporal  J.  G.  Kennedy, 

E.  Wetherell, 
Private  Robert  Homer, 
E.  A.  Bishop, 
J.  Scott, 
R.  McKine, 
J.  Muir, 
D.  Russell, 
T.  Thomas, 
"        Richard  Brody, 

W.  W.  Gage, 
"        William  McLauren, 


Sent  to  Columbia 
Exchanged 


Sent  to  Charleston 
Dead 

Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  Charleston 


Exchanged 


SECOND    COMPANY. 


Sergeant  James  Reed, 

"         Thomas  Denham, 
Private  Robert  Stewart, 
"        James  Haig, 

Charles  McDonald, 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  Charleston 

<  i     n  n 

Dead 


THIRD    COMPANY. 


Private  S.  Scotts, 

Charles  S.  Burns, 
"        Daniel  Ware, 

John  Wait, 
"        Thomas  Daisey, 
"        E.  Thompkins, 


Sent  to  Charleston 
Sent  home 
Exchanged 


Sent  to  Alabama 


Private  George  Green, 
G.  W.  Smith, 
H.  Rockfellor, 


COMPANY'   H. 


Sent  to  Alabama 

«  1C  <( 

Sent  home 


*The  following  three  Companies  appear  in  the  official  record  kept  by  the  Confed 
erate  Government  at  the  Prison  and  designated  by  Company  number  and  not  by 
letter. 


220 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


COMPANY    I 


Private  M.  R.  Mould, 
W.  M.  Smith, 


Sent  home 
Dead 


SEVENTY-NINTH     REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    A. 


Captain  William  Manson, 
Private  T.  H.  Lowe, 
"        John  Brady, 


COMPANY  B. 


Captain  J.  A.  Farrush, 
First  Lieutenant  John  Whyte, 
Second  Lieutenant  J.  Whipple, 
Private  James  Carlisle, 


COMPANY  c. 


Sergeant  W.  Fancille, 

"         John  Padbury, 
Private  D.  A.  Thompson, 


COMPANY    D. 


First  Lieutenant  Walter  Ives, 
Private  A.  McArthur, 
M.  Brink, 


*  FOURTH    COMPANY. 


Orderly  Sergeant  A.  Cradick, 
Private  R.  Everett, 
"         Robert  Jacobs, 


FIFTH    COMPANY 


Corporal 


McCartney, 


Private  John  Emis, 
'•        T.  Roy  lance, 
"        J.  Hoy  ley, 

A.  W.  Davis, 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  Charleston 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  Charleston 

Dead 


Escaped 
Exchanged 


Paroled 

Sent  to  Charleston 
Exchanged 


Sent  to  Charleston 

«     «  < « 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Sent  to  Charleston 


*The  following  eight  Companies  appear  in  the  official  record  kept  by  the  Confed 
erate  Government  at  the  Prison  and  designated  by  Company  number  and  not  by 
latter. 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


221 


Private  Thomas  Holmes, 
11        W.  Vanhousen, 


Sergeant  W.  Faucett, 
Private  A.  McGregor, 


SIXTH    COMPANY. 


SEVENTH     COMPANY 


Private  R.  Southerland, 
"        John  Reynolds, 
"        J.  Grunmage, 
R.  Wherry, 
Charles  L.  Ware, 
"        Andrew  Tweedy, 
J.  Guildersleeve, 


EIGHTH   COMPANY. 


Private  William  Gray, 
D.  McQuatt, 
R.  Pollock, 
D.  H.  Tryan, 
"        W.  Stevenson, 
William  Black, 
W.  Hodge, 


NINTH    COMPANY. 


Corporal  George  Beal, 

"         Thomas  McDonald, 
Private  Joseph  Banker, 
"        Thomas  Sullivan, 
Thomas  Walker, 
John  Quigg, 
"        Andrew  Tweedie, 

Walter  Dale, 
"        Jeremiah  Collins, 
Charles  M.  Neal, 
"        A.  J.  Carrigan, 


TENTH   COMPANY. 


Corporal  N.  C.  Buck, 

Private  J.  Graham, 

"        John  Beaumont, 

"        Thomas  McCormick, 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Exchanged 


Escaped 
Sent  to  Charleston 


Sent  to  Charleston 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  home 


Sent  to  Charleston 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  Columbia 
Left  in  Richmond 


Exchanged 

« 

Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  Charleston 


Dead 
Sent  to  Charleston 


222  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

Private  George  Morse,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

"        John  Johnson,  Exchanged 

"       James  Colegan, 

ELEVENTH    COMPANY. 

Corporal  James  McAvoy,  Dead 

DE    KALB    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    C. 

Private  Charles  Miller,  Sent  to  North  Fairground 

E.  Meddo,  Sent  to  Alabama 

"        R.  Marseck,  Exchanged 

COMPANY    K. 

Corporal  Tillman,  Left  in  Richmond 

Private  Henry  Deihl,  "     " 

FIRST   ARTILLERY. 
Sergeant  J.  H.  H.  Willis,  Exchanged 

LINCOLN    CAVALRY. 

COMPANY   B. 

Private  Lewis  Miller,  Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


SICKLES'  BRIGADE. 

FIRST   REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    B. 

Lieutenant  Charles  Van  Gilsa,  Discharged 

WEST   POINT   BATTERY. 
Private  J.  A.  Howard,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  223 

NINTH    ZOUAVES. 

Sergeant  Major,  Sent  to  Alabama 

UNION   GUARD. 

John  Hart,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

CITIZENS. 

Hon.  Alfred  Ely,  Member  of  Congress,  from  Rochester,      Exchanged 

C.  Huson,  Jr.,          from  Rochester,  Died 

P.  Egenolf,                                 "  Exchanged 

Stephen  Hagadon,      "  Sent  home 

Carl  Newman,  Left  in  Richmond 


NEW  JERSEY. 

FIRST   REGIMENT. 
1 

COMPANY   A. 

Private  James  Donnelly,  Exchanged 

COMPANY    H. 

Corporal  H.  O.  Bixby.  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Private  D.  Rodgers,  Sent  to  Alabama 

THIRD    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    A. 

Private  J.  W.  Encritt,  Sent  to  Salisbury 

COMPANY    K. 

Private  William  Clark,  County  Jail 


224  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

FIRST    REGIMENT     CAVALRY. 
Private  A.  Chapman,  Left  in  Richmond 

THIRD    REGIMENT    CAVALRY. 

COMPANY    F. 

Sergeant  H.  Walker,  Left  in  Richmond 

Corporal  Isaac  Burns,  " 

Private  Robert  Wright, 

Philip  Baugh, 
"        John  Phillipps, 

James  A.  Parcells, 
"        Samuel  Sheppard, 
"        Andrew  McFarland, 
"        James  McLandon, 

COMPANY    M. 

Sergeant  J.  B.  Bryson,  Left  in  Richmond 

"        J.  M.  Willis, 
Corporal  James  Wing, 
Private  Frank  Carr,    . 

"        Patrick  Sheehan, 

"        Charles  Piper, 

"        William  McDonald,  Exchanged 

"        Hugh  Moore, 


SECOND    REGIMENT   INFANTRY. 

COMPANY    F. 

Lieutenant  D.  S.  Gordon,  Sent  to  Charleston 

THIRD    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   C. 

Private  J.  D.  Williams.  Sent  to  New  Orleans 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


COMPANY    F. 


Private  James  Invin, 
"  Joshua  Rue, 
"  Morris  Humphreys, 


Left  in  Richmond 


Private  J.  Burritt, 


SIXTH    REGIMENT. 
COMPANY   K. 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


TENTH    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    B. 


Captain  James  A.  Scott, 


Sent  to  Salisbury 


FIFTEENTH    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    I. 

Second  Lieutenant  J.  B.  Hutchinson, 
Sergeant  A.  P.  Rank, 

"         H.  Edmonston, 
Corporal  C.  Hess, 
A.  Ford, 
W.  P.  Palmer, 
Private  A.  Bedlyon, 
W.  Carver, 
Fred  Clink, 
"        M.  Conohan, 

J.  Dupes, 
"        Samuel  Day, 
J.  Dietrick, 
C.  Ernest, 
A.  H.  Edwards, 
"        P.  Farmer, 
"        J.  Glennan, 
"        J.  Haskins, 

S.  H.  Hoffman, 
"        Nathaniel  Hyte, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Left  in  Richmond 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 


29 


226 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  J.  Jenkins, 

Joseph  Kelley, 
T.  E.  Morgan, 

"         E.  Morgan, 
W.  Roush, 
G.  W.  Reynolds, 
D.  C.  Siebart, 
II.  P.  Sankey, 

"        A.  Saylor, 

"        Joseph  Thomas, 
G.  W.  Threlkeld, 
S.  M.  Tice, 
G.  W.  West, 
J.  Williams, 
J.  Woolay, 
J.  Wilson, 
G.  W.  Walter, 
J.  O.  Burnes, 
D.  Baird, 
W.  J.  Barger, 

"         L.  Morris, 

J.  W.  Marks, 

"        William  Yeager, 
T-  A.  Zettle, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Left  in  Richmond 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

Dead 


SIXTEENTH    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    B. 


Corporal  Thomas  Flemming, 
Private  J.  Ashelman, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


TWENTY-EIGHTH    REGIMENT. 


Corporal  Bcniah  Pratt, 


Private  J.  K.  Pryor, 


COMPANY    A. 


COMPANY    N. 


Sent  to  Alabama 


Left  in  Richmond 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 

SIXTY-THIRD   REGIMENT. 


Private  August  Williams, 
"         Henry  Van  Post, 


EIGHTH    REGIMENT. 


Wagon  Master  N.  F.  Palmer, 
Steward  J.  Tripp, 


227 


Left  in  Richmond 
Sent  to  Salisbury 


Exchanged 


CITIZEN. 
G.  W.  Walker,  Left  in  Richmond 

FORTY-SECOND    REGIMENT. 
Private  William  Ernst,  Dead 

COMPANY   E. 


Private  Louis  Margruff, 


Left  in  Richmond 


KENTUCKY. 


FIRST   REGIMENT. 


Private  Charles  W.  Rief, 
W.  Staltenkamp, 


COMPANY   B. 


COMPANY   C. 


Captain  Ralph  Hunt, 
Corporal  Samuel  C.  Duff, 
Private  F.  Hause, 

COMPANY  D. 
Second  Lieutenant  James  Farran, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Paroled 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  to  Alabama 


22$  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

Sergeant  Robert  Healey,  Sent  to  Alabama 

Corporal  D.  S.  Dick, 

Private  John  Shoking,  "     "         " 

"        J.  Shatzman,  "     "         " 

G.  Calvert, 

"        Michael  Fitzgerald, 
"        J.  H.  Gray, 
D.  Griffith, 

F.  Hillman, 
Charles  Hunt, 

"        Charles  Kestenhole,          t 
T.  O'Brien, 
S.  Mclllroy, 

G.  W.  Lloyd, 
"        Jacob  Little, 

M.  McDonald, 

M.  Mulley, 

"        William  Perkins, 
"        M.  Yeager, 

D.  Young,  "     " 

"       J.  Heinbach,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

COMPANY  F. 
Private  James  Beckelman,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

COMPANY     I. 

Captain  Thomas  Cox,  Jr.,  Sent  to  Alabama 

Corporal  Edward  Heins,  "     " 

"         M.  Milligan, 

Christopher  Tuttle, 
Private  Martin  Good, 
"        Jerry  Kinsley, 
"        F.  Rosenmeyer, 
Alonzo  Railing, 
Charles  Ropp, 
W.  H  Conklin, 
John  Bloch, 
J.  F.  Young, 
Thomas  Van  Fleet,  Sent  to  Columbia 


RICHMOND  PRISONS 

COMPANY   K. 


Private  Charles  Leipraht, 
"  George  Kraduck, 
"  George  Chickenburg, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
«     <  <      «         <t 

Sent  to  Salisbury 


SECOND    REGIMENT. 


Colonel  William  E.  Woodruff, 
Lieutenant  Colonel  George  W.  Neff, 


Captain  George  Austin, 


Captain  J.  R.  Hurd, 
Private  James  Farlav, 


COMPANY    B. 


COMPANY    F. 


Sent  to  Charleston 


Sent  to  Charleston 


Escaped 
Sent  to  Columbia 


ELEVENTH    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY   F. 


Private  James  Rodgers, 


Sent  to  Alabama 


THIRTY-EIGHTH   REGIMENT. 


COMPANY  B. 


Private  G.  Robertson, 


Sent  to  Alabama 


CAVALRY. 


COMPANY  C. 


Corporal  W.  Humphreys, 
Private  Leston  Worthington, 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Sent  to  Alabama 


CITIZENS. 


John  Dills, 


Released 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


William  Ferguson, 
Clinton  Van  Bushkirk, 


Released 


VIRGINIA. 

FIRST   REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   F. 

First  Lieutenant  C.  A.  Freeman, 

COMPANY     G. 

Second  Lieutenant  C.  B.  Hall, 


Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 


SECOND   REGIMENT. 


COMPANY   B. 


Private  Frederick  Dop, 


Left  in  Richmond 


Private  H.  Geyer, 


THIRD   REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    E. 


EIGHTH    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    D. 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Private  Jehu  Dickens, 


Left  in  Richmond 


NINTH    REGIMENT. 


Sergeant-Major  Thomas  Ross, 
Quartermaster- Sergeant  D.  W.  Johnson, 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  Salisbury 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


231 


COMPANY   A. 

First  Lieutenant  J.  E.  Wood, 
Orderly  Sergeant  G.  W.  Johnson, 
Sergeant  I.  Morris, 
Corporal  J.  C.  Darling, 
Private  W.  S  hoi  mate, 

G.  W.  Tale, 

J.  W.  Teen, 
"        Andrew  Vettilo, 

Daniel  Ward, 
"        Solomon  Wilson, 
"        James  Wright, 
"         Henry  Eachus, 
"        J.  Eggers, 
"        Samuel  Fellinger, 

J.  N.  Lane, 

Samuel  Pettit, 

R.  E.  Neal, 

J.  Fityer, 

"        William  L.  Gibson,  (drummer) 
"        J.  A.  Huggins, 

John  H.  Holland, 
"  Reuben  Higgins, 
"  George  W.  Johnson, 

T.  J.  Jenkins, 

G.  P.  Massy, 

E.  W.  Markin, 
"        London  Massie, 
*'        Henry  McVickars, 

W.  A.  Powell, 

Geo.  Null, 
"        Lewis  Porter, 

Charles  Peyton, 
"        R.  Peterman, 
"        Levi  Paylorn, 
"        William  Allen, 

J.  Black,  (cook) 
"        Berry  Bias, 
"        Henry  Crawford, 
"        Samuel  Clarke, 

Hiram  Waugh, 
"        Lafayette  Swanegan, 


Sent  to  Salisbury 

1 1     a         a 

Left  in  Richmond 
Sent  to  Salisbury 


Sent  to  Alabama 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  Benj.  Shoewaite, 
"        Thomas  Scites, 
"        John  Trentel, 

John  H.  Windle, 
"        Daniel  Woolmer, 
"        James  D.  Dunkel, 
4t        David  Earles, 
A.  Fuller, 
W.  R.  McClure, 
"        Uriah  Payne, 
R.  C.  Felix, 
G.  H.  Burnes, 
"        Wesley  Howard, 

S.  C.  Hiltburn, 
"       James  Hall, 
"        John  Caughman, 


Private  H.  B.  Paine, 
E.  T.  Ray, 

11        T.  Ray, 

"        Lewis  Plyborn, 
W.  W.  Paine, 

"        Henry  Stevens, 
H.  B.  Carter, 


Private  Thomas  C.  Carr, 


COMPANY   B. 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Released 

<( 
Left  in  Richmond 


COMPANY    E. 


Exchanged 
« 

Sent  to  Charleston 
Dead 

Released 
ti 

Sent  to  Salisbury 


Sent  to  Charleston 
Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Columbia 


TWENTY-SEVENTH   REGIMENT. 
Private  J.  Clifford,  Sent  to  Alabama 

THIRTY-THIRD    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    F. 


Private  Evan  Wilhite, 


Deserted 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


FIRST     CAVALRY. 


Private  Samuel  Wade, 
"        James  F.  Adams, 

William  Bias, 

R.  Bias, 

J.  W.  Teet, 
"        A.  Newman, 
"        Benjamin  E.  Johnson, 

C.  Yates, 


Sent  to  Salisbury 


Sent  to  Alabama 

Left  in  Richmond 

Dead 


MOREHEAD    CAVALRY. 


Private  John  Campbell, 
"        Louis  H.  Cochran, 


NEGRO     WOMAN. 


Betsy, 


Left  in  Richmond 


County  Jail 


CITIZENS   OF   VIRGINIA. 

THE  FOLLOWING  NAMED,  CITIZENS  OF  VIRGINIA,  WERE  CONFINED  IN  THE 

PRISON;   SOME  FOR  BEING  LOYAL  TO  THE  UNION,  SOME 

FOR  DESERTING  THE  CONFEDERATE  SERVICE, 

AND  OTHERS  FOR  PETTY  CRIMES. 


The  following  were  released  :  Henry  Wooral,  Alexander  Williams, 
William  H.  Williams,  Robert  White,  William  Wills,  Isaac  Williams, 
A.  G.  White,  Samuel  Short,  William  Stiles,  Joel  Stiles,  S.  Ramsey, 
W.  B.  Wood,  D.  W.  Watrous,  Arthur  Wilson,  S.  J.  Willey,  Michael 
Beckman. 

F.  B.  Wood,  Discharged. 

The  following  were  sent  home :  J.  J.  Willis,  J.  H.  Rouse,  Charles 
Runnels,  H.  D.  McCabe,  G.  W.  Lathams,  J.  H.  Dane,  G.  Dane,  Robert 
Allen,  E.  Cornoval. 


F.  Smythe, 
M.  Rogers, 
Vincent  Palen, 
W.  Smith, 
J.  A.  Eyster, 


Sent  to  County  Jail 
«     «        «          ,, 

Sent  to  Charleston 
30 


234 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


William  Davis, 
R.  Buchanan, 
W.  J.  Working, 
Isaac  Bays, 
D.  P.  Lawrence, 
James  Jones, 
—  Walkup. 
William  Workman. 
Harrison  Wall. 
M.  P.  Wvatt. 


S.  Armstrong, 
Thomas  Armstrong, 


N.  K.  Stevenson, 
J.  Massy, 
Francis  Stover, 
S.  Anson  Stover, 
Richard  Stone, 
John  Dills, 
Peter  Miller. 
J.  J.  Moulds. 
John  Dickinson. 
William  Dickinson. 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Dead 


FROM  FAYETTE  COUNTY 


FROM  ROLL A  COUNTY 


Released 
Dead 


Released 
(i 

Sent  home 


FROM    WAYNE    COUNTY. 


The  following  were  released  :  W.  Roby,  B.  Roby,  Polycapus  Sites, 
Josiah  Sites,  Addison  Neff,  William  Nelson,  Samuel  Clothier,  R.  L. 
Miller,  E.  R.  Jones,  W.  Jones,  William  Douthil,  B.  Cabbage,  Calvin 
Evarhast,  William  Fox,  R.  Flanegan,  M.  Garges,  R.  M.  Garges,  A.  B. 
Gish,  Thomas  Brown,  D.  Bishop,  W.  Buchanan,  W.  J.  Brotherton, 
Benjamin  Beetman,  Adam  Beetman,  John  Beetman,  William  Beetman, 
S.  N.  Gosnell,  George  Hunt,  G.  Hall,  Henry  I  hill,  F.  Ilinkle,  Jerry 
Coombs,  G.  Clay,  Charles  Clay,  R.  Clay,  George  Cantley,  M. 
Thompson,  G.  M.  Veach,  William  Wesson. 

C.  Rodman,  Exchanged. 

The  following  are  dead :  Joel  Sites,  Nathaniel  Milstra,  J.  B.  New- 
comb,  II.  C.  Lewis,  John  Cox,  Merrill  Coughman,  Irvin  Gerrald, 
Jackson  Gerrald,  John  Brown,  Lewis  Coombs,  George  Farland,  II. 
Tennison, 


RICHMOND  PRISONS  -23 5 

The  following  were  sent  home:  Felix  Magruder,  Miles  O'Brien, 
John  O'Brien,  Philip  II.  O'Dell,  Cain  Moral,  John  Moral,  James 
Kincade,  Jasper  Kirtz,  Melville  Kirtz,  M.  L.  Kendrick,  George  Fox, 
Noah  Getz,  Charles  Higginbotham,  J.  Holt,  George  Pack,  Thomas  F. 
Porter,  Joseph  Plaskett. 

Charles  Moody,  Sent  to  Count}-  Jail 

John  Fletcher,  "     "         "          " 

George  Cross,  "     " 

James  Hays,  "     "         "          " 

T.  J.  Hayliss,  Discharged 

Elias  Beach,  " 

W.  H.  Hamet,   (mute) 

Kennedy  Cassidy,  Left  in  Richmond 

O.  Fellows,  "     " 

J.  S.  Atlee,  Paroled 

G.  Pollock,  Sent  to  Salisbury 

Isaac  Sias,  William  Randall,  D.  Shears,  J.  C.  Slater,  J.  M.  Smith, 
William  Smith,  A.  C.  Stenson,  P.  Stiles,  Daniel  Scully,  James  Morris, 
Isaac  Moulds,  Jasper  Milum,  Thomas  McSough,  Frank  Morey, 
Thomas  Marston,  Thompson  Moulding,  Daniel  O'Brien,  Silas  Oures, 
J.  N.  Overman,  William  McKinney,  M.  Mace,  J.  McDonald,  J.  L. 
Grubb,  E.  McLaughlin,  D.  McCarthy,  Samuel  McNealy,  Armstead 
McGaher,  W.  Mangold,  Thomas  Kite,  J.  Keslinger,  John  Kempsey, 

M.  King,  Lloyd  Kidwell, Kaantz,  O.   Harrison,  W.   Hinchman, 

J.  Kurtz,  L.  B.  Kurtz,  J.  H.  Duke,  Joseph  F.  Griffin,  George  W.  Butt, 
George  W.  Cook,  W.  Connell,  J.  R.  Council,  L.  Conrad,  John  Edgar, 
William  Conwell,  J.  M.  Carron,  Floyd  Cook,  Stephen  Eades,  W.  A. 
Dolley,  H.  Dean,  A.  Flagler,  Floyd  Gerrald,  Paris  Gerrald,  Simeon 
Gerrald,  John  Alford,  Albert  Abbott,'  G.  W.  Aubry,  H.  Ault,  J.  B. 
Bowman,  Alexander  Brown,  Benjamin  Bond,  John  Burgdall,  E.  Birch, 
Joseph  Hawks,  J.  R.  Hall,  C.  Hempstead,  A.  Hamilton,  Edward 
Barnes,  Thomas  Waldron,  John  Wriston,  Daniel  Witcher,  Hamilton 
Smith,  Caleb  Wriston,  G.  Thornton,  J.  Turner,  Jr.,  J.  B.  Turner, 
J.  D.  Turner,  J.  L.  Turner,  W.  P.  Turner,  Sanford  Thomas,  Solomon 
V.  Aumeter,  J.  Vissor,  E.  Powell,  Robert  Powell,  Albert  Peacock, 
Charles  Holland,  J.  Hayslip. 

FROM    FAIRFAX    COUNTY. 

P.  Hall,  Sent  home 

E.  Hall,  ••       « 

Isaac  Hall,  "       " 

Horace  Holden,  'k       " 

Isaac  Scarborough,  *.  "       *< 


J  •?('•)  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

John  Honacher,  Released 

George  Bayless. 

Samuel  Dentz. 

Spencer  Lloyd. 

Thomas  Waldron. 

Samuel  Reves. 

James  Romine. 

FROM    KANAWHA    COUNTY. 

The  following  were  released:  W.  Kenny,  Cornelius  Kenny,  Joseph 
Kenny,  Columbus  Kenny,  L.  H.  Johnson,  Harrison  Jarrett,  Irwin 
Jarrett,  Seth  Jarrett,  Jesse  Jarrett,  D.  W.  Jarrett,  Fred  Fillman, 
Oliver  Jarrett. 

J.  C.  Kelly,  Sent  home 

Samuel  Pack, 

George  Emerson,  North  Carolina 

Charles  H.  Lavery. 
W.  A.  Kelly. 
Lewis  Ballard. 
William  R.  Jones. 
Miles  Johnson. 
Samuel  Pancoast. 


OHIO. 

FIRST    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   A. 

Private  W.  Snikart,  Sent  to  Alabama 

COMPANY   C. 

Private  H.  F.  Proctor,  Sent  to  Alabama 

COMPANY    E. 

Private  James  McLaughlin,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

G.  W.  Wise,  "     "      " 

COMPANY    F. 

Private  A.  B.  Spader,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

««        D.  Sullivan,  "     "      "        " 


Sergeant  J.  E.  Morris, 


Private  T.  Wjtkonsky, 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


COMPANY    I. 


COMPANY    K. 


SECOND    REGIMENT. 


Bugler  D.  Frietman, 


Private  George  Winfield, 


Private  G.  W.  Ward, 


Private  II.  Schmittka, 


Private  J.  M.  Griffith, 
"        George  McCabe, 


Private  A.  Grant, 

"        John  Grenaner, 


Private  John  Byron, 


COMPANY  c. 

COMPANY  D. 
COMPANY  E. 
COMPANY  G. 

COMPANY  H. 

THIRD    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   B. 

FOURTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    D. 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Alabama 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Exchanged 


Sent  to  Salisbury 


Private  G.  W.  Quinly, 


Sent  to  Alabama 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


COMPANY     I. 


Private  James  W.  Henkle, 
"        W.  Irving, 


Left  in  Richmond 


SIXTH    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    C. 

Lieutenant  John  Gilmer, 

COMPANY    F. 

First  Lieutenant  T.  S.  Scheiffer, 


COMPANY    I. 


Captain  J.  Bense, 
Sergeant  J.  H.  Hanly, 

W.  B.  McLane, 
"         J.  McDough, 
Corporal  W.  Langenheim, 
H.  S.  Gibson, 
F.  W.  Lang, 
C.  Fallbush, 
J.  Williams, 
Private  T.  Allerman, 

J.  Marshall, 
"         Adolph  Brumer, 
"        H.  Buddenbom, 
"        G.  Burner, 
T.  Brahm, 
"        James  Carson, 
"        Joseph  Dreher, 
R.  P\  Finley, 
H.  Fravi, 
"        J.  Landis, 

W.  A.  Forristall, 
"        E.  Green, 
"         II.  Grass, 
Otto  Huff, 
"        D.  Hummell, 
"        Henry  Harmeyer, 
"        W.  Jorgan, 
"        William  Jager, 


Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  S.  Irminger, 
J.  Little, 
J.  R.  La  Rue, 
F.  W.  Hekert, 
"        Jacob  Lilse, 

E.  Miller, 
M.  Siebert, 
T.  W.  Hekert, 
T.  L.  Rea, 

"        T.  Ryan, 

"        J.  Ojsterboy, 

O.  M.  Smith, 
"        C.  Schneitzer, 
"        John  Zinneman, 

William  Thoburn, 

S.  Weber, 

W.  C.  Weber, 

F.  Wilson, 
W.  Wenzel, 
H.  Hosier, 

—  McConneil, 
"        P.  Neumuller, 


Private  J.  Cedes, 


239 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

Left  in  Richmond 

Exchanged 
<  < 

Sent  to  Alabama 


COMPANY    K. 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


SEVENTH    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    A. 

Musician  H.  Wood, 
Private  R.  Wilsdon, 
F.  Williams, 
A.  Scoville, 
"        George  Brudle, 
"        Thomas  Burt, 
"         C.  Burroughs, 
M.  H.  Waley, 
"        John  Burns, 

COMPANY  B. 
Sergeant  Charles  L.  Chapman,  (clerk) 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Exchanged 


240 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Corporal  J.  McCabe, 
Private  T.  C.  Rafferty, 
"        Daniel  Boyle, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


COMPANY  c. 


Captain  Shurtleflf, 

Sergeant  W.  W.  Parmenter, 
"         Edward  Monery, 

E.  R.  Stiles, 
Corporal  C.  F.  Mack, 
S.  M.  Cole, 

Private  W.  W.  Wheeler, 
"       James  Massa, 
"        J.  B.  Myers, 
"        J.  M.  Burns, 
W.  Biggs, 
F.  Bodel, 
"        R.  Chapman, 

H.  D.  Claghorn, 
J.  W.  Finch, 
"        Thomas  Mullery, 
A.  Hubbell, 
A.  L.  Halbert, 
"        S:  B.  Kingsbury, 
"        G.  C.  Newton, 

F.  A.  Noble, 
"        Albert  Osborn, 
"        Alexander  Parker, 
"        George  C.  Robinson, 

E.  C.  Root, 
"        D.  J.  Thompson, 
W.  H.  Scott, 
L.  Warren, 
J.  R.  Smith, 
J.  B.  Tuttle, 


COMPANY    D. 


Fifer  S.  Gill, 

Private  Charles  Carroll, 
"        A.  Dodge, 
J.  Shelby, 

"        F.  A.  Rubicon, 
"        John  Smith, 


Sent  to  Charleston 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  H.  Hun  toon, 
P.  II.  Smith, 
N.  K.  Hubbard, 
"  A.  E.  Smith, 
C.  C.  Quinn, 
J.  R.  Smith, 


241 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 


^       11         it  tt 

«          4 1  n 

Left  in  Richmond 


COMPANY   E. 


Captain  J.  W.  Sprague, 
Lieutenant  Wilcox, 
Sergeant  F.  F.  Wilcoxon, 
"        T.  E.  Ketch  urn, 
Corporal  J.  G.  Turner, 
Private  F.  Stilhvell, 

F.  W.  Bartlett, 
"       George  Sweet, 
'k       John  Shuller, 
"       John  Bark, 

"       L.  M.  Blakesly, 
"       E.  Kennedy, 
"       J.-  Butler, 
"       R.  Beers, 
"       R.  W.  Blakesly, 
W.  Chewey, 

G.  W.  Downing, 
"       E.  Evans, 

"       F.   Fox, 

E.  Henderson, 

"       John  Haun, 

"       Henry  Kaiser, 
William  Gibbs, 

"       Charles  Parrington, 
Charles  Webber, 

"       James  Stinson, 


Private  L.  Boles, 

"       Albert  Hopkins, 
"       J.  F.  Curtis, 
"      J.  Hettlick, 
"      L.  C.  Logue, 


COMPANY    G. 


Sent  to  Charleston 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  Alabama 

Dead 

Deserted 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  Columbia 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


RICHMOND 


COMPANY    H. 


Corporal  |.  A.  Mohler, 
Corporal  E.  C.  Palmer, 


COMPANY    I. 


Corporal  Charles  E.  Bersett, 
Private  N.  Freidenberg, 
"       J.  Snider, 
"       Sam  Johnson, 
"       D.  H.  Johnson, 

F.  Larkins, 
M.  Lewellen, 

G.  W.  Thompson, 

Sergeant  Edward  Bohn, 

A.  Kohlman, 
Corporal  John  Miller, 
Private  C.  Haskell, 

"      J.  Greenville, 
Charles  Stahl, 

"       A.  Finz, 

"       A.  Schwartz,        • 

"       A.  Akerman, 

"       T.  Hebbig, 

"       S.  Beel, 

"       Fred  Brickmail, 

"       M.  Makel, 

"       John  Smith, 

"       Charles  Ottinger, 

"       S.  Renz, 

"      J.  Wolf, 

"       A.  Zietzman, 

"       Henry  Wesenbock, 
Charles  Rich, 


COMPANY    K. 


Corporal  Isaac  Harmon, 


Private  S.  R.  Welch, 


EIGHTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    C. 
COMPANY    D. 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

t  I          II  U  It 


II       «         «  II 

Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  Alabama 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


243 


Driver  Daniel  Leary, 
Teamster  R.  C.  Marsh, 
Private  A.  Kelley, 


Private  Charles  Kern, 
Private  D.  Dougherty, 


COMPANY    I. 


NINTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    A. 
COMPANY    G. 

TENTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   C. 


Corporal  John  B.  Stewart, 
Private  James  Peters, 


ELEVENTH    REGIMENT. 


Colonel  Charles  DeVilliers, 
Private  J.  L.  Palmerston, 
"       Robert  Poor, 

Corporal  Lewis  Gallagher, 
Private  John  Gatts, 

"      James  Mahan, 
Robert  Walsh, 

"       Lewis  Brossey, 


COMPANY    A. 


TWELFTH   REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    H. 


Private  Andrew  Barker, 
"       J.  W.  Akkins, 
"       T.  Stuard, 

Private  George  W.  Beard, 
"       S.  Hugh, 
"       Thomas  Idings, 
"       M.  Caiavin, 
"       Charles  White, 


COMPANY    I. 


Sent  to  Salisbury 
Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  Columbia 


Sent  to  Columbia 


Sent  to  Salisbury 
Sent  to  Columbia 


Escaped 
Sent  to  Salisbury 


Sent  to  Salisbury 
"     "  Columbia 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

«     a      i<         « 

«  (C  «  <  i 

Sent  to  Alabama 
Exchanged 


244  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

COMPANY    K. 

Private  F.  M.  Dugan,  Sent  to  Alabama 

THIRTEENTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    C. 

Private  Christopher  Bryon,  Sent  to  Columbia 

"       William  Loyd,  "     " 

"       W.  R.  Wolfkill,  "     " 

Isaac  Ward,  "     "           " 

COMPANY    D. 

Private  Joseph  Brester,  Sent  to  Columbia 

"       V.  W.  Peck,  "     " 

COMPANY    F. 

Corporal  G.  B.  Schaffer,  Exchanged 

COMPANY    H. 

Private  J.  Trump,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

"       W.  H.  St.  Clair,  "     "       " 

TWENTY-THIRD    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   C. 

Private  R.  Thomas,  .  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

TWENTY-FOURTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    B. 

Private  James  Lemon,  Dead 

COMPANY   II. 

Private  John  Ewe,  Sent  to  Alabama 

Private  Adam  Mair,  Exchanged 

TWENTY-FIFTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    D. 

Private  William  H.  Brown,  Left  in  Richmond 
"       J.  Troxall, 

"       C.  J.  Thayer,  "     " 

"       Jonathan  Cole  Fuller,  "     "          " 

"      J.W.Sims,  Sent  to  Alabama 

A.  F.  Strump,  "     " 

"       H.  Bumess,  Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


TWENTY-SIXTH    REGIMENT. 


245 


COMPANY   B. 


Priyate  P.   Schaffer, 
"       H.  M.  Wai  lam, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


FORTY-SEVENTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    F. 

Private  H.  Thueneman,  Sent  to  Alabama 

THIRTY-SIXTH    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    A. 


CITIZENS. 


Private  T.  Rammage, 


Edward  Taylor, 
William  Massey, 
Joseph  F.  Griffin, 


INDIANA. 

SIXTH    REGIMENT. 
Assistant  Surgeon  W.  B.  Fletcher, 

NINTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   C. 

Private  George  Congdon, 
"      James  .Cathcart, 


Sent  to  Columbia 


Left  in  Richmond 


Exchanged 


Left  in  Richmond 


TENTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    F. 

Private  William  Neagle,  Sent  to  Columbia 

ELEVENTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    F. 


Private  J.  F.  Landis, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


246 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


TWELFTH    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    E. 


Captain  Reuben  Williams, 
Corporal  R.  S.  Richart, 

H.  S.  Westcott, 
Private  S.  G.  Robbins, 
"      James  F.  McGuire, 

A.  Hogler, 
"       Lemuel  Hazard, 


Corporal  G.  Swikart, 
Private  F.  Kennedy, 
"       Levi  Reynolds, 
"       J.  C.  Dicky, 


COMPANY    F. 


COMPANY    K. 


Private  Isaac  Hall, 


THIRTEENTH    REGIMENT. 


Corporal  T.  N.  Kistler, 
Private  T.  Rodgers, 

Private  R.  K.  Stout, 

"       Oliver, 

"       C.  C.  Flinn, 

Private  Lott  Randolph, 
"       John  Burns, 
Charles  Neal, 

Sergeant  D.  H.  Gallagher, 
Private  Jacob  Baner, 
"       A.  S.  Butterfield, 
"       E.  Leighton, 

M.  Boyer, 
"       Andrew  Francis, 


COMPANY    A. 


COMPANY    C. 


COMPANY    E. 


COMPANY    I. 


Left  in  Richmond 

t  I  (C  '  t 

II       <  t  <( 

il       It  ( ( 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  Salisbury 

Sent  Home 

Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Sent  to  Alabama 

Left  in  Richmond 


Left  .in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  247 

Private  Charles  Brown,  Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

"  Thomas  Colshear, 

"  George  Lowe, 

"  Christopher  Fisher,  Left  in  Richmond 

"  Charles  Fisher,  Sent  to  North  Fairground 

"  A.  Potts,  Sent  to  Alabama 

"  J.  E.  Stone, 

"  John  Smith,  "     " 

"  C.  Wigand,  "     " 

"  W.  Warner,  "     " 

FOURTEENTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    G. 

Sergeant  E.  W.  Redding,  Left  in  Richmond 

Private  Adolph  Maier,  Sent  to  Columbia 

COMPANY    H. 

Private  J.  H.  Mitchell,  Deserted 

FIFTEENTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    F. 

Private  Pat  Kildy,  •    Sent  to  Columbia 

"       Thomas  Spoonmore,  " 

COMPANY    I. 

Private  John  Wilson,  Sent  to  Columbia 

C.  Shlatterback,  Sent  to  Alabama 

NINETEENTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    F. 

Private  G.  W.  Thorp,  Sent  to  Alabama 

COMPANY    I. 

Second  Lieutenant  B.  F.  Hancock,  Lett  in  Richmond 

Sergeant  Samuel  Goodwin,  Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

Private  O.  Hubbell, 

TWENTIETH    REGIMENT. 

Quarter-Master  Isaac  W.  Hart,  Exchanged 

Sergeant-Major  Charles  H.  Comley,  Sent  to  Columbia 

Sutler's  Clerk  H.  Watson,  "     "          " 


248 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


COMPANY    A. 


Corporal  W.  H.  Dangerfield, 


COMPANY  c. 


Sergeant  M.  L.  Kennard, 
Second  Lieutenant  Henry  A.  Uruh, 
Private  William  Stickley, 
"       Abraham  Obelner, 


COMPANY    D. 


Private,  Nathan  Brady  [Cook], 
"       Robert  Ingless, 
"       Washington  Probest, 
"       Francis  M.  Glover, 
G.  W.  Clarke, 

Captain's  Boy,  George  W.  Gerber, 

Private  Fred  Engle, 

"       John  H.  Hoffman, 
"       John  Helson, 


COMPANY    E. 


Private  G.  M.  Parker, 

L.  Ruff, 

"       L.  H.  Reily, 
"       Charles  E.  Jones, 
"       Ely  Schneider, 
"       N.  B.  Easton, 

Private  John  Commigare, 
H.  C.  Wilkerson, 

Private  Charles  M.  Goss, 

Private  T.  C.  Kearns, 
"       James  Clayton, 
"       John  H.  Andrews, 
"       Elias  Oxford, 
"       F.  F.  B.  Persons, 
"       F.  B.  Sackett, 
"       Jacob  Shoff, 
"       Christopher  Shrack, 
"       A.  Van  Horn, 

M.  P.     Wendell, 
"       L.  L.  Bennett, 


COMPANY  F. 


COMPANY  G, 


COMPANY  H, 


Sent  to  Columbia 


Sent  to  Columbia 


Sent  to  Columbia 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  Columbia 

a     it          a 

.t  tl  II 

it  it  tt 

it  II  tl 

Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  Columbia 

Sent  to  Columbia 

Sent  to  Columbia 

«     ti  n 

1 1     n  n 


n     tt  ti 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


249 


COMPANY   I. 


Sergeant  T.  M.  Bartlett, 

C.  W.  Dexmott, 
Private  Henry  Pearsall, 

"       Jacob  Rice, 

"       J.  W.  Sparks, 

"       Hiram  Hyde, 

"       John  Jones, 

"       H.  B. Johnson, 

"       Napoleon  Baum, 
Paul  Bernhard, 

"       John  Berringer, 

"       John  Drury, 

"      Joseph  Cafter,  (cook) 


COMPANY    K. 


Captain  E.  W.  Keefer, 
Private  Michael  Kasper, 
"       Van  Hinds, 
"       Henry  Hines, 
"       Noah  Kelley, 
"      J.  B.  Smith, 


Sent  to  Columbia 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

it  ti  44  14 

Sent  to  Columbia 


Sent  to  Columbia 

(4  it  II 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

It  44  44  44 

Sent  to  Columbia 

it          («  (4 


TWENTY-FIFTH    REGIMENT. 
COMPANY   F. 

Private  Timothy  Maher,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

THIRTIETH   REGIMENT. 


Private  Joseph  Maddox, 
Private  J.  R.  Maiks, 

Private  John  Muster, 
32 


COMPANY  F. 


COMPANY  H. 


COMPANY  I. 


Sent  to  Columbia 
Sent  to  Columbia 
Sent  to  Columbia 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 

ILLINOIS. 

THIRTY-NINTH   REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    D. 


Private  William  Crum, 

"  J.  S.  Grant, 

"  Franklin  Hewett, 

"  J.  L.  Lacy, 

"  Thomas  Lisen, 

"  John  Martjn, 

"  F.  C.  McCaney, 

»  E.  M.  Wait, 

."  Nelson  Walls, 


Private  John  Howarth, 


Sergeant  H.  Fucier, 
Private  Frank  Marcellus, 
"       N.  Price, 
"       E.  Stebbins, 


COMPANY   E. 


COMPANY   K. 


Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 


MICHIGAN 


FIRST   REGIMENT. 


Colonel  O.  B.  Wilcox,  (hostage) 
Bugler  George  W.  Steward, 
Teamster  G.  Wiseman, 


COMPANY   A. 


Sergeant  Lewis  Hartmyer, 
Corporal  Hubbard  Smith, 
Private  J.  Ingersoll, 

"       Michael  Kaufman, 

"       Thomas  J.  Montgomery, 


County  Jail 
Sent  to  Charleston 


Exchanged 

<  < 

Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  Columbia 
Left  in  Richmond 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


251 


Private  H.  Hutchinson, 
"       J.  Arndt, 
"      J.  H.  Starkweather, 
"       F.  T.  Bollo, 
"       H.  W.  Eagan, 
"       N.  M.  Farrar, 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Sent  to  Charleston 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Sent  to  Charleston 


Sergeant  J.  Gregg, 
Private  J.  G.  Tuttle, 
"      J.  Badgely, 

C.  S.  Chapmaa, 
F.  Pease, 
"      A.  N.  Russell, 


COMPANY   B. 


Sent  to  Charleston 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Sent  to  Charleston 


COMPANY   C. 


Sergeant  R.  Walker, 

Charles  B.  Whitcomb, 
Private  J.  D.  Snails, 
G.  D.  Drury, 
"       Charles  H.  Harvey, 
"      J-  Lang, 
"       John  Brinkerhoff, 

D.  Holms, 
"      George  Rhodes, 


Sent  to  Charleston 

Sent  to  Charleston 

«     «  « 

a     a  « 

Exchanged 
Sent  to  Alabama 


COMPANY    D. 


Color  Sergeant  W.  Metzke, 
"       A.  Dubois, 

W.  Johnson, 
"       M.  Martin, 

N.  Porter, 
"       W.  Thornton, 
"       Thomas  Jenkins, 


Sent  to  Charleston 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  North  Carolina 


Private  W.  B.  Noel, 
"       J.  Lang, 
"       W.  N.  Reynolds, 
"      D.  Snaidman, 


COMPANY   E. 


Sent  to  Charleston 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


COMPANY    F. 


Captain  DeGoylger, 

First  Lieutenant,  S.  B.  Preston, 
Corporal  J.  J.  Barnes, 
Private  J.  J.  Hubell, 

"       H.  Bremer, 

"      J.  Kelley, 

"       Charles  Ewers, 
G.  Goldsmith, 

"       H.  Brink, 


COMPANY    G. 


Private  T.  Rainer, 

"  J.  N.  Trask, 

"  J.  Archer,  Jr., 

"  Charles  H.  Palmer, 

"  C.  S.  Truman, 

"  J.  Stitz, 

"  J.  N.  Barker, 


COMPANY   H. 


Second  Lieutenant  A.  M.  Parks, 
Private  Hiram  Lane, 

G.  S.  Phillips, 

G.  W.  Baker, 
"       M.  Baker, 


COMPANY    I. 


Sergeant  Charles  B.  Moore, 
Private  W.  Smith, 

"       Fred  Simmons, 
M.  V.  Marx, 

*'       D.  A.  Launsberry, 


Sergeant  A.  M.  Edwards, 
Private  W.  II.  Flemming, 

H.  Blanchurd, 
"       (^iiade  Ilaynes, 
"       P.  Pomeroy, 
"       M.  Moore, 
"       John  Reich, 


COMPANY   K. 


Escaped 

Sent  to  Alabama 
(i     «         '  < 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Sent  to  Charleston 


Sent  to  Charleston 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Sent  to  Charleston 


Sent  to  Charleston 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  Charleston 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  to  Charleston 


Sent  to  Columbia 
Sent  to  Alabama 


Private  P.  C.  Irwin, 


Private  Reynolds, 


Private  Albert  Benson, 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 
SECOND    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    G. 

FOURTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    D. 

THIRD    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    A. 


253 


Private  James  Livingston, 
Private  F.  H.  Wirts, 

Private  A.  Craig, 

E.  A.  Cross, 


COMPANY   C. 


COMPANY    F. 


COMPANY    G. 


Exchanged 


Exchanged 


Exchanged 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  Charleston 

Sent  to  Charleston 


MINNESOTA. 

FIRST   REGIMENT. 

Surgeon  J.  H.  Stuart, 
Assistant  Surgeon  C.  W.  LeBoutelier, 
Hospital  Steward  Oscar  W.  Sears, 
Nurse  Thomas  Brown, 


COMPANY    A. 


Private  C.  T.  Clark, 
"       J.  P.  Garnison, 
"       W.  H.  H.  Dooley, 
•'      L.  Keiffer, 


Sent  home 

Exchanged 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Dead 

Exchanged 


254 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  William  Becker, 

George  Pfeffer, 
"  H.  C.  Whight, 
"  F.  A.  Brown, 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

Sent  to  Alabama 

«     u         ti 

Lett  in  Richmond 


COMPANY    B. 


Private  H.  Krone, 
"       G.  G.  Nellis, 
"       B.  Richardson, 
"       Charles  Tanner, 
"       T.  Russell, 
"       J.  Ostrander, 
G.  W.  Potter, 
"       John  M.  Lee, 
"       Thomas  Parker, 


Sent  to  Columbia 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  Alabama 


Left  in  Richmond 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


COMPANY    C. 


Corporal  O.  S.  King, 
Private  C.  C.  Coombs, 

"  Charles  J.  Clarke, 

"  J.  B.  Mergeno, 

"  F.  Miller, 

"  Edward  Brisette, 

"  J.  F.  Halstead, 

"  Charles  W.  Mills, 

"  George  Maddox, 

"  M.  Kenney, 

"  James  McNelly, 

"  E.  Remore, 

"  C.  C.  Marr, 

"  G.  W.  Randolph, 

"  J.  Milne, 


Sergeant  C.  N.  Harris, 
Corporal  J.  Barrow, 
Private  J.  Closer, 

"       William  Connelly, 
"       Dennis  Crandall, 
"       C.  M.  Hubbs, 
"       Hans  Holstand, 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


COMPANY    F. 


Exchanged 


Sent  to  Alabama 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Left  in  Richmond 

Sent  home 


Sent  home 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Exchanged 


RICHMOND  PRISONS                                         255 

COMPANY    I. 

Sergeant  J.  Gregory,  Exchanged 

Private  J.  Gannon,  " 

"  Levi  Emery,  Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

P.  C.  Ellis,  "  "  " 

"       A.  H.  Aubert,  Sent  home 

COMPANY  K. 

Private  J.  W.  Imeson,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

N.  Brown,  Sent  home 

"       John  Alderson,  Exchanged 

B.  Bitka,  Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

G.  S.  Eaton,  »«     « 

"       Charles  E.  Lincoln,  Sent  to  Charleston 

"      J.  D.  Duffee,  Dead 

E.  A.  Rowley,  Sent  to  Alabama 


WISCONSIN. 

FIRST   REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    K. 

Private  L.  Wise,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

SECOND    REGIMENT. 


COMPANY   A. 


Sergeant  Frank  Dexter, 
Private  Nathaniel  Heath 
"       Daniel  Jones, 
»       R.  Welch, 

William  McRae, 
E.  C.  Marsh, 


COMPANY    B. 


Nurse  R.  Burns,  Exchanged 

Private  J.  M.  Hawkins,  « 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  John  Donovan, 
S.  P.  Jackson, 
"      Joseph  Frame, 


COMPANY    C. 


Second  Lieutenant  William  Booth, 
Private  Andrew  Curtis,  Jr., 
F.  Beckler, 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


COMPANY    D. 


Corporal  John  Hamilton, 

Private  J.  S.  Bell, 
"       A.  Bean, 
"      J.  Jones, 
"       H.  Murray, 
"       Henry  Seaman, 
"       J.  Southerland. 
"       Michael  Kelley, 
"       G.  F.  Marshall, 
O.  Wilcoxen, 


Died 

Exchanged 


Sent  to  North  Fairground 

Left  in  Richmond 

Sent  to  Alabama 


COMPANY    E. 


Fifer  W.  Taylor, 
Private  S.  P.  Pitcher, 
"       H.  C.  Weed, 
"       S.  Graham, 
T.  Stinson, 
"       Horace  Stroud, 
"       L.  S.  Perry, 
C.  Graves, 


Private  John  Anderson, 
"       A.  Henry, 
"       Fred  Lacy, 
"       W.  H.  Upham, 


Private  D.  O'Brien, 
"       J.  W.  Anderson, 

E.  L.  Best, 
"      John  F.  House, 


COMPANY    F. 


COMPANY    G. 


Exchanged 


Sent  to  Alabama 


Sent  to  Columbia 
Exchanged 


Exchanged 
« 

Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Sent  New  Orleans 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  D.  C.  Holdridge, 
"       G.  A.  Beck, 
"       C.  E.  Trobridge, 


COMPANY   H. 


Exchanged 

Lett  in  Richmond 

Dead 


COMPANY    I. 


Sergeant  J.  Gregory, 
Private  E.  L.  Reed, 
"       T.  R.  Reed, 
"       G.  W.  Dilly, 
"       E.  Breme, 
"       M.  A.  Owens, 
"       W.  P.  Smith, 


Exchanged 
Dead 

Sent  to  Alabama 
Exchanged 


COMPANY   K. 


Sergeant  A.  B.  Gaskell, 
Corporal  S.  H.  Hagadon, 
Private  John  Hobuck, 
C.  C.  Everson, 
"       James  Taylor, 
"       R.  M.  McKinnon, 
"       W.  H.  Martin, 
"       T.  Ross, 


Exchanged 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  Columbia 

Sent  to  Alabama 


Private  J.  P.  Ecking, 
"       Allen  Sprague, 


THIRD    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY   E. 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


FIFTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    D. 


Sergeant  Stephen  Kane, 
Private  Mathias  Spo, 


Sent  home 
Left  in  Richmond 


33 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 

CALIFORNIA, 


FIRST   REGIMENT. 


COMPANY    A. 


Captain  John  Markoe, 
Second  Lieutenant  F.  A.  Parker, 
Sergeant  A.  McCormick, 
W.  H.  Shaffer, 
Corporal  E.  Robinson, 

"         George  W.  Meyers, 
"         G.  W.  Dougherty, 

W.  H.  Cox, 
"         W.  J.  Carson, 
"         Thomas  Carson, 
"         M.  Clement, 
Private  G.  W.  Cochrane, 
"       R.  Greenwood, 
"      Joseph  Gordon, 
'<       G.  W.  Hibbs, 
"       Spencer  Jones, 
"       A.  J.  Huptils, 
"       George  W.  Morris, 

P.  Nighon, 
"       H.  L.  Niles, 
"      J.  F.  Nail, 
"       A.  Patterson, 
R.  H.  Price, 
"       John  Rogers, 
"       L.  P.  Raybolt, 
"       G.  Straub, 
"       Thomas  Stackhouse, 
"       A.  J.  Spellbrink, 
"       Theodore  Stokes, 
"       Van  Aiken, 
"       Thomas  F.  Weyser, 
"      W.  Mays, 
"       G.  A.  Brown, 
"       H.  T.  Parker, 


Released 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Left  in  Richmond 


Sent  to  Alabama 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


259 


COMPANY   C. 


Second  Lieutenant  Will  H.  Kerns, 
Orderly  Sergeant  H.  A.  Harding, 
Corporal  A.  C.  Yearger, 
J.  C.  Hufty, 
A.  L.  Morris, 
Private  C.  R.  Brown, 

"       A.  S.  Rambaugh, 

"       G.  C.  Snyder, 

"       G.  W.  Histon, 

"      J.  H.  Simmons, 

"       W.  B.  Humes, 
G.  S.  Massey, 

"       A.  J.  McCleary, 

"       T.  W.  Miller, 

"       W.  Malloch, 

"      J.  McBride, 

"       R.  F.  Wallin, 

'       W.  H.  Leachler, 

"      J.  Lewis, 

"      J.  Gillen, 

"      J.  Bendel, 

"      J.  Burrows, 

"       Henry  Dunlevy, 

"      John  M.Edgar, 

"       F.  W.  Carpenter, 

"       W.  J.  Scott, 

"       E.  G.  Carpenter, 

"       S.  Smith, 

"       R.  E.  Tyndall, 

"       H.  Thurgland, 

"       E.  C.  Young, 

"       W.  H.  Roberts, 

"      J.  L.  Nicholis, 


Corporal  Thomas  Palmer, 
Private  George  Arckland, 
"      John  Stokes, 
"       Richard  Standing, 
"       Oliver  Snider, 
"       John  Fisher, 
"       Robert  Leschee, 


COMPANY   D. 


Left  in  Richmond 


Dead 


Left  in  Richmond 


260 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  John  Johnston, 

"  J.  B.  Green. 

"  J.  H.  Zepp, 

"  Thomas  Zepp, 

"  J.  Greenhalgh, 

"  John  Hogan, 

"  G.  Hart, 

"  Samuel  Hoolej, 

"  John  Heath, 

"  W.  Collough, 

"  E.  Brett, 

"  W.  Batt, 


Private  Joseph  Ashmore, 
"       Patrick  Burns, 
"       Adams  Gill, 

William  Ploss, 
"      Joseph  Wallace, 
"       John  Vance, 


Left  in  Richmond 


COMPANY    G. 


COMPANY    H. 


First  Lieutenant  W.  C.  Harris, 
Orderly  Sergeant  F.  A.  Donalson, 
Sergeant  R.  I.  Fleck, 

"        W.  H.  Sloanaker,  (Yankee  artist,) 
Corporal  Freeman  Miller, 

S.  McDonald, 
"        John  Riley, 
"         Richard  Margerum, 
Private  M.  Patton, 
"      J.  McMcnamin, 
"       R.  McMenamin, 
"       Peter  Martin, 

Pat  Hair, 
"      J.  Hagan, 

Stephen  Hafferty, 
"       Thomas  Palmer, 
"       W.  Songster, 
W.  Wilkerson, 
S.  Smith, 

««       Thomas  H.  Whitehouse, 
«'       H.  A.  Wellman, 


Exchanged 
Dead 


Dead 
Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 

Paroled 

Left  in  Richmond 


Exchanged 
Left  in  Richmond 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


26l 


Private  Charles  Dougherty, 

Edward  Ford, 
"      J.  H.  Russell, 
"       John  Blair, 
"       S.  F.  Frye, 
"       W.  Bradley, 
"       J.  M.  Chapman, 
"       M.  Garrol, 
"       C.  Cammyer, 
"       H.  G.  Greenley, 


Left  in  Richmond 


Private  George  Moore, 


Private  S.  F.  Hopkins, 
"      Joseph  Heald, 


COMPANY  I. 


COMPANY  K. 


COMPANY  L. 


Corporal  C.  A.  Lehmann, 

"         \V.  H.  Schoonmaster, 

S.  Shanitt, 

Private  John  Simpson, 
"       H.  F.  Little, 
"       A.  W.  Lester, 
•'       Edward  Quigley, 
"       Noah  Boyer, 

G.  W.  Backer, 
"  John  McCuen, 
"  Joseph  McGaw, 

Thomas  McKay, 
"       Fred  Walk, 
"       Anthony  Cramer, 
«       G.  F.  Ruoff, 
"       Charles  Reardon, 

S.  B.  Recks, 
"       W.  Roberts, 
"       G.  H.  Myers, 
"       William  Ganzer, 
"       Thomas  M.  Graham, 
"       Henry  Goslin, 
"       Henry  Dougherty, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 


262 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Priyate  J.  F.  Armstrong, 
"       Thomas  Hand, 
"       John  Reed, 
"       William  Diggenman, 

COMPANY    N. 

Captain  Francis  J.  Keffer, 

First  Lieutenant  Charles  M.  Hooper, 

Sergeant  W.  J.  McGere, 

J.  Huntley. 
Corporal  Henry  Frank, 

C.  B.  Street, 
"         A.  H.  Simmons, 
Private  W.  H.  Clear, 

"       J.  Childs, 

"       W.  Cljmer, 

«       D.  H.  Colligan, 

"       G.  W.  Ellis, 

"       D.  Emerick, 

"      J.  Maslem, 

"       C.  E.  Cheeseman, 

"       Thomas  Mitchell, 

"       E.  L.  Galloway, 

«      J.  E.  Clopp, 

"      J.  F.  Cline, 

"       E.  Weingartner, 

"      J.  M.  Wach, 

"       W.  Wingate, 

"       II .  C.  Weaver, 

"       Charles  Wild, 

W.  II.  Whartenby, 

"      J.  B.  Branschette, 

"       A.  M.  Barnes, 

"       George  Seiger, 

"       John  Perkins, 

•'       H.  S.  Hacy, 

«'       W.  Ispording, 

"      J.  M.  Zane, 

"       J.  Harris, 

"       John  Loller, 

"       H.  Luther, 

««      C.  S.  McNeal, 

««      J,  L,  Hughes, 


Left  in  Richmond 


Left  in  Richmond 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


26) 


COMPANY   P. 

Second  Lieutenant  George  W.  Kenney, 
Sergeant  John  Wise, 
Corporal  R.  Riley, 

S.  F.  Bennett, 
Private  W.  Reamer. 

"       G.  W.  Reinhard, 

"       H.  B.  Ruyan, 

"       G.  L.  Brown, 

"       John  Black, 

"      John  Bell, 

"       W.  Harris, 

"       G.  W.  Harper, 

"       John  Houston, 
-  Lobb, 

"       Francis  Lesher, 

"       Thomas  Ashbore, 

"       G.  C.  Moore, 

"       C.  F.  Archard, 

"       Stepeen  A.  Curtis, 

"       C.  I.  Dunfield, 

"      J.  McNight, 

"       N.  L.  Millard, 

"      James  McQuade, 

"       George  Mullen, 

"       Isaac  Paynter, 

"       Fred  Polman, 

"      S.  J.  Price, 

"      J.  C.  Sheehan, 

"      Joseph  Seymour, 

"       W.  Sullivan, 

"       S.  P.  Schintz, 

"       Stephen  McCainey, 


Left  in  Richmond 


Exchanged 


UNITED  STATES   ARMY. 


FIRST    REGIMENT    CAVALRY. 

COMPANY   E. 


Private  B.  Shotoff, 
"       Charles  North, 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  Alabama 


264  RICHMOND    PRISONS 

THIRD    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    A. 

Lieutenant  A.  Tompkinson,  Sent  Home 

Private  W.  Barry,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

COMPANY  c. 
Private  James  Cassidy,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

COMPANY    G. 

Private  James  Adams,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

FIRST   REGIMENT   ARTILLERY. 
COMPANY   A. 

Sergeant  W.  H.  Wills,  Left  in  Richmond 

Armorer  J.  Voightlander,  Discharged 

COMPANY    B. 

Private  Francis  Tappey,  deserted,  Released 

COMPANY    D. 

Captain  Robert  McFarlane,  Released 

COMPANY    E. 

Private  Henry  Lodger,  Left  in  Richmond 

COMPANY   I. 

Private  L.  Christian,  Exchanged 

"       George  Grey, 
"      J.  Langdon,  Sent  to  Alabama 

COMPANY    K. 

Private  John  Conell,  Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

THIRD    REGIMENT   INFANTRY. 
Assistant  Surgeon Sternburg,  Left  in  Richmond 

COMPANY    A. 

First  Lieutenant  William  Dickinson,  Left  in  Richmond 

Corporal  H.  Grage,  Sent  to  Alabama 

Private  C.  Nosida,  Sent  to  Columbia 

"      A.  J.  Wood,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 


klCHMONt)    PRISONS 


COMPANY  B. 


First  Lieutenant  J.  F.  Kent, 
Private  F.  Pflisterer, 
P.  Riley, 

"      J.  W.  Carroll, 

"      J.  Lane, 

Private  R.  Murphy, 
"       M.  Hynes, 

Lewis  Richland, 

Private  P.  Burke, 
"       A.  Buchanan, 


COMPANY  D. 


COMPANY  H. 


COMPANY  K. 


Private  J.  Burritt, 


Sent  to  Charleston 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  Alabama 

Exchanged 

Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Sent  to  Columbia 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

11  ( I  ((  » 4 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Private  A.  J.  Wood, 


Private  John  Butler, 
•'       D.  Clifford, 


SECOND    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    A. 
COMPANY   C. 


COMPANY    D. 


Private  Thomas  Guire, 
"      J.  Dillion, 

Michael  Kelley, 
"       Ed.  Hoppy, 
•'       George  Robb, 
"       W.  Roach,  (deserted) 


COMPANY    K. 


Private  H.  Brown, 
C.  Brown, 

"       W.  A.  Burnham, 
"       W.  Desmond, 
••       E.  Tattersall, 
"      George  Hepp, 

34 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  home 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Sent  to  North  Fairgrounds 

Exchanged 

Sent  home 

Released 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


266 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  George  Haller, 
"       Michael  Nilen, 
••       H.  Solcher, 
44      John  DeGoy. 
41       Henry  Salger,  (Traitor) 
"       J.  Bovvers, 


COMPANY    D. 


Private  Thomas  McGuire, 
"      J.  Dillon, 
"       J.  Brown, 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Exchanged 

Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Private  G.  Williams, 
C.  H.  Evans, 


THIRD    REGIMENT, 

COMPANY   E. 
COMPANY    G- 


Private  C.  Wright, 

Corporal  H.  Grage, 
Private  M.  McLaughlin, 

"       Patrick  Murphy, 

"      J.  McPhillipp, 

"       M.  White, 

14       Duncanson, 


COMPANY   H. 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Died 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


.Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Exchanged 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


COMPANY    K. 

Private  W.  R.  Braman, 
"      J.  C.  Bunch, 

THE  FOLLOWING  ARE  TAKEN  FROM  THE  "ORIGINAL  RECORD"  UNDER 
THE  HEAD  OF  UNITED  STATES  ARMY,  BUT  NO  COMPANY,  REGIMENT  OR 
DEPARTMENT  IS  RECORDED. 

Surgeon  L.  H.  Stone,  Sent  to  Charleston 

Assistant  Surgeon  C.  C.  Grey, 
Sergeant  John  Price, 

"         C.  Gray,  Sent  home 

Private  H.  E.  Vanbell,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

ENGINEER   CORPS. 
First  Lieutenant  W.  E.  Merrill,  Left  in  Richmond 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


WEST   POINT    BATTERY. 
Private  Alex  Campbell, 

FIFTH     REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    D. 

Sergeant  Stephen  Kane, 
Private  Charles  H.  Halleday, 

EIGHTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    G. 

Corporal  John  Latimer, 
Private  W.  Birmingham, 

"       Richard  Quinn, 

"       Michael  Callingham, 

"       J.  Cunningham, 

"       Paul  Murray, 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


Sent  home 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 
Died 


THE  FOLLOWING  ARE  FROM  THE  "ORIGINAL  RECORD,"  UNDER  THE 
HEAD  OF  UNITED  STATES  ARMY,  BUT  NO  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  SERVICE 
IS  RECORDED. 

SECOND    REGIMENT.  '    • 

COMPANY    A. 


Private  M.  White, 

Private  D.  Clifford, 

F.  Mills, 
"       W.  Seymour, 

Ed  Smith, 

"       Thomas  Wyman, 
"       Augustus  Schraut, 


COMPANY   C. 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  Columbia 
Sent  to  Alabama 


UNITED  STATES  MARINES. 

COMPANY    A. 

Corporal  Gerritt  Steiner 


Private  John  Barrett, 
•'       B.  T.  Perkins, 
"       George  Hunt, 
"       George  Hart, 
"       H.  McCoy, 


Exchanged 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


268 


RICHMOND    PRISONS 


Private  F.  Otto, 
"       J.  Lane, 


Private  M.  Cannon, 
"       Henry  Clark, 
"       Edward  Foley, 
"       William  Steward, 


Private  William  Bradford, 
•«       L.  A.  Cook, 
"      J.  Kessler, 

Private  John  Slemmons, 
Private  R.  Duncanson, 


COMPANY  B. 


COMPANY  C. 


COMPANY  D. 


COMPANY  E. 


COMPANY  H. 


COMPANY  I. 


First  Lieutenant  E.  W.  Hale, 
G.  W.  Hathaway, 


Sent  to  North  Fairground 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Exchanged 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  New  Orleans 


Sent  to  New  Orleans 
Exchanged 


Sent  to  Alabama 
Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 


UNITED  STATES  NAVY. 


Quartermaster  H.  N.  Baxter, 

Sailor  John  Bell, 
"      James  Bailey, 
"      Calvin  Cobb, 
«       E.  P.  Clapp, 
"       B.  Fox, 
"       D.  B.  Fox, 
"       Josiah  Horton, 
"       E.  H.  Nash, 
"      James  E.  Nash, 
"       Charles  Porter, 
"       Rufus  Ashley, 
Thomas  Millen, 
William  Barnes, 
"       Benjamin  Majo, 
"       Timothy  Murphy, 
>'       Dennis  Coughlin, 


Left  in  Richmond 

i*     «i  tt 


Sent  to  Columbia 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  269 

Sailor  D.  Hall,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

"  D.  Finley,  "     "      "         " 

"  J.  Gartside,  "     "      " 

"  L.  A.  Horton,  Exchanged 

S.  W.  Houston, 

"  E.  W.  Hale,  Sent  to  Alabama 

"  P.  B.  Whitmore,  "     " 

"  W.  B.  Wallace,  "     " 

"  Michael  Tennesey,  Discharged 

THE  FOLLOWING  NAMES  APPEAR  IN  THE  OFFICIAL  RECORD.    NO 
STATE,  COMPANY  OR  REGIMENT  RECORDED. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  S.  Bowman,  Sent  to  New  Orleans 

Captain  A.  G.  Kellogg,  Sent  to  North  Carolina 

Lieutenant  Fred  Mossback,  "     *'         "  " 

"  Oscar  Herringer,  "     "         "  " 

Sergeant  E.  H.  Chase,  "     "         "  •« 

Private  M.  C.  Canstin, 

"       George  Emerson, 

"       William  Fisk, 

"       W.  Hartshorn, 

Charles  Hauxhurst, 

*'      Jacob  Hank. 

"      John  Haif, 

'«       William  Kellej, 

"       Frank  Klechman, 

41       Henry  Leoford, 
Ed  Murphy, 

•*       L.  L.  Mageon, 

"      James  Prive, 

"       Gottifield  Rossburg, 

"       P.  Henry  Wilson,  • 

«'       Eugene  Sullivan, 

"       Thomas  T.  Sinclair, 

"       Christopher  Spade, 

«*       F.  Southall, 

»*      George  Welsh, 


270  RICHMOND    PRISONS 


CONFEDERATE   STATES  ARMY. 
NORTH  CAROLINA. 

FOURTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    E. 

Priyate McDannel, 

"       John  McKenney, 
"       John  McAnally. 

A.  T.  N.  Barker, 
'•       Thomas  Ilogan, 

William  Ward, 
"       Michael  Bresnaugh, 
"       John  Hart, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Citizen  J.  W.  Jones, 

MISSISSIPPI. 

SECOND    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY     B. 

Private  William  Brown ,  Sent  to  Richmond 

TWENTY-FIRST    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    E. 

Private  O.  Johnson. 
"      James  Joyce. 

FLORIDA. 

Mate  D.  D.  Washburn. 
Second  Mate  A.  M.  Nicholson. 
Cook  Sanford  Fagan. 
Sailor  Charles  Hempstead. 
"       C.  F.  Smith. 

LOUISIANA. 

SIXTH    REGIMENT. 
COMPANY    H. 

Private  William  Niffing. 


RICHMOND    PRISONS  2J i 

SEVENTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    C. 

Private  James  O'Reily. 

EIGHTH    REGIMENT. 

COMPANY    B. 

Private  Hugh  Phelan. 

COMPANY    K. 

Private  William  H.  Stephenson. 

THIRTEENTH    REGIMENT. 
EIGHTH   COMPANY. 

Private  James  Hamilton. 

CITIZENS. 

Samuel  Dewell,  Released 

Samuel  Nelken,  « 

G.  R.Latham,  Sent  home 

R.  N.  Clark, 

Henry  Ledford,  Sent  to  North  Carolina 

Sailor  J.  L.  Nye. 

David  Cressy. 

"      John  Eldridge. 

"       Elisha  Devvey. 

FLOYD'S  BRIGADE. 

Colonel Adler,  Sent  to  County  Jail 

Sergeant  M.  S.  Rossvalley, 


MARYLAND. 

Citizen  Pat  Graham,  Sent  home 

CANADA. 

Citizen  John  Hurdly. 

MISSOURI. 

Citizen  Henry  Stover. 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

Citizen  J.  C.  Clark,  Sent  to  Tuscaloosa 

Thomas  Hooper. 

[THE  END.] 


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